[llvm] [VPlan] Introduce explicit ExtractFromEnd recipes for live-outs. (PR #100658)

[Florian Hahn via llvm-commits]

================
@@ -8517,20 +8534,121 @@ static void addLiveOutsForFirstOrderRecurrences(VPlan &Plan) {
   }
   VPValue *OneVPV = Plan.getOrAddLiveIn(
       ConstantInt::get(Plan.getCanonicalIV()->getScalarType(), 1));
+  VPValue *TwoVPV = Plan.getOrAddLiveIn(
+      ConstantInt::get(Plan.getCanonicalIV()->getScalarType(), 2));
 
   for (auto &HeaderPhi : VectorRegion->getEntryBasicBlock()->phis()) {
     auto *FOR = dyn_cast<VPFirstOrderRecurrencePHIRecipe>(&HeaderPhi);
     if (!FOR)
       continue;
 
+    // This is the second phase of vectorizing first-order recurrences. An
+    // overview of the transformation is described below. Suppose we have the
+    // following loop with some use after the loop of the last a[i-1],
+    //
+    //   for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    //     t = a[i - 1];
+    //     b[i] = a[i] - t;
+    //   }
+    //   use t;
+    //
+    // There is a first-order recurrence on "a". For this loop, the shorthand
+    // scalar IR looks like:
+    //
+    //   scalar.ph:
+    //     s_init = a[-1]
+    //     br scalar.body
+    //
+    //   scalar.body:
+    //     i = phi [0, scalar.ph], [i+1, scalar.body]
+    //     s1 = phi [s_init, scalar.ph], [s2, scalar.body]
+    //     s2 = a[i]
+    //     b[i] = s2 - s1
+    //     br cond, scalar.body, exit.block
+    //
+    //   exit.block:
+    //     use = lcssa.phi [s1, scalar.body]
+    //
+    // In this example, s1 is a recurrence because it's value depends on the
+    // previous iteration. In the first phase of vectorization, we created a
+    // vector phi v1 for s1. We now complete the vectorization and produce the
+    // shorthand vector IR shown below (for VF = 4, UF = 1).
+    //
+    //   vector.ph:
+    //     v_init = vector(..., ..., ..., a[-1])
+    //     br vector.body
+    //
+    //   vector.body
+    //     i = phi [0, vector.ph], [i+4, vector.body]
+    //     v1 = phi [v_init, vector.ph], [v2, vector.body]
+    //     v2 = a[i, i+1, i+2, i+3];
+    //     v3 = vector(v1(3), v2(0, 1, 2))
+    //     b[i, i+1, i+2, i+3] = v2 - v3
+    //     br cond, vector.body, middle.block
+    //
+    //   middle.block:
+    //     s_penultimate = v2(2) = v3(3)
+    //     s_resume = v2(3)
+    //     br cond, scalar.ph, exit.block
+    //
+    //   scalar.ph:
+    //     s_init' = phi [s_resume, middle.block], [s_init, otherwise]
+    //     br scalar.body
+    //
+    //   scalar.body:
+    //     i = phi [0, scalar.ph], [i+1, scalar.body]
+    //     s1 = phi [s_init', scalar.ph], [s2, scalar.body]
+    //     s2 = a[i]
+    //     b[i] = s2 - s1
+    //     br cond, scalar.body, exit.block
+    //
+    //   exit.block:
+    //     lo = lcssa.phi [s1, scalar.body], [s.penultimate, middle.block]
+    //
+    // After execution completes the vector loop, we extract the next value of
+    // the recurrence (x) to use as the initial value in the scalar loop. This
+    // is modeled by ExtractFromEnd.
+    //
+
     // Extract the resume value and create a new VPLiveOut for it.
     auto *Resume = MiddleBuilder.createNaryOp(VPInstruction::ExtractFromEnd,
                                               {FOR->getBackedgeValue(), OneVPV},
                                               {}, "vector.recur.extract");
     auto *ResumePhiRecipe = ScalarPHBuilder.createNaryOp(
         VPInstruction::ResumePhi, {Resume, FOR->getStartValue()}, {},
         "scalar.recur.init");
-    Plan.addLiveOut(cast<PHINode>(FOR->getUnderlyingInstr()), ResumePhiRecipe);
+    auto *FORPhi = cast<PHINode>(FOR->getUnderlyingInstr());
+    Plan.addLiveOut(FORPhi, ResumePhiRecipe);
+
+    // Now create VPLiveOuts for users in the exit block.
+    // Extract the penultimate value of the recurrence and add VPLiveOut
+    // users of the recurrence splice. Note that the extract of the final
+    // value used to resume in the scalar loop is created earlier during VPlan
+    // construction.
+
+    // No edge from the middle block to the unique exit block has been inserted
+    // and there is nothing to fix from vector loop; phis should have incoming
+    // from scalar loop only.
+    if (RequiresScalarEpilogue)
+      continue;
----------------
fhahn wrote:

Update to check #of successors, thanks!

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/100658