[libc-commits] [libc] [libc][math] Implement C23 half precision pow function (PR #159906)

via libc-commits libc-commits at lists.llvm.org
Wed Sep 24 12:58:41 PDT 2025


https://github.com/AnonMiraj updated https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/159906

>From f433dfd345fddec4bdadac0104d4edf5978b4238 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: anonmiraj <nabilmalek48 at gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 20 Sep 2025 07:58:40 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] [libc][math] Implement C23 half precision pow function

---
 libc/config/gpu/amdgpu/entrypoints.txt    |   1 +
 libc/config/gpu/nvptx/entrypoints.txt     |   1 +
 libc/config/linux/aarch64/entrypoints.txt |   1 +
 libc/config/linux/arm/entrypoints.txt     |   1 +
 libc/config/linux/riscv/entrypoints.txt   |   1 +
 libc/config/linux/x86_64/entrypoints.txt  |   1 +
 libc/include/math.yaml                    |   6 +
 libc/src/math/CMakeLists.txt              |   1 +
 libc/src/math/generic/CMakeLists.txt      |  24 ++
 libc/src/math/generic/powf16.cpp          | 296 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 libc/src/math/powf16.h                    |  21 ++
 libc/test/src/math/CMakeLists.txt         |  11 +
 libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp        | 122 +++++++++
 libc/test/src/math/smoke/CMakeLists.txt   |  10 +
 libc/test/src/math/smoke/powf16_test.cpp  | 232 +++++++++++++++++
 15 files changed, 729 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 libc/src/math/generic/powf16.cpp
 create mode 100644 libc/src/math/powf16.h
 create mode 100644 libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp
 create mode 100644 libc/test/src/math/smoke/powf16_test.cpp

diff --git a/libc/config/gpu/amdgpu/entrypoints.txt b/libc/config/gpu/amdgpu/entrypoints.txt
index 4b6f3337036aa..7dd5118665456 100644
--- a/libc/config/gpu/amdgpu/entrypoints.txt
+++ b/libc/config/gpu/amdgpu/entrypoints.txt
@@ -451,6 +451,7 @@ set(TARGET_LIBM_ENTRYPOINTS
     libc.src.math.nextupl
     libc.src.math.pow
     libc.src.math.powf
+    libc.src.math.powf16
     libc.src.math.remainder
     libc.src.math.remainderf
     libc.src.math.remainderl
diff --git a/libc/config/gpu/nvptx/entrypoints.txt b/libc/config/gpu/nvptx/entrypoints.txt
index d24cc740d4234..9aae829cd4004 100644
--- a/libc/config/gpu/nvptx/entrypoints.txt
+++ b/libc/config/gpu/nvptx/entrypoints.txt
@@ -451,6 +451,7 @@ set(TARGET_LIBM_ENTRYPOINTS
     libc.src.math.nextupl
     libc.src.math.pow
     libc.src.math.powf
+    libc.src.math.powf16
     libc.src.math.remainder
     libc.src.math.remainderf
     libc.src.math.remainderl
diff --git a/libc/config/linux/aarch64/entrypoints.txt b/libc/config/linux/aarch64/entrypoints.txt
index 1bc5df9d45a93..584323d086079 100644
--- a/libc/config/linux/aarch64/entrypoints.txt
+++ b/libc/config/linux/aarch64/entrypoints.txt
@@ -589,6 +589,7 @@ set(TARGET_LIBM_ENTRYPOINTS
     libc.src.math.nextupl
     libc.src.math.pow
     libc.src.math.powf
+    libc.src.math.powf16
     libc.src.math.remainder
     libc.src.math.remainderf
     libc.src.math.remainderl
diff --git a/libc/config/linux/arm/entrypoints.txt b/libc/config/linux/arm/entrypoints.txt
index ec01030c77d4f..a5759d1901cb8 100644
--- a/libc/config/linux/arm/entrypoints.txt
+++ b/libc/config/linux/arm/entrypoints.txt
@@ -405,6 +405,7 @@ set(TARGET_LIBM_ENTRYPOINTS
     libc.src.math.nextupl
     libc.src.math.pow
     libc.src.math.powf
+    libc.src.math.powf16
     libc.src.math.remainder
     libc.src.math.remainderf
     libc.src.math.remainderl
diff --git a/libc/config/linux/riscv/entrypoints.txt b/libc/config/linux/riscv/entrypoints.txt
index 54ea983d64839..b19d1033f2b75 100644
--- a/libc/config/linux/riscv/entrypoints.txt
+++ b/libc/config/linux/riscv/entrypoints.txt
@@ -599,6 +599,7 @@ set(TARGET_LIBM_ENTRYPOINTS
     libc.src.math.nextupl
     libc.src.math.pow
     libc.src.math.powf
+    libc.src.math.powf16
     libc.src.math.remainder
     libc.src.math.remainderf
     libc.src.math.remainderl
diff --git a/libc/config/linux/x86_64/entrypoints.txt b/libc/config/linux/x86_64/entrypoints.txt
index 1fc9a2b901c14..03785ce2f8779 100644
--- a/libc/config/linux/x86_64/entrypoints.txt
+++ b/libc/config/linux/x86_64/entrypoints.txt
@@ -629,6 +629,7 @@ set(TARGET_LIBM_ENTRYPOINTS
     libc.src.math.nextupl
     libc.src.math.pow
     libc.src.math.powf
+    libc.src.math.powf16
     libc.src.math.remainder
     libc.src.math.remainderf
     libc.src.math.remainderl
diff --git a/libc/include/math.yaml b/libc/include/math.yaml
index 4e398676bf91e..ff1608e3ec3dd 100644
--- a/libc/include/math.yaml
+++ b/libc/include/math.yaml
@@ -2083,6 +2083,12 @@ functions:
     arguments:
       - type: float
       - type: float
+  - name: powf16
+    standards:
+      - stdc
+    return_type: _Float16
+    arguments:
+      - type: _Float16
   - name: powi
     standards: llvm_libc_ext
     return_type: double
diff --git a/libc/src/math/CMakeLists.txt b/libc/src/math/CMakeLists.txt
index 187bc92e5c2c6..3a1ab17341265 100644
--- a/libc/src/math/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/libc/src/math/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -451,6 +451,7 @@ add_math_entrypoint_object(nextupf128)
 
 add_math_entrypoint_object(pow)
 add_math_entrypoint_object(powf)
+add_math_entrypoint_object(powf16)
 add_math_entrypoint_object(powi)
 add_math_entrypoint_object(powif)
 
diff --git a/libc/src/math/generic/CMakeLists.txt b/libc/src/math/generic/CMakeLists.txt
index 419f562713b5f..fa5e0ed5b8451 100644
--- a/libc/src/math/generic/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/libc/src/math/generic/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1581,6 +1581,30 @@ add_entrypoint_object(
     libc.src.__support.math.expxf16_utils
 )
 
+add_entrypoint_object(
+  powf16
+  SRCS
+    powf16.cpp
+  HDRS
+    ../pow.h
+  DEPENDS
+    .common_constants
+    libc.hdr.errno_macros
+    libc.hdr.fenv_macros
+    libc.src.__support.CPP.bit
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fenv_impl
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fp_bits
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.polyeval
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.cast
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.multiply_add
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.nearest_integer
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.sqrt
+    libc.src.__support.macros.optimization
+    libc.src.__support.math.expxf16_utils
+  COMPILE_OPTIONS
+    -O3
+)
+
 add_entrypoint_object(
   powf
   SRCS
diff --git a/libc/src/math/generic/powf16.cpp b/libc/src/math/generic/powf16.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8e2e6b552632f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/src/math/generic/powf16.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+//===-- Half-precision x^y function ---------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "src/math/powf16.h"
+#include "hdr/errno_macros.h"
+#include "hdr/fenv_macros.h"
+#include "src/__support/CPP/bit.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/FEnvImpl.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/FPBits.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/PolyEval.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/cast.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/multiply_add.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/nearest_integer.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/sqrt.h"
+#include "src/__support/common.h"
+#include "src/__support/macros/config.h"
+#include "src/__support/macros/optimization.h"
+#include "src/__support/macros/properties/types.h"
+#include "src/__support/math/expxf16_utils.h"
+
+namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL {
+
+namespace {
+
+bool is_odd_integer(float16 x) {
+  using FPBits = fputil::FPBits<float16>;
+  FPBits xbits(x);
+  uint16_t x_u = xbits.uintval();
+  unsigned x_e = static_cast<unsigned>(xbits.get_biased_exponent());
+  unsigned lsb = static_cast<unsigned>(
+      cpp::countr_zero(static_cast<uint32_t>(x_u | FPBits::EXP_MASK)));
+  constexpr unsigned UNIT_EXPONENT =
+      static_cast<unsigned>(FPBits::EXP_BIAS + FPBits::FRACTION_LEN);
+  return (x_e + lsb == UNIT_EXPONENT);
+}
+
+bool is_integer(float16 x) {
+  using FPBits = fputil::FPBits<float16>;
+  FPBits xbits(x);
+  uint16_t x_u = xbits.uintval();
+  unsigned x_e = static_cast<unsigned>(xbits.get_biased_exponent());
+  unsigned lsb = static_cast<unsigned>(
+      cpp::countr_zero(static_cast<uint32_t>(x_u | FPBits::EXP_MASK)));
+  constexpr unsigned UNIT_EXPONENT =
+      static_cast<unsigned>(FPBits::EXP_BIAS + FPBits::FRACTION_LEN);
+  return (x_e + lsb >= UNIT_EXPONENT);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+LLVM_LIBC_FUNCTION(float16, powf16, (float16 x, float16 y)) {
+  using FPBits = fputil::FPBits<float16>;
+
+  FPBits xbits(x), ybits(y);
+  bool x_sign = xbits.is_neg();
+  bool y_sign = ybits.is_neg();
+
+  FPBits x_abs = xbits.abs();
+  FPBits y_abs = ybits.abs();
+
+  uint16_t x_u = xbits.uintval();
+  uint16_t x_a = x_abs.uintval();
+  uint16_t y_a = y_abs.uintval();
+  bool result_sign = false;
+
+  ///////// BEGIN - Check exceptional cases ////////////////////////////////////
+  // If x or y is signaling NaN
+  if (xbits.is_signaling_nan() || ybits.is_signaling_nan()) {
+    fputil::raise_except_if_required(FE_INVALID);
+    return FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val();
+  }
+
+  //
+  if (LIBC_UNLIKELY(ybits.is_zero() || x_u == FPBits::one().uintval() ||
+                    x_u >= FPBits::inf().uintval() ||
+                    x_u < FPBits::min_normal().uintval())) {
+    // pow(x, 0) = 1
+    if (ybits.is_zero()) {
+      return fputil::cast<float16>(1.0f);
+    }
+
+    // pow(1, Y) = 1
+    if (x_u == FPBits::one().uintval()) {
+      return fputil::cast<float16>(1.0f);
+    }
+
+    switch (y_a) {
+
+    case 0x3800U: { // y = +-0.5
+      if (LIBC_UNLIKELY(
+              (x == 0.0 || x_u == FPBits::inf(Sign::NEG).uintval()))) {
+        // pow(-0, 1/2) = +0
+        // pow(-inf, 1/2) = +inf
+        // Make sure it works correctly for FTZ/DAZ.
+        return fputil::cast<float16>(y_sign ? (1.0 / (x * x)) : (x * x));
+      }
+      return fputil::cast<float16>(y_sign ? (1.0 / fputil::sqrt<float16>(x))
+                                          : fputil::sqrt<float16>(x));
+    }
+    case 0x3c00U: // y = +-1.0
+      return fputil::cast<float16>(y_sign ? (1.0 / x) : x);
+
+    case 0x4000U: // y = +-2.0
+      return fputil::cast<float16>(y_sign ? (1.0 / (x * x)) : (x * x));
+    }
+    // TODO: Speed things up with pow(2, y) = exp2(y) and pow(10, y) = exp10(y).
+
+    // Propagate remaining quiet NaNs.
+    if (xbits.is_quiet_nan()) {
+      return x;
+    }
+    if (ybits.is_quiet_nan()) {
+      return y;
+    }
+
+    // x = -1: special case for integer exponents
+    if (x_u == FPBits::one(Sign::NEG).uintval()) {
+      if (is_integer(y)) {
+        if (is_odd_integer(y)) {
+          return fputil::cast<float16>(-1.0f);
+        } else {
+          return fputil::cast<float16>(1.0f);
+        }
+      }
+      // pow(-1, non-integer) = NaN
+      fputil::set_errno_if_required(EDOM);
+      fputil::raise_except_if_required(FE_INVALID);
+      return FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val();
+    }
+
+    // x = 0 cases
+    if (xbits.is_zero()) {
+      if (y_sign) {
+        // pow(+-0, negative) = +-inf and raise FE_DIVBYZERO
+        fputil::raise_except_if_required(FE_DIVBYZERO);
+        bool result_neg = x_sign && ybits.is_finite() && is_odd_integer(y);
+        return FPBits::inf(result_neg ? Sign::NEG : Sign::POS).get_val();
+      } else {
+        // pow(+-0, positive) = +-0
+        bool out_is_neg = x_sign && is_odd_integer(y);
+        return out_is_neg ? FPBits::zero(Sign::NEG).get_val()
+                          : FPBits::zero(Sign::POS).get_val();
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (xbits.is_inf()) {
+      bool out_is_neg = x_sign && ybits.is_finite() && is_odd_integer(y);
+      if (y_sign) // pow(+-inf, negative) = +-0
+        return out_is_neg ? FPBits::zero(Sign::NEG).get_val()
+                          : FPBits::zero(Sign::POS).get_val();
+      // pow(+-inf, positive) = +-inf
+      return FPBits::inf(out_is_neg ? Sign::NEG : Sign::POS).get_val();
+    }
+
+    // y = +-inf cases
+    if (ybits.is_inf()) {
+      // pow(1, inf) handled above.
+      bool x_abs_less_than_one = x_a < FPBits::one().uintval();
+      if ((x_abs_less_than_one && !y_sign) ||
+          (!x_abs_less_than_one && y_sign)) {
+        return fputil::cast<float16>(0.0f);
+      } else {
+        return FPBits::inf().get_val();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // pow( negative, non-integer ) = NaN
+    if (x_sign && !is_integer(y)) {
+      fputil::set_errno_if_required(EDOM);
+      fputil::raise_except_if_required(FE_INVALID);
+      return FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val();
+    }
+
+    // For negative x with integer y, compute pow(|x|, y) and adjust sign
+    if (x_sign) {
+      x = -x;
+      if (is_odd_integer(y)) {
+        result_sign = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  ///////// END - Check exceptional cases //////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // x^y = 2^( y * log2(x) )
+  //     = 2^( y * ( e_x + log2(m_x) ) )
+  // First we compute log2(x) = e_x + log2(m_x)
+
+  using namespace math::expxf16_internal;
+  FPBits x_bits(x);
+
+  uint16_t x_u_log = x_bits.uintval();
+
+  // Extract exponent field of x.
+  int m = -FPBits::EXP_BIAS;
+
+  // When x is subnormal, normalize it by multiplying by 2^FRACTION_LEN.
+  if ((x_u_log & FPBits::EXP_MASK) == 0U) {
+    constexpr float NORMALIZE_EXP =
+        static_cast<float>(1U << FPBits::FRACTION_LEN);
+    x_bits = FPBits(x_bits.get_val() * fputil::cast<float16>(NORMALIZE_EXP));
+    x_u_log = x_bits.uintval();
+    m -= FPBits::FRACTION_LEN;
+  }
+
+  // Extract the mantissa and index into small lookup tables.
+  uint16_t mant = x_bits.get_mantissa();
+  // Use the highest 5 fractional bits of the mantissa as the index f.
+  int f = mant >> 5;
+
+  m += (x_u_log >> FPBits::FRACTION_LEN);
+
+  // Add the hidden bit to the mantissa.
+  // 1 <= m_x < 2
+  x_bits.set_biased_exponent(FPBits::EXP_BIAS);
+  float mant_f = x_bits.get_val();
+
+  // Range reduction for log2(m_x):
+  //   v = r * m_x - 1, where r is a power of 2 from a lookup table.
+  // The computation is exact for half-precision, and -2^-5 <= v < 2^-4.
+  // Then m_x = (1 + v) / r, and log2(m_x) = log2(1 + v) - log2(r).
+
+  float v = fputil::multiply_add(mant_f, ONE_OVER_F_F[f], -1.0f);
+
+  // For half-precision accuracy, we use a degree-2 polynomial approximation:
+  //   P(v) ~ log2(1 + v) / v
+  // Generated by Sollya with:
+  // > P = fpminimax(log2(1+x)/x, 2, [|D...|], [-2^-5, 2^-4]);
+  // The coefficients are rounded from the Sollya output.
+  float log2p1_d_over_f =
+      v * fputil::polyeval(v, 0x1.715476p+0f, -0x1.71771ap-1f, 0x1.ecb38ep-2f);
+
+  // log2(1.mant) = log2(f) + log2(1 + v)
+  float log2_1_mant = LOG2F_F[f] + log2p1_d_over_f;
+
+  // Complete log2(x) = e_x + log2(m_x)
+  float log2_x = static_cast<float>(m) + log2_1_mant;
+
+  // z = y * log2(x)
+  // Now compute 2^z = 2^(n + r), with n integer and r in [-0.5, 0.5].
+  double z = fputil::cast<double>(y) * log2_x;
+
+  // Check for overflow/underflow for half-precision.
+  // Half-precision range is approximately 2^-24 to 2^15.
+  if (z > 15.0) {
+    fputil::raise_except_if_required(FE_OVERFLOW);
+    return FPBits::inf().get_val();
+  }
+  if (z < -24.0) {
+    fputil::raise_except_if_required(FE_UNDERFLOW);
+    return fputil::cast<float16>(0.0f);
+  }
+
+  double n = fputil::nearest_integer(z);
+  double r = z - n;
+
+  // Compute 2^r using a degree-7 polynomial for r in [-0.5, 0.5].
+  // Generated by Sollya with:
+  // > P = fpminimax(2^x, 7, [|D...|], [-0.5, 0.5]);
+  // The polynomial coefficients are rounded from the Sollya output.
+  constexpr double EXP2_COEFFS[] = {
+      0x1p+0,                // 1.0
+      0x1.62e42fefa39efp-1,  // ln(2)
+      0x1.ebfbdff82c58fp-3,  // ln(2)^2 / 2
+      0x1.c6b08d704a0c0p-5,  // ln(2)^3 / 6
+      0x1.3b2ab6fba4e77p-7,  // ln(2)^4 / 24
+      0x1.5d87fe78a6737p-10, // ln(2)^5 / 120
+      0x1.430912f86a805p-13, // ln(2)^6 / 720
+      0x1.10e4104ac8015p-17  // ln(2)^7 / 5040
+  };
+
+  double exp2_r = fputil::polyeval(
+      r, EXP2_COEFFS[0], EXP2_COEFFS[1], EXP2_COEFFS[2], EXP2_COEFFS[3],
+      EXP2_COEFFS[4], EXP2_COEFFS[5], EXP2_COEFFS[6], EXP2_COEFFS[7]);
+
+  // Compute 2^n by direct bit manipulation.
+  int n_int = static_cast<int>(n);
+  uint64_t exp_bits = static_cast<uint64_t>(n_int + 1023) << 52;
+  double pow2_n = cpp::bit_cast<double>(exp_bits);
+
+  float16 result = fputil::cast<float16>(pow2_n * exp2_r);
+
+  if (result_sign) {
+    FPBits result_bits(result);
+    result_bits.set_sign(Sign::NEG);
+    result = result_bits.get_val();
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL
diff --git a/libc/src/math/powf16.h b/libc/src/math/powf16.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..52f9848f4a2be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/src/math/powf16.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//===-- Implementation header for powf16 --------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_LIBC_SRC_MATH_POWF16_H
+#define LLVM_LIBC_SRC_MATH_POWF16_H
+
+#include "src/__support/macros/config.h"
+#include "src/__support/macros/properties/types.h"
+
+namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL {
+
+float16 powf16(float16 x, float16 y);
+
+} // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL
+
+#endif // LLVM_LIBC_SRC_MATH_POWF16_H
diff --git a/libc/test/src/math/CMakeLists.txt b/libc/test/src/math/CMakeLists.txt
index e15df147c3c35..eec048e094bd8 100644
--- a/libc/test/src/math/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/libc/test/src/math/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -2470,6 +2470,17 @@ add_fp_unittest(
     libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fp_bits
 )
 
+add_fp_unittest(
+  powf16_test
+  NEED_MPFR
+  SUITE
+    libc-math-unittests
+  SRCS
+    powf16_test.cpp
+  DEPENDS
+    libc.src.math.powf16
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fp_bits
+)
 add_fp_unittest(
   atan2f_test
   NEED_MPFR
diff --git a/libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp b/libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..171cb098114d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+//===-- Unittests for powf16 ----------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+
+#include "src/math/powf16.h"
+#include "test/UnitTest/FPMatcher.h"
+#include "test/UnitTest/Test.h"
+#include "utils/MPFRWrapper/MPFRUtils.h"
+
+using LlvmLibcPowF16Test = LIBC_NAMESPACE::testing::FPTest<float16>;
+using LIBC_NAMESPACE::testing::tlog;
+
+namespace mpfr = LIBC_NAMESPACE::testing::mpfr;
+
+TEST_F(LlvmLibcPowF16Test, TrickyInputs) {
+  // These values are in half precision.
+  constexpr mpfr::BinaryInput<float16> INPUTS[] = {
+      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.08p-2f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.0cp-1f)},
+      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.66p-1f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.f1p+1f)},
+      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.c04p-1f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.2p+12f)},
+      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.aep-1f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.f9p-1f)},
+      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.ffcp-1f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.fffp-2f)},
+      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.f55p-1f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.88p+12f)},
+      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.e84p-1f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.2cp+13f)},
+  };
+
+  for (auto input : INPUTS) {
+    float16 x = input.x;
+    float16 y = input.y;
+    EXPECT_MPFR_MATCH(mpfr::Operation::Pow, input, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(x, y),
+                      1.0); // 1 ULP tolerance is enough for f16
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(LlvmLibcPowF16Test, InFloat16Range) {
+  constexpr uint16_t X_COUNT = 63;
+  constexpr uint16_t X_START = FPBits(static_cast<float16>(0.25)).uintval();
+  constexpr uint16_t X_STOP = FPBits(static_cast<float16>(4.0)).uintval();
+  constexpr uint16_t X_STEP = (X_STOP - X_START) / X_COUNT;
+
+  constexpr uint16_t Y_COUNT = 59;
+  constexpr uint16_t Y_START = FPBits(static_cast<float16>(0.25)).uintval();
+  constexpr uint16_t Y_STOP = FPBits(static_cast<float16>(4.0)).uintval();
+  constexpr uint16_t Y_STEP = (Y_STOP - Y_START) / Y_COUNT;
+
+  auto test = [&](mpfr::RoundingMode rounding_mode) {
+    mpfr::ForceRoundingMode __r(rounding_mode);
+    if (!__r.success)
+      return;
+
+    uint64_t fails = 0;
+    uint64_t count = 0;
+    uint64_t cc = 0;
+    float16 mx = 0.0, my = 0.0, mr = 0.0;
+    double tol = 1.0; // start with 1 ULP for half precision
+
+    for (uint16_t i = 0, v = X_START; i <= X_COUNT; ++i, v += X_STEP) {
+      float16 x = FPBits(v).get_val();
+      if (FPBits(x).is_inf_or_nan() || x < static_cast<float16>(0.0))
+        continue;
+
+      for (uint16_t j = 0, w = Y_START; j <= Y_COUNT; ++j, w += Y_STEP) {
+        float16 y = FPBits(w).get_val();
+        if (FPBits(y).is_inf_or_nan())
+          continue;
+
+        float16 result = LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(x, y);
+        ++cc;
+        if (FPBits(result).is_inf_or_nan())
+          continue;
+
+        ++count;
+        mpfr::BinaryInput<float16> inputs{x, y};
+
+        if (!TEST_MPFR_MATCH_ROUNDING_SILENTLY(mpfr::Operation::Pow, inputs,
+                                               result, 1.0, rounding_mode)) {
+          ++fails;
+          while (!TEST_MPFR_MATCH_ROUNDING_SILENTLY(
+              mpfr::Operation::Pow, inputs, result, tol, rounding_mode)) {
+            mx = x;
+            my = y;
+            mr = result;
+
+            if (tol > 128.0) // half precision is only ~11 bits
+              break;
+
+            tol *= 2.0;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (fails || (count < cc)) {
+      tlog << " powf16 failed: " << fails << "/" << count << "/" << cc
+           << " tests.\n"
+           << "   Max ULPs is at most: " << static_cast<uint64_t>(tol)
+           << ".\n";
+    }
+    if (fails) {
+      mpfr::BinaryInput<float16> inputs{mx, my};
+      EXPECT_MPFR_MATCH(mpfr::Operation::Pow, inputs, mr, 1.0, rounding_mode);
+    }
+  };
+
+  tlog << " Test Rounding To Nearest...\n";
+  test(mpfr::RoundingMode::Nearest);
+
+  tlog << " Test Rounding Downward...\n";
+  test(mpfr::RoundingMode::Downward);
+
+  tlog << " Test Rounding Upward...\n";
+  test(mpfr::RoundingMode::Upward);
+
+  tlog << " Test Rounding Toward Zero...\n";
+  test(mpfr::RoundingMode::TowardZero);
+}
+
+
diff --git a/libc/test/src/math/smoke/CMakeLists.txt b/libc/test/src/math/smoke/CMakeLists.txt
index b800f7aba98d1..fa44c72e95618 100644
--- a/libc/test/src/math/smoke/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/libc/test/src/math/smoke/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -4580,6 +4580,16 @@ add_fp_unittest(
     libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fp_bits
 )
 
+add_fp_unittest(
+  powf16_test
+  SUITE
+    libc-math-smoke-tests
+  SRCS
+    powf16_test.cpp
+  DEPENDS
+    libc.src.math.powf16
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fp_bits
+)
 add_fp_unittest(
   totalorder_test
   SUITE
diff --git a/libc/test/src/math/smoke/powf16_test.cpp b/libc/test/src/math/smoke/powf16_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b3611e141dc01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/test/src/math/smoke/powf16_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+//===-- Unittests for powf16 ----------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "hdr/fenv_macros.h"
+#include "src/math/powf16.h"
+#include "test/UnitTest/FPMatcher.h"
+#include "test/UnitTest/Test.h"
+
+using LlvmLibcPowF16Test = LIBC_NAMESPACE::testing::FPTest<float16>;
+using LIBC_NAMESPACE::fputil::testing::ForceRoundingMode;
+using LIBC_NAMESPACE::fputil::testing::RoundingMode;
+
+TEST_F(LlvmLibcPowF16Test, SpecialNumbers) {
+  constexpr float16 NEG_ODD_INTEGER = -3.0f16;
+  constexpr float16 NEG_EVEN_INTEGER = -6.0f16;
+  constexpr float16 NEG_NON_INTEGER = -1.5f16;
+  constexpr float16 POS_ODD_INTEGER = 5.0f16;
+  constexpr float16 POS_EVEN_INTEGER = 8.0f16;
+  constexpr float16 POS_NON_INTEGER = 1.5f16;
+  constexpr float16 ONE_HALF = 0.5f16;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < N_ROUNDING_MODES; ++i) {
+
+    ForceRoundingMode __r(ROUNDING_MODES[i]);
+    if (!__r.success)
+      continue;
+
+    // powf16( sNaN, exponent )
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(sNaN, sNaN),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(
+        aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(sNaN, NEG_ODD_INTEGER), FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(
+        aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(sNaN, NEG_EVEN_INTEGER), FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(
+        aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(sNaN, POS_ODD_INTEGER), FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(
+        aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(sNaN, POS_EVEN_INTEGER), FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(sNaN, ONE_HALF),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(sNaN, zero),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(sNaN, neg_zero),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(sNaN, inf),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(sNaN, neg_inf),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(sNaN, aNaN),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+
+    // powf16( 0.0, exponent )
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, sNaN),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(
+        inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, NEG_ODD_INTEGER), FE_DIVBYZERO);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(
+        inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, NEG_EVEN_INTEGER), FE_DIVBYZERO);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(
+        inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, NEG_NON_INTEGER), FE_DIVBYZERO);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, POS_ODD_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, POS_EVEN_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, POS_NON_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, ONE_HALF));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, neg_zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(0.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, neg_inf),
+                                FE_DIVBYZERO);
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(zero, aNaN));
+
+    // powf16( -0.0, exponent )
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, sNaN),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(
+        neg_inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, NEG_ODD_INTEGER),
+        FE_DIVBYZERO);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(
+        inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, NEG_EVEN_INTEGER), FE_DIVBYZERO);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(
+        inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, NEG_NON_INTEGER), FE_DIVBYZERO);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(neg_zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, POS_ODD_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, POS_EVEN_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, POS_NON_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, ONE_HALF));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, neg_zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(0.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, neg_inf),
+                                FE_DIVBYZERO);
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_zero, aNaN));
+
+    // powf16( 1.0, exponent )
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, sNaN),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, neg_zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, 1.0));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, -1.0));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, NEG_ODD_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, NEG_EVEN_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, NEG_NON_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, POS_ODD_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, POS_EVEN_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, POS_NON_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, neg_inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.0, aNaN));
+
+    // powf16( -1.0, exponent )
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, sNaN),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, neg_zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(-1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, 1.0));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(-1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, -1.0));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(-1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, NEG_ODD_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, NEG_EVEN_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN_WITH_EXCEPTION(
+        LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, NEG_NON_INTEGER), FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(-1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, POS_ODD_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, POS_EVEN_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN_WITH_EXCEPTION(
+        LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, POS_NON_INTEGER), FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, neg_inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.0, aNaN));
+
+    // powf16( inf, exponent )
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, sNaN),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, neg_zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, 1.0));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, -1.0));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, NEG_ODD_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, NEG_EVEN_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, NEG_NON_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, POS_ODD_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, POS_EVEN_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, POS_NON_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, ONE_HALF));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, neg_inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(inf, aNaN));
+
+    // powf16( -inf, exponent )
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, sNaN),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, neg_zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(neg_inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, 1.0));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(neg_zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, -1.0));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(neg_zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, NEG_ODD_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, NEG_EVEN_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, NEG_NON_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(neg_inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, POS_ODD_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, POS_EVEN_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, POS_NON_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, ONE_HALF));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, neg_inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(neg_inf, aNaN));
+
+    // powf16 ( aNaN, exponent )
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(aNaN, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, sNaN),
+                                FE_INVALID);
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, neg_zero));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, 1.0));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, -1.0));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, NEG_ODD_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, NEG_EVEN_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, NEG_NON_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, POS_ODD_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, POS_EVEN_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, POS_NON_INTEGER));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, neg_inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_IS_NAN(LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(aNaN, aNaN));
+
+    // powf16 ( base, inf )
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(0.1f16, inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-0.1f16, inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.1f16, inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.1f16, inf));
+
+    // powf16 ( base, -inf )
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(0.1f16, neg_inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-0.1f16, neg_inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(1.1f16, neg_inf));
+    EXPECT_FP_EQ(zero, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(-1.1f16, neg_inf));
+
+    // Exact powers of 2:
+    // TODO: Enable these tests when we use exp2.
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(0x1.0p15, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(2.0, 15.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(0x1.0p126, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(2.0, 126.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(0x1.0p-45, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(2.0, -45.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(0x1.0p-126, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(2.0, -126.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(0x1.0p-149, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(2.0, -149.0));
+
+    // Exact powers of 10:
+    // TODO: Enable these tests when we use exp10
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(1.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(10.0, 0.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(10.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(10.0, 1.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(100.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(10.0, 2.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(1000.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(10.0, 3.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(10000.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(10.0, 4.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(100000.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(10.0, 5.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(1000000.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(10.0, 6.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(10000000.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(10.0, 7.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(100000000.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(10.0, 8.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(1000000000.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(10.0, 9.0));
+    // EXPECT_FP_EQ(10000000000.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(10.0, 10.0));
+
+    // Overflow / Underflow:
+    if (ROUNDING_MODES[i] != RoundingMode::Downward &&
+        ROUNDING_MODES[i] != RoundingMode::TowardZero) {
+      EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(inf, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(3.1f16, 21.0),
+                                  FE_OVERFLOW);
+    }
+    if (ROUNDING_MODES[i] != RoundingMode::Upward) {
+      EXPECT_FP_EQ_WITH_EXCEPTION(0.0, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(3.1f16, -21.0),
+                                  FE_UNDERFLOW);
+    }
+  }
+}

>From 21275a3d2e754ae2e08779f70d3e35d0375530a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: anonmiraj <nabilmalek48 at gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 20 Sep 2025 08:09:23 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] fix formatting

---
 libc/src/math/powf16.h             | 2 +-
 libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp | 6 +-----
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/libc/src/math/powf16.h b/libc/src/math/powf16.h
index 52f9848f4a2be..bd50f16edeede 100644
--- a/libc/src/math/powf16.h
+++ b/libc/src/math/powf16.h
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//===-- Implementation header for powf16 --------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
+//===-- Implementation header for powf16 ------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
diff --git a/libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp b/libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp
index 171cb098114d4..030f0e9cf8be3 100644
--- a/libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp
+++ b/libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-
 #include "src/math/powf16.h"
 #include "test/UnitTest/FPMatcher.h"
 #include "test/UnitTest/Test.h"
@@ -97,8 +96,7 @@ TEST_F(LlvmLibcPowF16Test, InFloat16Range) {
     if (fails || (count < cc)) {
       tlog << " powf16 failed: " << fails << "/" << count << "/" << cc
            << " tests.\n"
-           << "   Max ULPs is at most: " << static_cast<uint64_t>(tol)
-           << ".\n";
+           << "   Max ULPs is at most: " << static_cast<uint64_t>(tol) << ".\n";
     }
     if (fails) {
       mpfr::BinaryInput<float16> inputs{mx, my};
@@ -118,5 +116,3 @@ TEST_F(LlvmLibcPowF16Test, InFloat16Range) {
   tlog << " Test Rounding Toward Zero...\n";
   test(mpfr::RoundingMode::TowardZero);
 }
-
-

>From 7db870385ea3d2aec374b96749504eb8b01c73fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: anonmiraj <nabilmalek48 at gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Sep 2025 09:31:48 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] add missing argument in math.yml

---
 libc/include/math.yaml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/libc/include/math.yaml b/libc/include/math.yaml
index ff1608e3ec3dd..09e9bfed6dad4 100644
--- a/libc/include/math.yaml
+++ b/libc/include/math.yaml
@@ -2089,6 +2089,7 @@ functions:
     return_type: _Float16
     arguments:
       - type: _Float16
+      - type: _Float16
   - name: powi
     standards: llvm_libc_ext
     return_type: double

>From 7a8db3f659e67bed70a8e301079d6f888b0d14c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: anonmiraj <nabilmalek48 at gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Sep 2025 09:32:00 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] remove optimzation option

---
 libc/src/math/generic/CMakeLists.txt | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/libc/src/math/generic/CMakeLists.txt b/libc/src/math/generic/CMakeLists.txt
index fa5e0ed5b8451..b1bc47d64fa82 100644
--- a/libc/src/math/generic/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/libc/src/math/generic/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1601,8 +1601,6 @@ add_entrypoint_object(
     libc.src.__support.FPUtil.sqrt
     libc.src.__support.macros.optimization
     libc.src.__support.math.expxf16_utils
-  COMPILE_OPTIONS
-    -O3
 )
 
 add_entrypoint_object(

>From 7bb9c40553f60f5f24b5dbc65289fc8ae480c74b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: anonmiraj <nabilmalek48 at gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Sep 2025 22:58:01 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] make tests exaustive

---
 libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp | 145 ++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 51 insertions(+), 94 deletions(-)

diff --git a/libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp b/libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp
index 030f0e9cf8be3..4f70291041bfc 100644
--- a/libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp
+++ b/libc/test/src/math/powf16_test.cpp
@@ -12,107 +12,64 @@
 #include "utils/MPFRWrapper/MPFRUtils.h"
 
 using LlvmLibcPowF16Test = LIBC_NAMESPACE::testing::FPTest<float16>;
-using LIBC_NAMESPACE::testing::tlog;
 
 namespace mpfr = LIBC_NAMESPACE::testing::mpfr;
 
-TEST_F(LlvmLibcPowF16Test, TrickyInputs) {
-  // These values are in half precision.
-  constexpr mpfr::BinaryInput<float16> INPUTS[] = {
-      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.08p-2f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.0cp-1f)},
-      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.66p-1f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.f1p+1f)},
-      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.c04p-1f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.2p+12f)},
-      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.aep-1f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.f9p-1f)},
-      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.ffcp-1f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.fffp-2f)},
-      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.f55p-1f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.88p+12f)},
-      {static_cast<float16>(0x1.e84p-1f), static_cast<float16>(0x1.2cp+13f)},
-  };
-
-  for (auto input : INPUTS) {
-    float16 x = input.x;
-    float16 y = input.y;
-    EXPECT_MPFR_MATCH(mpfr::Operation::Pow, input, LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(x, y),
-                      1.0); // 1 ULP tolerance is enough for f16
+static constexpr float16 SELECTED_VALS[] = {
+    0.5f16, 0.83984375f16, 1.0f16, 2.0f16, 3.0f16, 3.140625f16, 15.5f16,
+};
+
+// Test selected x values against all possible y values.
+TEST_F(LlvmLibcPowF16Test, SelectedX_AllY) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(SELECTED_VALS) / sizeof(SELECTED_VALS[0]);
+       ++i) {
+    float16 x = SELECTED_VALS[i];
+    for (uint16_t y_u = 0; y_u <= 0x7c00U; ++y_u) {
+      float16 y = FPBits(y_u).get_val();
+
+      mpfr::BinaryInput<float16> input{x, y};
+      float16 result = LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(x, y);
+      EXPECT_MPFR_MATCH_ALL_ROUNDING(mpfr::Operation::Pow, input, result, 1.0);
+
+      // If the result is infinity and we expect it to continue growing, we can
+      // terminate the loop early.
+      if (FPBits(result).is_inf() && FPBits(result).is_pos()) {
+        // For x > 1, as y increases in the positive range, pow remains inf.
+        if (x > static_cast<float16>(1.0f) && y > static_cast<float16>(0.0f)) {
+          // The y_u loop covers the positive range up to 0x7BFF.
+          break;
+        }
+        // For 0 < x < 1, as y becomes more negative, pow becomes inf.
+        if (x > static_cast<float16>(0.0f) && x < static_cast<float16>(1.0f) &&
+            y < static_cast<float16>(0.0f)) {
+          // The y_u loop covers the negative range from 0x8000.
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
   }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LlvmLibcPowF16Test, InFloat16Range) {
-  constexpr uint16_t X_COUNT = 63;
-  constexpr uint16_t X_START = FPBits(static_cast<float16>(0.25)).uintval();
-  constexpr uint16_t X_STOP = FPBits(static_cast<float16>(4.0)).uintval();
-  constexpr uint16_t X_STEP = (X_STOP - X_START) / X_COUNT;
-
-  constexpr uint16_t Y_COUNT = 59;
-  constexpr uint16_t Y_START = FPBits(static_cast<float16>(0.25)).uintval();
-  constexpr uint16_t Y_STOP = FPBits(static_cast<float16>(4.0)).uintval();
-  constexpr uint16_t Y_STEP = (Y_STOP - Y_START) / Y_COUNT;
-
-  auto test = [&](mpfr::RoundingMode rounding_mode) {
-    mpfr::ForceRoundingMode __r(rounding_mode);
-    if (!__r.success)
-      return;
-
-    uint64_t fails = 0;
-    uint64_t count = 0;
-    uint64_t cc = 0;
-    float16 mx = 0.0, my = 0.0, mr = 0.0;
-    double tol = 1.0; // start with 1 ULP for half precision
-
-    for (uint16_t i = 0, v = X_START; i <= X_COUNT; ++i, v += X_STEP) {
-      float16 x = FPBits(v).get_val();
-      if (FPBits(x).is_inf_or_nan() || x < static_cast<float16>(0.0))
-        continue;
-
-      for (uint16_t j = 0, w = Y_START; j <= Y_COUNT; ++j, w += Y_STEP) {
-        float16 y = FPBits(w).get_val();
-        if (FPBits(y).is_inf_or_nan())
-          continue;
-
-        float16 result = LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(x, y);
-        ++cc;
-        if (FPBits(result).is_inf_or_nan())
-          continue;
-
-        ++count;
-        mpfr::BinaryInput<float16> inputs{x, y};
-
-        if (!TEST_MPFR_MATCH_ROUNDING_SILENTLY(mpfr::Operation::Pow, inputs,
-                                               result, 1.0, rounding_mode)) {
-          ++fails;
-          while (!TEST_MPFR_MATCH_ROUNDING_SILENTLY(
-              mpfr::Operation::Pow, inputs, result, tol, rounding_mode)) {
-            mx = x;
-            my = y;
-            mr = result;
-
-            if (tol > 128.0) // half precision is only ~11 bits
-              break;
-
-            tol *= 2.0;
-          }
+// Test selected y values against all possible x values.
+TEST_F(LlvmLibcPowF16Test, SelectedY_AllX) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(SELECTED_VALS) / sizeof(SELECTED_VALS[0]);
+       ++i) {
+    float16 y = SELECTED_VALS[i];
+    for (uint16_t x_u = 0; x_u <= 0x7c00U; ++x_u) {
+      float16 x = FPBits(x_u).get_val();
+      mpfr::BinaryInput<float16> input{x, y};
+      float16 result = LIBC_NAMESPACE::powf16(x, y);
+      EXPECT_MPFR_MATCH_ALL_ROUNDING(mpfr::Operation::Pow, input, result, 1.0);
+
+      // If the result is infinity and we expect it to continue growing, we can
+      // terminate the loop early.
+      if (FPBits(result).is_inf() && FPBits(result).is_pos()) {
+        // For y > 0, as x increases in the positive range, pow remains inf.
+        if (y > 0.0f16 && x > 0.0f16) {
+          // The x_u loop covers the positive range up to 0x7BFF.
+          break;
         }
       }
     }
-    if (fails || (count < cc)) {
-      tlog << " powf16 failed: " << fails << "/" << count << "/" << cc
-           << " tests.\n"
-           << "   Max ULPs is at most: " << static_cast<uint64_t>(tol) << ".\n";
-    }
-    if (fails) {
-      mpfr::BinaryInput<float16> inputs{mx, my};
-      EXPECT_MPFR_MATCH(mpfr::Operation::Pow, inputs, mr, 1.0, rounding_mode);
-    }
-  };
-
-  tlog << " Test Rounding To Nearest...\n";
-  test(mpfr::RoundingMode::Nearest);
-
-  tlog << " Test Rounding Downward...\n";
-  test(mpfr::RoundingMode::Downward);
-
-  tlog << " Test Rounding Upward...\n";
-  test(mpfr::RoundingMode::Upward);
-
-  tlog << " Test Rounding Toward Zero...\n";
-  test(mpfr::RoundingMode::TowardZero);
+  }
 }

>From 28d52f6c1ca8b4094f3c7c5f12837a7e623f09ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: anonmiraj <nabilmalek48 at gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Sep 2025 22:58:15 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] update log poly to double

---
 libc/src/math/generic/powf16.cpp | 35 ++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/libc/src/math/generic/powf16.cpp b/libc/src/math/generic/powf16.cpp
index 8e2e6b552632f..1c998ca02e7e8 100644
--- a/libc/src/math/generic/powf16.cpp
+++ b/libc/src/math/generic/powf16.cpp
@@ -199,14 +199,13 @@ LLVM_LIBC_FUNCTION(float16, powf16, (float16 x, float16 y)) {
   int m = -FPBits::EXP_BIAS;
 
   // When x is subnormal, normalize it by multiplying by 2^FRACTION_LEN.
-  if ((x_u_log & FPBits::EXP_MASK) == 0U) {
-    constexpr float NORMALIZE_EXP =
-        static_cast<float>(1U << FPBits::FRACTION_LEN);
-    x_bits = FPBits(x_bits.get_val() * fputil::cast<float16>(NORMALIZE_EXP));
+  if ((x_u_log & FPBits::EXP_MASK) == 0U) { // Subnormal x
+    constexpr double NORMALIZE_EXP = 1.0 * (1U << FPBits::FRACTION_LEN);
+    x_bits = FPBits(fputil::cast<float16>(
+        fputil::cast<double>(x_bits.get_val()) * NORMALIZE_EXP));
     x_u_log = x_bits.uintval();
     m -= FPBits::FRACTION_LEN;
   }
-
   // Extract the mantissa and index into small lookup tables.
   uint16_t mant = x_bits.get_mantissa();
   // Use the highest 5 fractional bits of the mantissa as the index f.
@@ -217,28 +216,29 @@ LLVM_LIBC_FUNCTION(float16, powf16, (float16 x, float16 y)) {
   // Add the hidden bit to the mantissa.
   // 1 <= m_x < 2
   x_bits.set_biased_exponent(FPBits::EXP_BIAS);
-  float mant_f = x_bits.get_val();
+  double mant_d = x_bits.get_val();
 
   // Range reduction for log2(m_x):
   //   v = r * m_x - 1, where r is a power of 2 from a lookup table.
   // The computation is exact for half-precision, and -2^-5 <= v < 2^-4.
   // Then m_x = (1 + v) / r, and log2(m_x) = log2(1 + v) - log2(r).
 
-  float v = fputil::multiply_add(mant_f, ONE_OVER_F_F[f], -1.0f);
-
+  double v =
+      fputil::multiply_add(mant_d, fputil::cast<double>(ONE_OVER_F_F[f]), -1.0);
   // For half-precision accuracy, we use a degree-2 polynomial approximation:
   //   P(v) ~ log2(1 + v) / v
   // Generated by Sollya with:
   // > P = fpminimax(log2(1+x)/x, 2, [|D...|], [-2^-5, 2^-4]);
   // The coefficients are rounded from the Sollya output.
-  float log2p1_d_over_f =
-      v * fputil::polyeval(v, 0x1.715476p+0f, -0x1.71771ap-1f, 0x1.ecb38ep-2f);
+
+  double log2p1_d_over_f =
+      v * fputil::polyeval(v, 0x1.715476p+0, -0x1.71771ap-1, 0x1.ecb38ep-2);
 
   // log2(1.mant) = log2(f) + log2(1 + v)
-  float log2_1_mant = LOG2F_F[f] + log2p1_d_over_f;
+  double log2_1_mant = LOG2F_F[f] + log2p1_d_over_f;
 
   // Complete log2(x) = e_x + log2(m_x)
-  float log2_x = static_cast<float>(m) + log2_1_mant;
+  double log2_x = static_cast<double>(m) + log2_1_mant;
 
   // z = y * log2(x)
   // Now compute 2^z = 2^(n + r), with n integer and r in [-0.5, 0.5].
@@ -246,10 +246,7 @@ LLVM_LIBC_FUNCTION(float16, powf16, (float16 x, float16 y)) {
 
   // Check for overflow/underflow for half-precision.
   // Half-precision range is approximately 2^-24 to 2^15.
-  if (z > 15.0) {
-    fputil::raise_except_if_required(FE_OVERFLOW);
-    return FPBits::inf().get_val();
-  }
+  //
   if (z < -24.0) {
     fputil::raise_except_if_required(FE_UNDERFLOW);
     return fputil::cast<float16>(0.0f);
@@ -282,7 +279,11 @@ LLVM_LIBC_FUNCTION(float16, powf16, (float16 x, float16 y)) {
   uint64_t exp_bits = static_cast<uint64_t>(n_int + 1023) << 52;
   double pow2_n = cpp::bit_cast<double>(exp_bits);
 
-  float16 result = fputil::cast<float16>(pow2_n * exp2_r);
+
+  double result_d = (pow2_n * exp2_r);
+  float16 result = fputil::cast<float16>(result_d);
+  if(result_d==65504.0)
+    return (65504.f16);
 
   if (result_sign) {
     FPBits result_bits(result);



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