[cfe-dev] [llvm-dev] [RFC] Expose user provided vector function for auto-vectorization.
Philip Reames via cfe-dev
cfe-dev at lists.llvm.org
Thu May 30 10:53:02 PDT 2019
On 5/30/19 9:05 AM, Doerfert, Johannes wrote:
> On 05/29, Finkel, Hal J. via cfe-dev wrote:
>> On 5/29/19 1:52 PM, Philip Reames wrote:
>>> On 5/28/19 7:55 PM, Finkel, Hal J. wrote:
>>>> On 5/28/19 3:31 PM, Philip Reames via cfe-dev wrote:
>>>>> I generally like the idea of having support in IR for vectorization of
>>>>> custom functions. I have several use cases which would benefit from this.
>>>>>
>>>>> I'd suggest a couple of reframings to the IR representation though.
>>>>>
>>>>> First, this should probably be specified as metadata/attribute on a
>>>>> function declaration. Allowing the callsite variant is fine, but it
>>>>> should primarily be a property of the called function, not of the call
>>>>> site. Being able to specify it once per declaration is much cleaner.
>>>> I agree. We should support this both on the function declaration and on
>>>> the call sites.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> Second, I really don't like the mangling use here. We need a better way
>>>>> to specify the properties of the function then it's mangled name. One
>>>>> thought to explore is to directly use the Value of the function
>>>>> declaration (since this is metadata and we can do that), and then tie
>>>>> the properties to the function declaration in some way? Sorry, I don't
>>>>> really have a specific suggestion here.
>>>> Is the problem the mangling or the fact that the mangling is
>>>> ABI/target-specific? One option is to use LLVM's mangling scheme (the
>>>> one we use for intrinsics) and then provide some backend infrastructure
>>>> to translate later.
>>> Well, both honestly. But mangling with a non-target specific scheme is
>>> a lot better, so I might be okay with that. Good idea.
>>
>> I liked your idea of directly encoding the signature in the metadata,
>> but I think that we want to continue to use attributes, and not
>> metadata, and the options for attributes seem more limited - unless we
>> allow attributes to take metadata arguments - maybe that's an
>> enhancement worth considering.
> I recently talked to people in the OpenMP language committee meeting
> about this and, thinking forward to the actual implementation/use of the
> OpenMP 5.x declare variant feature, I'd say:
>
> - We will need a mangling scheme if we want to allow variants on
> declarations that are defined elsewhere.
> - We will need a (OpenMP) standardized mangling scheme if we want
> interoperability between compilers.
>
> I assume we want both so I think we will need both.
If I'm reading this correctly, this describes a need for the frontend to
have a mangling scheme. Nothing in here would seem to prevent the
frontend for generating a declaration for a mangled external symbol and
then referencing that declaration. Am I missing something?
>
> That said, I think this should allow us to avoid attributes/metadata
> which seems to me like a good thing right now.
>
> Cheers,
> Johannes
>
>
>>>>> On 5/28/19 12:44 PM, Francesco Petrogalli via llvm-dev wrote:
>>>>>> Dear all,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This RFC is a proposal to provide auto-vectorization functionality for user provided vector functions.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The proposal is a modification of an RFC that I have sent out a couple of months ago, with the title `[RFC] Re-implementing -fveclib with OpenMP` (see http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2018-December/128426.html). The previous RFC is to be considered abandoned.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The original RFC was proposing to re-implement the `-fveclib` command line option. This proposal avoids that, and limits its scope to the mechanics of providing vector function in user code that the compiler can pick up for auto-vectorization. This narrower scope limits the impact of changes that are needed in both clang and LLVM.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Please let me know what you think.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Kind regards,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Francesco
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> =================================================================================
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Introduction
>>>>>> ============
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This RFC encompasses the proposal of informing the vectorizer about the
>>>>>> availability of vector functions provided by the user. The mechanism is
>>>>>> based on the use of the directive `declare variant` introduced in OpenMP
>>>>>> 5.0 [^1].
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The mechanism proposed has the following properties:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 1. Decouples the compiler front-end that knows about the availability
>>>>>> of vectorized routines, from the back-end that knows how to make use
>>>>>> of them.
>>>>>> 2. Enable support for a developer's own vector libraries without
>>>>>> requiring changes to the compiler.
>>>>>> 3. Enables other frontends (e.g. f18) to add scalar-to-vector function
>>>>>> mappings as relevant for their own runtime libraries, etc.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The implemetation consists of two separate sets of changes.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The first set is a set o changes in `llvm`, and consists of:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 1. [Changes in LLVM IR](#llvmIR) to provide information about the
>>>>>> availability of user-defined vector functions via metadata attached
>>>>>> to an `llvm::CallInst`.
>>>>>> 2. [An infrastructure](#infrastructure) that can be queried to retrive
>>>>>> information about the available vector functions associated to a
>>>>>> `llvm::CallInst`.
>>>>>> 3. [Changes in the LoopVectorizer](#LV) to use the API to query the
>>>>>> metadata.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The second set consists of the changes [changes in clang](#clang) that
>>>>>> are needed too to recognize the `#pragma clang declare variant`
>>>>>> directive.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Proposed changes
>>>>>> ================
>>>>>>
>>>>>> We propose an implementation that uses `#pragma clang declare variant`
>>>>>> to inform the backend components about the availability of vector
>>>>>> version of scalar functions found in IR. The mechanism relies in storing
>>>>>> such information in IR metadata, and therefore makes the
>>>>>> auto-vectorization of function calls a mid-end (`opt`) process that is
>>>>>> independent on the front-end that generated such IR metadata.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This implementation provides a generic mechanism that the users of the
>>>>>> LLVM compiler will be able to use for interfacing their own vector
>>>>>> routines for generic code.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The implementation can also expose vectorization-specific descriptors --
>>>>>> for example, like the `linear` and `uniform` clauses of the OpenMP
>>>>>> `declare simd` directive -- that could be used to finely tune the
>>>>>> automatic vectorization of some functions (think for example the
>>>>>> vectorization of `double sincos(double , double *, double *)`, where
>>>>>> `linear` can be used to give extra information about the memory layout
>>>>>> of the 2 pointers parameters in the vector version).
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The directive `#pragma clang declare variant` follows the syntax of the
>>>>>> `#pragma omp declare variant` directive of OpenMP.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> We define the new directive in the `clang` namespace instead of using
>>>>>> the `omp` one of OpenMP to allow the compiler to perform
>>>>>> auto-vectorization outside of an OpenMP SIMD context.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The mechanism is base on OpenMP to provide a uniform user experience
>>>>>> across the two mechanism, and to maximise the number of shared
>>>>>> components of the infrastructure needed in the compiler frontend to
>>>>>> enable the feature.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Changes in LLVM IR {#llvmIR}
>>>>>> ------------------
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The IR is enriched with metadata that details the availability of vector
>>>>>> versions of an associated scalar function. This metadata is attached to
>>>>>> the call site of the scalar function.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The metadata takes the form of an attribute containing a comma separated
>>>>>> list of vector function mappings. Each entry has a unique name that
>>>>>> follows the Vector Function ABI[^2] and real name that is used when
>>>>>> generating calls to this vector function.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> vfunc_name1(real_name1), vfunc_name2(real_name2)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The Vector Function ABI name describes the signature of the vector
>>>>>> function so that properties like vectorisation factor can be queried
>>>>>> during compilation.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The `(real name)` token is optional and assumed to match the Vector
>>>>>> Function ABI name when omitted.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> For example, the availability of a 2-lane double precision `sin`
>>>>>> function via SVML when targeting AVX on x86 is provided by the following
>>>>>> IR.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> // ...
>>>>>> ... = call double @sin(double) #0
>>>>>> // ...
>>>>>>
>>>>>> #0 = { vector-variant = {"_ZGVcN2v_sin(__svml_sin2),
>>>>>> _ZGVdN4v_sin(__svml_sin4),
>>>>>> ..."} }
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The string `"_ZGVcN2v_sin(__svml_sin2)"` in this vector-variant
>>>>>> attribute provides information on the shape of the vector function via
>>>>>> the string `_ZGVcN2v_sin`, mangled according to the Vector Function ABI
>>>>>> for Intel, and remaps the standard Vector Function ABI name to the
>>>>>> non-standard name `__svml_sin2`.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This metadata is compatible with the proposal "Proposal for function
>>>>>> vectorization and loop vectorization with function calls",[^3] that uses
>>>>>> Vector Function ABI mangled names to inform the vectorizer about the
>>>>>> availability of vector functions. The proposal extends the original by
>>>>>> allowing the explicit mapping of the Vector Function ABI mangled name to
>>>>>> a non-standard name, which allows the use of existing vector libraries.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The `vector-variant` attribute needs to be attached on a per-call basis
>>>>>> to avoid conflicts when merging modules with different vector variants.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The query infrastructure: SVFS {#infrastructure}
>>>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The Search Vector Function System (SVFS) is constructed from an
>>>>>> `llvm::Module` instance so it can create function definitions. The SVFS
>>>>>> exposes an API with two methods.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ### `SVFS::isFunctionVectorizable`
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This method queries the avilability of a vectorized version of a
>>>>>> function. The signature of the method is as follows.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> bool isFunctionVectorizable(llvm::CallInst * Call, ParTypeMap Params);
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The method determine the availability of vector version of the function
>>>>>> invoked by the `Call` parameter by looking at the `vector-variant`
>>>>>> metadata.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The `Params` argument is a map that associates the position of a
>>>>>> parameter in the `CallInst` to its `ParameterType` descriptor. The
>>>>>> `ParameterType` descriptor holds information about the shape of the
>>>>>> correspondend parameter in the signature of the vector function. This
>>>>>> `ParamaterType` is used to query the SVMS about the availability of
>>>>>> vector version that have `linear`, `uniform` or `align` parameters (in
>>>>>> the sense of OpenMP 4.0 and onwards).
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The method `isFunctionVectorizable`, when invoked with an empty
>>>>>> `ParTypeMap`, is equivalent to the `TargetLibraryInfo` method
>>>>>> `isFunctionVectorizable(StrinRef Name)`.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ### `SVFS::getVectorizedFunction`
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This method returns the vector function declaration that correspond to
>>>>>> the needs of the vectorization technique that is being run.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The signature of the function is as follows.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> std::pair<llvm::FunctionType *, std::string> getVectorizedFunction(
>>>>>> llvm::CallInst * Call, unsigned VF, bool IsMasked, ParTypeSet Params);
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The `Call` parameter is the call instance that is being vectorized, the
>>>>>> `VF` parameter represent the vectorization factor (how many lanes), the
>>>>>> `IsMasked` parameter decides whether or not the signature of the vector
>>>>>> function is required to have a mask parameter, the `Params` parameter
>>>>>> describes the shape of the vector function as in the
>>>>>> `isFunctionVectorizable` method.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The methods uses the `vector-variant` metadata and returns the function
>>>>>> signature and the name of the function based on the input parameters.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The SVFS can add new function definitions, in the same module as the
>>>>>> `Call`, to provide vector functions that are not present within the
>>>>>> vector-variant metadata. For example, if a library provides a vector
>>>>>> version of a function with a vectorization factor of 2, but the
>>>>>> vectorizer is requesting a vectorization factor of 4, the SVFS is
>>>>>> allowed to create a definition that calls the 2-lane version twice. This
>>>>>> capability applies similarly for providing masked and unmasked versions
>>>>>> when the request does not match what is available in the library.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This method is equivalent to the TLI method
>>>>>> `StringRef getVectorizedFunction(StringRef F, unsigned VF) const;`.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Notice that to fully support OpenMP vectorization we need to think about
>>>>>> a fuzzy matching mechanism that is able to select a candidate in the
>>>>>> calling context. However, this proposal is intended for scalar-to-vector
>>>>>> mappings of math-like functions that are most likely to associate a
>>>>>> unique vector candidate in most contexts. Therefore, extending this
>>>>>> behavior to a generic one is an aspect of the implementation that will
>>>>>> be treated in a separate RFC about the vectorization pass.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ### Scalable vectorization
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Both methods of the SVFS API will be extended with a boolean parameter
>>>>>> to specify whether scalable signatures are needed by the user of the
>>>>>> SVFS.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Changes in clang {#clang}
>>>>>> ----------------
>>>>>>
>>>>>> We use clang to generate the metadata described above.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> In the compilation unit, the vector function definition or declaration
>>>>>> must be visible and associated to the scalar version via the
>>>>>> `#pragma clang declare variant` according to the rule defined by the
>>>>>> correspondent `#pragma omp declare variant` defined in OpenMP 5.0, as in
>>>>>> the following example.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> #pragma clang declare variant(vector_sinf) \
>>>>>> match(construct=simd(simdlen(4),notinbranch), device={isa("simd")})
>>>>>> extern float sinf(float);
>>>>>>
>>>>>> float32x4_t vector_sinf(float32x4_t x);
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The `construct` set in the directive, together with the `device` set, is
>>>>>> used to generate the vector mangled name to be used in the
>>>>>> `vector-variant` attribute, for example `_ZGVnN2v_sin`, when targeting
>>>>>> AArch64 Advanced SIMD code generation. The rule for mangling the name of
>>>>>> the scalar function in the vector name are defined in the the Vector
>>>>>> Function ABI specification of the target.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The part of the vector-variant attribute that redirects the call to
>>>>>> `vector_sinf` is derived from the `variant-id` specified in the
>>>>>> `variant` clause.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Summary
>>>>>> =======
>>>>>>
>>>>>> New `clang` directive in clang
>>>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>>>
>>>>>> `#pragma omp declare variant`, same as `#pragma omp declare variant`
>>>>>> restricted to the `simd` context selector, from OpenMP 5.0+.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Option behavior, and interaction with OpenMP
>>>>>> --------------------------------------------
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The behavior described below makes sure that
>>>>>> `#pragma cland declare variant` function vectorization and OpenMP
>>>>>> function vectorization are orthogonal.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> `-fclang-declare-variant`
>>>>>>
>>>>>> : The `#pragma clang declare variant` directives are parsed and used
>>>>>> to populate the `vector-variant` attribute.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> `-fopenmp[-simd]`
>>>>>>
>>>>>> : The `#pragma omp declare variant` directives are parsed and used to
>>>>>> populate the `vector-variant` attribute.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> `-fopenmp[-simd]`and `-fno-clang-declare-variant`
>>>>>>
>>>>>> : The directive `#pragma omp declare variant` is used to populate the
>>>>>> `vector-variant` attribute in IR. The directive
>>>>>> `#pragma clang declare variant` are ignored.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> [^1]: <https://www.openmp.org/wp-content/uploads/OpenMP-API-Specification-5.0.pdf>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> [^2]: Vector Function ABI for x86:
>>>>>> <https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/vector-simd-function-abi>.
>>>>>> Vector Function ABI for AArch64:
>>>>>> https://developer.arm.com/products/software-development-tools/hpc/arm-compiler-for-hpc/vector-function-abi
>>>>>>
>>>>>> [^3]: <http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/cfe-dev/2016-March/047732.html>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>> LLVM Developers mailing list
>>>>>> llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org
>>>>>> https://lists.llvm.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/llvm-dev
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> cfe-dev mailing list
>>>>> cfe-dev at lists.llvm.org
>>>>> https://lists.llvm.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/cfe-dev
>> --
>> Hal Finkel
>> Lead, Compiler Technology and Programming Languages
>> Leadership Computing Facility
>> Argonne National Laboratory
>>
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