[clang] [libcxx] [llvm] Reapply "[Clang] Implement resolution for CWG1835 (#92957)" (PR #98547)

[Kyun via llvm-commits]

KyunLFA wrote:

> I'm also seeing a hard "missing 'template' keyword prior to dependent template name" error when building the 510.parest_r benchmark from SPEC CPU 2017

Hitting this same error compiling the ares emulator on 19.


https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/98547