[libc-commits] [libc] [libc] Minimal crt1 for baremetal RISC-V (PR #224714)

[Petr Hosek via libc-commits]

https://github.com/petrhosek created https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/224714

This is a minimal implementation of crt1 for baremetal RISC-V similar to the Arm version.

Assisted by: Gemini

>From 76414d3f93df1165a78c8bfd0365c05840d2e89d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Petr Hosek <phosek at google.com>
Date: Thu, 7 May 2026 00:33:16 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] [libc] Minimal crt1 for baremetal RISC-V

This is a minimal implementation of crt1 for baremetal RISC-V similar
to the Arm version.

Assisted by: Gemini
---
 libc/startup/baremetal/riscv/CMakeLists.txt | 16 ++++
 libc/startup/baremetal/riscv/start.cpp      | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 104 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 libc/startup/baremetal/riscv/CMakeLists.txt
 create mode 100644 libc/startup/baremetal/riscv/start.cpp

diff --git a/libc/startup/baremetal/riscv/CMakeLists.txt b/libc/startup/baremetal/riscv/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..5a5a6b363c1cc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/startup/baremetal/riscv/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+add_startup_object(
+  crt1
+  SRC
+    start.cpp
+  DEPENDS
+    libc.src.stdlib.atexit
+    libc.src.stdlib.exit
+    libc.src.string.memcpy
+    libc.src.string.memset
+    libc.startup.baremetal.init
+    libc.startup.baremetal.fini
+  COMPILE_OPTIONS
+    -ffreestanding # To avoid compiler warnings about calling the main function.
+    -fno-builtin
+    -Wno-global-constructors
+)
diff --git a/libc/startup/baremetal/riscv/start.cpp b/libc/startup/baremetal/riscv/start.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..6cc05c0de36a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/startup/baremetal/riscv/start.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+//===-- Implementation of crt for riscv -----------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "hdr/stdint_proxy.h"
+#include "src/__support/macros/config.h"
+#include "src/stdlib/atexit.h"
+#include "src/stdlib/exit.h"
+#include "src/string/memcpy.h"
+#include "src/string/memset.h"
+#include "startup/baremetal/fini.h"
+#include "startup/baremetal/init.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+int main(int argc, char **argv);
+void _start();
+
+// Semihosting library initialisation if applicable. Required for printf, etc.
+[[gnu::weak]] void _platform_init() {}
+
+// These symbols are provided by the linker. The exact names are not defined by
+// a standard.
+extern uintptr_t __stack;
+extern uintptr_t __data_source[];
+extern uintptr_t __data_start[];
+extern uintptr_t __data_size[];
+extern uintptr_t __bss_start[];
+extern uintptr_t __bss_size[];
+} // extern "C"
+
+namespace {
+[[gnu::aligned(4)]] void trap_handler() {
+  LIBC_NAMESPACE::exit(1);
+}
+} // namespace
+
+namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL {
+
+[[noreturn]] void do_start() {
+  // Set up trap handling.
+  __asm__ volatile("csrw mtvec, %0" :: "r"(&trap_handler));
+
+#ifdef __riscv_flen
+  // Enable FPU by setting FS bits to Initial (1) in mstatus.
+  __asm__ volatile("csrs mstatus, %0" :: "r"(1UL << 13) : "memory");
+  // Clear fcsr.
+  __asm__ volatile("fscsr zero");
+#endif
+#ifdef __riscv_vector
+  // Enable Vector unit by setting VS bits to Initial (1) in mstatus.
+  __asm__ volatile("csrs mstatus, %0" :: "r"(1UL << 9) : "memory");
+#endif
+
+  LIBC_NAMESPACE::memcpy(__data_start, __data_source,
+                         reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(__data_size));
+  LIBC_NAMESPACE::memset(__bss_start, '\0',
+                         reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(__bss_size));
+  __libc_init_array();
+
+  _platform_init();
+  LIBC_NAMESPACE::atexit(&__libc_fini_array);
+  LIBC_NAMESPACE::exit(main(0, nullptr));
+}
+} // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL
+
+extern "C" {
+[[gnu::section(".text.init.enter"), gnu::naked]]
+void _start() {
+  // Initialize global pointer if defined by linker.
+  // We use .option norelax to prevent the assembler from relaxing the lla instruction.
+  __asm__ volatile(
+      ".option push\n"
+      ".option norelax\n"
+      "lla gp, __global_pointer$\n"
+      ".option pop\n"
+  );
+
+  // Initialize stack pointer.
+  __asm__ volatile("lla sp, %0" : : "i"(&__stack));
+
+  // Call do_start.
+  __asm__ volatile("tail %0" : : "i"(&LIBC_NAMESPACE::do_start));
+}
+} // extern "C"