[libcxxabi] r309340 - [demangler] Use an AST to represent demangled names

Kostya Serebryany via cfe-commits cfe-commits at lists.llvm.org
Mon Jul 31 09:56:54 PDT 2017


Yep, confirmed. Thanks!
In the meantime, two new bugs popped up (probably, got un-hidden after your
fixes):
https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=2804
Crash Type: Heap-buffer-overflow READ 8
Crash Address: 0x619000000078
Crash State:
  __cxxabiv1::parse_encoding
  __cxxabiv1::demangle
  __cxa_demangle

https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=2800
Crash Type: Out-of-memory (exceeds 2048 MB)

Two older stack overflow bugs also remain.

--kcc

On Sun, Jul 30, 2017 at 1:12 PM, Erik Pilkington <erik.pilkington at gmail.com>
wrote:

> r309520 should fix the new failures. I'll keep an eye on oss-fuzz in case
> anything new comes up.
> Thanks for pinging me,
> Erik
>
> On 7/28/17 10:06 AM, Kostya Serebryany wrote:
>
> Erik,
> A bunch of old bugs reported in this code by OSS-Fuzz got auto-closed
> today, thanks!
>
> Also a few new bugs got opened tonight, most likely caused by this patch.
> You are auto-CC-ed.
> I would start from https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?
> id=2767
>
> Crash Type: Null-dereference READ
> Crash Address: 0x000000000008
> Crash State:
>   __cxxabiv1::parse_nested_name
>   __cxxabiv1::parse_name
>   __cxxabiv1::parse_local_name
>
> Also, you have the access to all inputs generated by the demangler fuzzer in a few months of fuzzing.
> You can use that corpus for local testing, and I would also encourage you to add the corpus to the public LLVM bots.
>
> --kcc
>
>
> On Thu, Jul 27, 2017 at 5:43 PM, Erik Pilkington via cfe-commits <
> cfe-commits at lists.llvm.org> wrote:
>
>> Author: epilk
>> Date: Thu Jul 27 17:43:49 2017
>> New Revision: 309340
>>
>> URL: http://llvm.org/viewvc/llvm-project?rev=309340&view=rev
>> Log:
>> [demangler] Use an AST to represent demangled names
>>
>> The demangler now demangles by producing an AST, then traverses that
>> AST to produce a demangled name. This is done for performance reasons,
>> now the demangler doesn't manuiplate std::strings, which hurt
>> performance and caused string operations to be inlined into the
>> parser, leading to large code size and stack usage.
>>
>> Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D35159
>>
>> Modified:
>>     libcxxabi/trunk/src/cxa_demangle.cpp
>>     libcxxabi/trunk/test/test_demangle.pass.cpp
>>
>> Modified: libcxxabi/trunk/src/cxa_demangle.cpp
>> URL: http://llvm.org/viewvc/llvm-project/libcxxabi/trunk/src/cxa_
>> demangle.cpp?rev=309340&r1=309339&r2=309340&view=diff
>> ============================================================
>> ==================
>> --- libcxxabi/trunk/src/cxa_demangle.cpp (original)
>> +++ libcxxabi/trunk/src/cxa_demangle.cpp Thu Jul 27 17:43:49 2017
>> @@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
>>
>>  #include <vector>
>>  #include <algorithm>
>> -#include <string>
>>  #include <numeric>
>>  #include <cstdlib>
>>  #include <cstring>
>> @@ -41,6 +40,1370 @@ enum
>>      success
>>  };
>>
>> +class StringView {
>> +  const char *First;
>> +  const char *Last;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  template <size_t N>
>> +  StringView(const char (&Str)[N]) : First(Str), Last(Str + N - 1) {}
>> +  StringView(const char *First, const char *Last) : First(First),
>> Last(Last) {}
>> +  StringView() : First(nullptr), Last(nullptr) {}
>> +
>> +  StringView substr(size_t From, size_t To) {
>> +    if (To >= size())
>> +      To = size() - 1;
>> +    if (From >= size())
>> +      From = size() - 1;
>> +    return StringView(First + From, First + To);
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  StringView dropFront(size_t N) const {
>> +    if (N >= size())
>> +      N = size() - 1;
>> +    return StringView(First + N, Last);
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  bool startsWith(StringView Str) const {
>> +    if (Str.size() > size())
>> +      return false;
>> +    return std::equal(Str.begin(), Str.end(), begin());
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  const char &operator[](size_t Idx) const { return *(begin() + Idx); }
>> +
>> +  const char *begin() const { return First; }
>> +  const char *end() const { return Last; }
>> +  size_t size() const { return static_cast<size_t>(Last - First); }
>> +};
>> +
>> +bool operator==(const StringView &LHS, const StringView &RHS) {
>> +  return LHS.size() == RHS.size() &&
>> +         std::equal(LHS.begin(), LHS.end(), RHS.begin());
>> +}
>> +
>> +// Stream that AST nodes write their string representation into after
>> the AST
>> +// has been parsed.
>> +class OutputStream {
>> +  char *Buffer;
>> +  size_t CurrentPosition;
>> +  size_t BufferCapacity;
>> +
>> +  // Ensure there is at least n more positions in buffer.
>> +  void grow(size_t N) {
>> +    if (N + CurrentPosition >= BufferCapacity) {
>> +      BufferCapacity *= 2;
>> +      if (BufferCapacity < N + CurrentPosition)
>> +        BufferCapacity = N + CurrentPosition;
>> +      Buffer = static_cast<char *>(std::realloc(Buffer, BufferCapacity));
>> +    }
>> +  }
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  OutputStream(char *StartBuf, size_t Size)
>> +      : Buffer(StartBuf), CurrentPosition(0), BufferCapacity(Size) {}
>> +
>> +  OutputStream &operator+=(StringView R) {
>> +    size_t Size = R.size();
>> +    if (Size == 0)
>> +      return *this;
>> +    grow(Size);
>> +    memmove(Buffer + CurrentPosition, R.begin(), Size);
>> +    CurrentPosition += Size;
>> +    return *this;
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  OutputStream &operator+=(char C) {
>> +    grow(1);
>> +    Buffer[CurrentPosition++] = C;
>> +    return *this;
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  // Offset of position in buffer, used for building stream_string_view.
>> +  typedef unsigned StreamPosition;
>> +
>> +  // StringView into a stream, used for caching the ast nodes.
>> +  class StreamStringView {
>> +    StreamPosition First, Last;
>> +
>> +    friend class OutputStream;
>> +
>> +  public:
>> +    StreamStringView() : First(0), Last(0) {}
>> +
>> +    StreamStringView(StreamPosition First, StreamPosition Last)
>> +        : First(First), Last(Last) {}
>> +
>> +    bool empty() const { return First == Last; }
>> +  };
>> +
>> +  OutputStream &operator+=(StreamStringView &s) {
>> +    size_t Sz = static_cast<size_t>(s.Last - s.First);
>> +    if (Sz == 0)
>> +      return *this;
>> +    grow(Sz);
>> +    memmove(Buffer + CurrentPosition, Buffer + s.First, Sz);
>> +    CurrentPosition += Sz;
>> +    return *this;
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  StreamPosition getCurrentPosition() const {
>> +    return static_cast<StreamPosition>(CurrentPosition);
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  StreamStringView makeStringViewFromPastPosition(StreamPosition Pos) {
>> +    return StreamStringView(Pos, getCurrentPosition());
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  char back() const {
>> +    return CurrentPosition ? Buffer[CurrentPosition - 1] : '\0';
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  bool empty() const { return CurrentPosition == 0; }
>> +
>> +  char *getBuffer() { return Buffer; }
>> +  char *getBufferEnd() { return Buffer + CurrentPosition - 1; }
>> +  size_t getBufferCapacity() { return BufferCapacity; }
>> +};
>> +
>> +// Base class of all AST nodes. The AST is built by the parser, then is
>> +// traversed by the printLeft/Right functions to produce a demangled
>> string.
>> +class Node {
>> +public:
>> +  enum Kind : unsigned char {
>> +    KDotSuffix,
>> +    KVendorExtQualType,
>> +    KQualType,
>> +    KConversionOperatorType,
>> +    KPostfixQualifiedType,
>> +    KNameType,
>> +    KObjCProtoName,
>> +    KPointerType,
>> +    KLValueReferenceType,
>> +    KRValueReferenceType,
>> +    KPointerToMemberType,
>> +    KArrayType,
>> +    KFunctionType,
>> +    KTopLevelFunctionDecl,
>> +    KFunctionQualType,
>> +    KFunctionRefQualType,
>> +    KLiteralOperator,
>> +    KSpecialName,
>> +    KCtorVtableSpecialName,
>> +    KQualifiedName,
>> +    KEmptyName,
>> +    KVectorType,
>> +    KTemplateParams,
>> +    KNameWithTemplateArgs,
>> +    KGlobalQualifiedName,
>> +    KStdQualifiedName,
>> +    KExpandedSpecialSubstitution,
>> +    KSpecialSubstitution,
>> +    KCtorDtorName,
>> +    KDtorName,
>> +    KUnnamedTypeName,
>> +    KLambdaTypeName,
>> +    KExpr,
>> +  };
>> +
>> +  const Kind K;
>> +
>> +private:
>> +  // If this Node has any RHS part, potentally many Nodes further down.
>> +  const unsigned HasRHSComponent : 1;
>> +  const unsigned HasFunction : 1;
>> +  const unsigned HasArray : 1;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  Node(Kind K, bool HasRHS = false, bool HasFunction = false,
>> +       bool HasArray = false)
>> +      : K(K), HasRHSComponent(HasRHS), HasFunction(HasFunction),
>> +        HasArray(HasArray) {}
>> +
>> +  bool hasRHSComponent() const { return HasRHSComponent; }
>> +  bool hasArray() const { return HasArray; }
>> +  bool hasFunction() const { return HasFunction; }
>> +
>> +  void print(OutputStream &s) const {
>> +    printLeft(s);
>> +    if (hasRHSComponent())
>> +      printRight(s);
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  // Print the "left" side of this Node into OutputStream.
>> +  virtual void printLeft(OutputStream &) const = 0;
>> +
>> +  // Print the "right". This distinction is necessary to represent C++
>> types
>> +  // that appear on the RHS of their subtype, such as arrays or
>> functions.
>> +  // Since most types don't have such a component, provide a default
>> +  // implemenation.
>> +  virtual void printRight(OutputStream &) const {}
>> +
>> +  virtual StringView getBaseName() const { return StringView(); }
>> +
>> +  // Silence compiler warnings, this dtor will never be called.
>> +  virtual ~Node() = default;
>> +};
>> +
>> +class NodeArray {
>> +  Node **Elements;
>> +  size_t NumElements;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  NodeArray() : NumElements(0) {}
>> +  NodeArray(Node **Elements, size_t NumElements)
>> +      : Elements(Elements), NumElements(NumElements) {}
>> +
>> +  bool empty() const { return NumElements == 0; }
>> +  size_t size() const { return NumElements; }
>> +
>> +  void printWithSeperator(OutputStream &S, StringView Seperator) const {
>> +    for (size_t Idx = 0; Idx != NumElements; ++Idx) {
>> +      if (Idx)
>> +        S += Seperator;
>> +      Elements[Idx]->print(S);
>> +    }
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class DotSuffix final : public Node {
>> +  const Node *Prefix;
>> +  const StringView Suffix;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  DotSuffix(Node *Prefix, StringView Suffix)
>> +      : Node(KDotSuffix), Prefix(Prefix), Suffix(Suffix) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &s) const override {
>> +    Prefix->print(s);
>> +    s += " (";
>> +    s += Suffix;
>> +    s += ")";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class VendorExtQualType final : public Node {
>> +  const Node *Ext;
>> +  const Node *Ty;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  VendorExtQualType(Node *Ext, Node *Ty)
>> +      : Node(KVendorExtQualType), Ext(Ext), Ty(Ty) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    Ext->print(S);
>> +    S += " ";
>> +    Ty->printLeft(S);
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void printRight(OutputStream &S) const override { Ty->printRight(S); }
>> +};
>> +
>> +enum Qualifiers {
>> +  QualNone = 0,
>> +  QualConst = 0x1,
>> +  QualVolatile = 0x2,
>> +  QualRestrict = 0x4,
>> +};
>> +
>> +void addQualifiers(Qualifiers &Q1, Qualifiers Q2) {
>> +  Q1 = static_cast<Qualifiers>(Q1 | Q2);
>> +}
>> +
>> +class QualType : public Node {
>> +protected:
>> +  const Qualifiers Quals;
>> +  const Node *Child;
>> +
>> +  void printQuals(OutputStream &S) const {
>> +    if (Quals & QualConst)
>> +      S += " const";
>> +    if (Quals & QualVolatile)
>> +      S += " volatile";
>> +    if (Quals & QualRestrict)
>> +      S += " restrict";
>> +  }
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  QualType(Node *Child, Qualifiers Quals)
>> +      : Node(KQualType, Child->hasRHSComponent(), Child->hasFunction(),
>> +             Child->hasArray()),
>> +        Quals(Quals), Child(Child) {}
>> +
>> +  QualType(Node::Kind ChildKind, Node *Child, Qualifiers Quals)
>> +      : Node(ChildKind, Child->hasRHSComponent(), Child->hasFunction(),
>> +             Child->hasArray()),
>> +        Quals(Quals), Child(Child) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    Child->printLeft(S);
>> +    printQuals(S);
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void printRight(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> Child->printRight(S); }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class ConversionOperatorType final : public Node {
>> +  const Node *Ty;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  ConversionOperatorType(Node *Ty) : Node(KConversionOperatorType),
>> Ty(Ty) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "operator ";
>> +    Ty->print(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class PostfixQualifiedType final : public Node {
>> +  const Node *Ty;
>> +  const StringView Postfix;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  PostfixQualifiedType(Node *Ty, StringView Postfix)
>> +      : Node(KPostfixQualifiedType), Ty(Ty), Postfix(Postfix) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &s) const override {
>> +    Ty->printLeft(s);
>> +    s += Postfix;
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void printRight(OutputStream &S) const override { Ty->printRight(S); }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class NameType final : public Node {
>> +  const StringView Name;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  NameType(StringView Name) : Node(KNameType), Name(Name) {}
>> +
>> +  StringView getName() const { return Name; }
>> +  StringView getBaseName() const override { return Name; }
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &s) const override { s += Name; }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class ObjCProtoName : public Node {
>> +  Node *Ty;
>> +  Node *Protocol;
>> +
>> +  friend class PointerType;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  ObjCProtoName(Node *Ty, Node *Protocol)
>> +      : Node(KObjCProtoName), Ty(Ty), Protocol(Protocol) {}
>> +
>> +  bool isObjCObject() const {
>> +    return Ty->K == KNameType &&
>> +           static_cast<NameType *>(Ty)->getName() == "objc_object";
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    Ty->printLeft(S);
>> +    S += "<";
>> +    Protocol->printLeft(S);
>> +    S += ">";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class PointerType final : public Node {
>> +  const Node *Pointee;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  PointerType(Node *Pointee)
>> +      : Node(KPointerType, Pointee->hasRHSComponent()), Pointee(Pointee)
>> {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &s) const override {
>> +    // We rewrite objc_object<SomeProtocol>* into id<SomeProtocol>.
>> +    if (Pointee->K != KObjCProtoName ||
>> +        !static_cast<const ObjCProtoName *>(Pointee)->isObjCObject()) {
>> +      Pointee->printLeft(s);
>> +      if (Pointee->hasArray())
>> +        s += " ";
>> +      if (Pointee->hasArray() || Pointee->hasFunction())
>> +        s += "(";
>> +      s += "*";
>> +    } else {
>> +      const auto *objcProto = static_cast<const ObjCProtoName
>> *>(Pointee);
>> +      s += "id<";
>> +      objcProto->Protocol->print(s);
>> +      s += ">";
>> +    }
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void printRight(OutputStream &s) const override {
>> +    if (Pointee->K != KObjCProtoName ||
>> +        !static_cast<const ObjCProtoName *>(Pointee)->isObjCObject()) {
>> +      if (Pointee->hasArray() || Pointee->hasFunction())
>> +        s += ")";
>> +      Pointee->printRight(s);
>> +    }
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class LValueReferenceType final : public Node {
>> +  const Node *Pointee;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  LValueReferenceType(Node *Pointee)
>> +      : Node(KLValueReferenceType, Pointee->hasRHSComponent()),
>> +        Pointee(Pointee) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &s) const override {
>> +    Pointee->printLeft(s);
>> +    if (Pointee->hasArray())
>> +      s += " ";
>> +    if (Pointee->hasArray() || Pointee->hasFunction())
>> +      s += "(&";
>> +    else
>> +      s += "&";
>> +  }
>> +  void printRight(OutputStream &s) const override {
>> +    if (Pointee->hasArray() || Pointee->hasFunction())
>> +      s += ")";
>> +    Pointee->printRight(s);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class RValueReferenceType final : public Node {
>> +  const Node *Pointee;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  RValueReferenceType(Node *Pointee)
>> +      : Node(KRValueReferenceType, Pointee->hasRHSComponent()),
>> +        Pointee(Pointee) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &s) const override {
>> +    Pointee->printLeft(s);
>> +    if (Pointee->hasArray())
>> +      s += " ";
>> +    if (Pointee->hasArray() || Pointee->hasFunction())
>> +      s += "(&&";
>> +    else
>> +      s += "&&";
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void printRight(OutputStream &s) const override {
>> +    if (Pointee->hasArray() || Pointee->hasFunction())
>> +      s += ")";
>> +    Pointee->printRight(s);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class PointerToMemberType final : public Node {
>> +  const Node *ClassType;
>> +  const Node *MemberType;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  PointerToMemberType(Node *ClassType, Node *MemberType)
>> +      : Node(KPointerToMemberType, MemberType->hasRHSComponent()),
>> +        ClassType(ClassType), MemberType(MemberType) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &s) const override {
>> +    MemberType->printLeft(s);
>> +    if (MemberType->hasArray() || MemberType->hasFunction())
>> +      s += "(";
>> +    else
>> +      s += " ";
>> +    ClassType->print(s);
>> +    s += "::*";
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void printRight(OutputStream &s) const override {
>> +    if (MemberType->hasArray() || MemberType->hasFunction())
>> +      s += ")";
>> +    MemberType->printRight(s);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class NodeOrString {
>> +  const void *First;
>> +  const void *Second;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  /* implicit */ NodeOrString(StringView Str) {
>> +    const char *FirstChar = Str.begin();
>> +    const char *SecondChar = Str.end();
>> +    if (SecondChar == nullptr) {
>> +      assert(FirstChar == SecondChar);
>> +      ++FirstChar, ++SecondChar;
>> +    }
>> +    First = static_cast<const void *>(FirstChar);
>> +    Second = static_cast<const void *>(SecondChar);
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  /* implicit */ NodeOrString(Node *N)
>> +      : First(static_cast<const void *>(N)), Second(nullptr) {}
>> +  NodeOrString() : First(nullptr), Second(nullptr) {}
>> +
>> +  bool isString() const { return Second && First; }
>> +  bool isNode() const { return First && !Second; }
>> +  bool isEmpty() const { return !First && !Second; }
>> +
>> +  StringView asString() const {
>> +    assert(isString());
>> +    return StringView(static_cast<const char *>(First),
>> +                      static_cast<const char *>(Second));
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  const Node *asNode() const {
>> +    assert(isNode());
>> +    return static_cast<const Node *>(First);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class ArrayType final : public Node {
>> +  Node *Base;
>> +  NodeOrString Dimension;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  ArrayType(Node *Base, NodeOrString Dimension)
>> +      : Node(KArrayType, true, false, true), Base(Base),
>> Dimension(Dimension) {}
>> +
>> +  // Incomplete array type.
>> +  ArrayType(Node *Base) : Node(KArrayType, true, false, true),
>> Base(Base) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override { Base->printLeft(S); }
>> +
>> +  void printRight(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    if (S.back() != ']')
>> +      S += " ";
>> +    S += "[";
>> +    if (Dimension.isString())
>> +      S += Dimension.asString();
>> +    else if (Dimension.isNode())
>> +      Dimension.asNode()->print(S);
>> +    S += "]";
>> +    Base->printRight(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class FunctionType final : public Node {
>> +  Node *Ret;
>> +  NodeArray Params;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  FunctionType(Node *Ret, NodeArray Params)
>> +      : Node(KFunctionType, true, true), Ret(Ret), Params(Params) {}
>> +
>> +  // Handle C++'s ... quirky decl grammer by using the left & right
>> +  // distinction. Consider:
>> +  //   int (*f(float))(char) {}
>> +  // f is a function that takes a float and returns a pointer to a
>> function
>> +  // that takes a char and returns an int. If we're trying to print f,
>> start
>> +  // by printing out the return types's left, then print our parameters,
>> then
>> +  // finally print right of the return type.
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    Ret->printLeft(S);
>> +    S += " ";
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void printRight(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "(";
>> +    Params.printWithSeperator(S, ", ");
>> +    S += ")";
>> +    Ret->printRight(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class TopLevelFunctionDecl final : public Node {
>> +  const Node *Ret;
>> +  const Node *Name;
>> +  NodeArray Params;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  TopLevelFunctionDecl(Node *Ret, Node *Name, NodeArray Params)
>> +      : Node(KTopLevelFunctionDecl, true, true), Ret(Ret), Name(Name),
>> +        Params(Params) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    if (Ret) {
>> +      Ret->printLeft(S);
>> +      if (!Ret->hasRHSComponent())
>> +        S += " ";
>> +    }
>> +    Name->print(S);
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void printRight(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "(";
>> +    Params.printWithSeperator(S, ", ");
>> +    S += ")";
>> +    if (Ret)
>> +      Ret->printRight(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +enum FunctionRefQual : unsigned char {
>> +  FrefQualNone,
>> +  FrefQualLValue,
>> +  FrefQualRValue,
>> +};
>> +
>> +class FunctionRefQualType : public Node {
>> +  Node *Fn;
>> +  FunctionRefQual Quals;
>> +
>> +  friend class FunctionQualType;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  FunctionRefQualType(Node *Fn, FunctionRefQual Quals)
>> +      : Node(KFunctionRefQualType, true, true), Fn(Fn), Quals(Quals) {}
>> +
>> +  void printQuals(OutputStream &S) const {
>> +    if (Quals == FrefQualLValue)
>> +      S += " &";
>> +    else
>> +      S += " &&";
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override { Fn->printLeft(S); }
>> +
>> +  void printRight(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    Fn->printRight(S);
>> +    printQuals(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class FunctionQualType final : public QualType {
>> +public:
>> +  FunctionQualType(Node *Child, Qualifiers Quals)
>> +      : QualType(KFunctionQualType, Child, Quals) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override { Child->printLeft(S); }
>> +
>> +  void printRight(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    if (Child->K == KFunctionRefQualType) {
>> +      auto *RefQuals = static_cast<const FunctionRefQualType *>(Child);
>> +      RefQuals->Fn->printRight(S);
>> +      printQuals(S);
>> +      RefQuals->printQuals(S);
>> +    } else {
>> +      Child->printRight(S);
>> +      printQuals(S);
>> +    }
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class LiteralOperator : public Node {
>> +  const Node *OpName;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  LiteralOperator(Node *OpName) : Node(KLiteralOperator), OpName(OpName)
>> {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "operator\"\" ";
>> +    OpName->print(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class SpecialName final : public Node {
>> +  const StringView Special;
>> +  const Node *Child;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  SpecialName(StringView Special, Node *Child)
>> +      : Node(KSpecialName), Special(Special), Child(Child) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += Special;
>> +    Child->print(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class CtorVtableSpecialName final : public Node {
>> +  const Node *FirstType;
>> +  const Node *SecondType;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  CtorVtableSpecialName(Node *FirstType, Node *SecondType)
>> +      : Node(KCtorVtableSpecialName), FirstType(FirstType),
>> +        SecondType(SecondType) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "construction vtable for ";
>> +    FirstType->print(S);
>> +    S += "-in-";
>> +    SecondType->print(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class QualifiedName final : public Node {
>> +  // qualifier::name
>> +  const Node *Qualifier;
>> +  const Node *Name;
>> +
>> +  mutable OutputStream::StreamStringView Cache;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  QualifiedName(Node *Qualifier, Node *Name)
>> +      : Node(KQualifiedName), Qualifier(Qualifier), Name(Name) {}
>> +
>> +  StringView getBaseName() const override { return Name->getBaseName(); }
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    if (!Cache.empty()) {
>> +      S += Cache;
>> +      return;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    OutputStream::StreamPosition Start = S.getCurrentPosition();
>> +    if (Qualifier->K != KEmptyName) {
>> +      Qualifier->print(S);
>> +      S += "::";
>> +    }
>> +    Name->print(S);
>> +    Cache = S.makeStringViewFromPastPosition(Start);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class EmptyName : public Node {
>> +public:
>> +  EmptyName() : Node(KEmptyName) {}
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &) const override {}
>> +};
>> +
>> +class VectorType final : public Node {
>> +  const Node *BaseType;
>> +  const NodeOrString Dimension;
>> +  const bool IsPixel;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  VectorType(NodeOrString Dimension)
>> +      : Node(KVectorType), BaseType(nullptr), Dimension(Dimension),
>> +        IsPixel(true) {}
>> +  VectorType(Node *BaseType, NodeOrString Dimension)
>> +      : Node(KVectorType), BaseType(BaseType), Dimension(Dimension),
>> +        IsPixel(false) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    if (IsPixel) {
>> +      S += "pixel vector[";
>> +      S += Dimension.asString();
>> +      S += "]";
>> +    } else {
>> +      BaseType->print(S);
>> +      S += " vector[";
>> +      if (Dimension.isNode())
>> +        Dimension.asNode()->print(S);
>> +      else if (Dimension.isString())
>> +        S += Dimension.asString();
>> +      S += "]";
>> +    }
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class TemplateParams final : public Node {
>> +  NodeArray Params;
>> +
>> +  mutable OutputStream::StreamStringView Cache;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  TemplateParams(NodeArray Params) : Node(KTemplateParams),
>> Params(Params) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    if (!Cache.empty()) {
>> +      S += Cache;
>> +      return;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    OutputStream::StreamPosition Start = S.getCurrentPosition();
>> +
>> +    S += "<";
>> +    Params.printWithSeperator(S, ", ");
>> +    if (S.back() == '>')
>> +      S += " ";
>> +    S += ">";
>> +
>> +    Cache = S.makeStringViewFromPastPosition(Start);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class NameWithTemplateArgs final : public Node {
>> +  // name<template_args>
>> +  Node *Name;
>> +  Node *TemplateArgs;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  NameWithTemplateArgs(Node *Name, Node *TemplateArgs)
>> +      : Node(KNameWithTemplateArgs), Name(Name),
>> TemplateArgs(TemplateArgs) {}
>> +
>> +  StringView getBaseName() const override { return Name->getBaseName(); }
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    Name->print(S);
>> +    TemplateArgs->print(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class GlobalQualifiedName final : public Node {
>> +  Node *Child;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  GlobalQualifiedName(Node *Child) : Node(KGlobalQualifiedName),
>> Child(Child) {}
>> +
>> +  StringView getBaseName() const override { return Child->getBaseName();
>> }
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "::";
>> +    Child->print(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class StdQualifiedName final : public Node {
>> +  Node *Child;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  StdQualifiedName(Node *Child) : Node(KStdQualifiedName), Child(Child)
>> {}
>> +
>> +  StringView getBaseName() const override { return Child->getBaseName();
>> }
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "std::";
>> +    Child->print(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +enum class SpecialSubKind {
>> +  allocator,
>> +  basic_string,
>> +  string,
>> +  istream,
>> +  ostream,
>> +  iostream,
>> +};
>> +
>> +class ExpandedSpecialSubstitution final : public Node {
>> +  SpecialSubKind SSK;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  ExpandedSpecialSubstitution(SpecialSubKind SSK)
>> +      : Node(KExpandedSpecialSubstitution), SSK(SSK) {}
>> +
>> +  StringView getBaseName() const override {
>> +    switch (SSK) {
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::allocator:
>> +      return StringView("allocator");
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::basic_string:
>> +      return StringView("basic_string");
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::string:
>> +      return StringView("basic_string");
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::istream:
>> +      return StringView("basic_istream");
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::ostream:
>> +      return StringView("basic_ostream");
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::iostream:
>> +      return StringView("basic_iostream");
>> +    }
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    switch (SSK) {
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::allocator:
>> +      S += "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, "
>> +           "std::allocator<char> >";
>> +      break;
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::basic_string:
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::string:
>> +      S += "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, "
>> +           "std::allocator<char> >";
>> +      break;
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::istream:
>> +      S += "std::basic_istream<char, std::char_traits<char> >";
>> +      break;
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::ostream:
>> +      S += "std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >";
>> +      break;
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::iostream:
>> +      S += "std::basic_iostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >";
>> +      break;
>> +    }
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class SpecialSubstitution final : public Node {
>> +public:
>> +  SpecialSubKind SSK;
>> +
>> +  SpecialSubstitution(SpecialSubKind SSK)
>> +      : Node(KSpecialSubstitution), SSK(SSK) {}
>> +
>> +  StringView getBaseName() const override {
>> +    switch (SSK) {
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::allocator:
>> +      return StringView("allocator");
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::basic_string:
>> +      return StringView("basic_string");
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::string:
>> +      return StringView("string");
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::istream:
>> +      return StringView("istream");
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::ostream:
>> +      return StringView("ostream");
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::iostream:
>> +      return StringView("iostream");
>> +    }
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    switch (SSK) {
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::allocator:
>> +      S += "std::allocator";
>> +      break;
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::basic_string:
>> +      S += "std::basic_string";
>> +      break;
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::string:
>> +      S += "std::string";
>> +      break;
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::istream:
>> +      S += "std::istream";
>> +      break;
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::ostream:
>> +      S += "std::ostream";
>> +      break;
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::iostream:
>> +      S += "std::iostream";
>> +      break;
>> +    }
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class CtorDtorName final : public Node {
>> +  const Node *Basename;
>> +  const bool IsDtor;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  CtorDtorName(Node *Basename, bool IsDtor)
>> +      : Node(KCtorDtorName), Basename(Basename), IsDtor(IsDtor) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    if (IsDtor)
>> +      S += "~";
>> +    S += Basename->getBaseName();
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class DtorName : public Node {
>> +  const Node *Base;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  DtorName(Node *Base) : Node(KDtorName), Base(Base) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "~";
>> +    Base->printLeft(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class UnnamedTypeName : public Node {
>> +  const StringView Count;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  UnnamedTypeName(StringView Count) : Node(KUnnamedTypeName),
>> Count(Count) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "'unnamed";
>> +    S += Count;
>> +    S += "\'";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class LambdaTypeName : public Node {
>> +  NodeArray Params;
>> +  StringView Count;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  LambdaTypeName(NodeArray Params, StringView Count)
>> +      : Node(KLambdaTypeName), Params(Params), Count(Count) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "\'lambda";
>> +    S += Count;
>> +    S += "\'(";
>> +    Params.printWithSeperator(S, ", ");
>> +    S += ")";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +// -- Expression Nodes --
>> +
>> +struct Expr : public Node {
>> +  Expr() : Node(KExpr) {}
>> +};
>> +
>> +class BinaryExpr : public Expr {
>> +  const Node *LHS;
>> +  const StringView InfixOperator;
>> +  const Node *RHS;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  BinaryExpr(Node *LHS, StringView InfixOperator, Node *RHS)
>> +      : LHS(LHS), InfixOperator(InfixOperator), RHS(RHS) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    // might be a template argument expression, then we need to
>> disambiguate
>> +    // with parens.
>> +    if (InfixOperator == ">")
>> +      S += "(";
>> +
>> +    S += "(";
>> +    LHS->print(S);
>> +    S += ") ";
>> +    S += InfixOperator;
>> +    S += " (";
>> +    RHS->print(S);
>> +    S += ")";
>> +
>> +    if (InfixOperator == ">")
>> +      S += ")";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class ArraySubscriptExpr : public Expr {
>> +  const Node *Op1;
>> +  const Node *Op2;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  ArraySubscriptExpr(Node *Op1, Node *Op2) : Op1(Op1), Op2(Op2) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "(";
>> +    Op1->print(S);
>> +    S += ")[";
>> +    Op2->print(S);
>> +    S += "]";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class PostfixExpr : public Expr {
>> +  const Node *Child;
>> +  const StringView Operand;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  PostfixExpr(Node *Child, StringView Operand)
>> +      : Child(Child), Operand(Operand) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "(";
>> +    Child->print(S);
>> +    S += ")";
>> +    S += Operand;
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class ConditionalExpr : public Expr {
>> +  const Node *Cond;
>> +  const Node *Then;
>> +  const Node *Else;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  ConditionalExpr(Node *Cond, Node *Then, Node *Else)
>> +      : Cond(Cond), Then(Then), Else(Else) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "(";
>> +    Cond->print(S);
>> +    S += ") ? (";
>> +    Then->print(S);
>> +    S += ") : (";
>> +    Else->print(S);
>> +    S += ")";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class MemberExpr : public Expr {
>> +  const Node *LHS;
>> +  const StringView Kind;
>> +  const Node *RHS;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  MemberExpr(Node *LHS, StringView Kind, Node *RHS)
>> +      : LHS(LHS), Kind(Kind), RHS(RHS) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    LHS->print(S);
>> +    S += Kind;
>> +    RHS->print(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class EnclosingExpr : public Expr {
>> +  const StringView Prefix;
>> +  const Node *Infix;
>> +  const StringView Postfix;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  EnclosingExpr(StringView Prefix, Node *Infix, StringView Postfix)
>> +      : Prefix(Prefix), Infix(Infix), Postfix(Postfix) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += Prefix;
>> +    Infix->print(S);
>> +    S += Postfix;
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class CastExpr : public Expr {
>> +  // cast_kind<to>(from)
>> +  const StringView CastKind;
>> +  const Node *To;
>> +  const Node *From;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  CastExpr(StringView CastKind, Node *To, Node *From)
>> +      : CastKind(CastKind), To(To), From(From) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += CastKind;
>> +    S += "<";
>> +    To->printLeft(S);
>> +    S += ">(";
>> +    From->printLeft(S);
>> +    S += ")";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class SizeofParamPackExpr : public Expr {
>> +  NodeArray Args;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  SizeofParamPackExpr(NodeArray Args) : Args(Args) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "sizeof...(";
>> +    Args.printWithSeperator(S, ", ");
>> +    S += ")";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class CallExpr : public Expr {
>> +  const Node *Callee;
>> +  NodeArray Args;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  CallExpr(Node *Callee, NodeArray Args) : Callee(Callee), Args(Args) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    Callee->print(S);
>> +    S += "(";
>> +    Args.printWithSeperator(S, ", ");
>> +    S += ")";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class NewExpr : public Expr {
>> +  // new (expr_list) type(init_list)
>> +  NodeArray ExprList;
>> +  Node *Type;
>> +  NodeArray InitList;
>> +  bool IsGlobal; // ::operator new ?
>> +  bool IsArray;  // new[] ?
>> +public:
>> +  NewExpr(NodeArray ExprList, Node *Type, NodeArray InitList, bool
>> IsGlobal,
>> +          bool IsArray)
>> +      : ExprList(ExprList), Type(Type), InitList(InitList),
>> IsGlobal(IsGlobal),
>> +        IsArray(IsArray) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    if (IsGlobal)
>> +      S += "::operator ";
>> +    S += "new";
>> +    if (IsArray)
>> +      S += "[]";
>> +    if (!ExprList.empty()) {
>> +      S += "(";
>> +      ExprList.printWithSeperator(S, ", ");
>> +      S += ")";
>> +    }
>> +    Type->print(S);
>> +    if (!InitList.empty()) {
>> +      S += "(";
>> +      InitList.printWithSeperator(S, ", ");
>> +      S += ")";
>> +    }
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class DeleteExpr : public Expr {
>> +  Node *Op;
>> +  bool IsGlobal;
>> +  bool IsArray;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  DeleteExpr(Node *Op, bool IsGlobal, bool IsArray)
>> +      : Op(Op), IsGlobal(IsGlobal), IsArray(IsArray) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    if (IsGlobal)
>> +      S += "::";
>> +    S += "delete";
>> +    if (IsArray)
>> +      S += "[] ";
>> +    Op->print(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class PrefixExpr : public Expr {
>> +  StringView Prefix;
>> +  Node *Child;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  PrefixExpr(StringView Prefix, Node *Child) : Prefix(Prefix),
>> Child(Child) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += Prefix;
>> +    S += "(";
>> +    Child->print(S);
>> +    S += ")";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class FunctionParam : public Expr {
>> +  StringView Number;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  FunctionParam(StringView Number) : Number(Number) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "fp";
>> +    S += Number;
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class ExprList : public Expr {
>> +  NodeArray SubExprs;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  ExprList(NodeArray SubExprs) : SubExprs(SubExprs) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "(";
>> +    SubExprs.printWithSeperator(S, ", ");
>> +    S += ")";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class ConversionExpr : public Expr {
>> +  NodeArray Expressions;
>> +  NodeArray Types;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  ConversionExpr(NodeArray Expressions, NodeArray Types)
>> +      : Expressions(Expressions), Types(Types) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "(";
>> +    Expressions.printWithSeperator(S, ", ");
>> +    S += ")(";
>> +    Types.printWithSeperator(S, ", ");
>> +    S += ")";
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class ThrowExpr : public Expr {
>> +  const Node *Op;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  ThrowExpr(Node *Op) : Op(Op) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "throw ";
>> +    Op->print(S);
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class BoolExpr : public Expr {
>> +  bool Value;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  BoolExpr(bool Value) : Value(Value) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += Value ? StringView("true") : StringView("false");
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class IntegerCastExpr : public Expr {
>> +  // ty(integer)
>> +  Node *Ty;
>> +  StringView Integer;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  IntegerCastExpr(Node *Ty, StringView Integer) : Ty(Ty),
>> Integer(Integer) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    S += "(";
>> +    Ty->print(S);
>> +    S += ")";
>> +    S += Integer;
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +class IntegerExpr : public Expr {
>> +  StringView Type;
>> +  StringView Value;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  IntegerExpr(StringView Type, StringView Value) : Type(Type),
>> Value(Value) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &S) const override {
>> +    if (Type.size() > 3) {
>> +      S += "(";
>> +      S += Type;
>> +      S += ")";
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    if (Value[0] == 'n') {
>> +      S += "-";
>> +      S += Value.dropFront(1);
>> +    } else
>> +      S += Value;
>> +
>> +    if (Type.size() <= 3)
>> +      S += Type;
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>> +template <class Float> struct FloatData;
>> +
>> +template <class Float> class FloatExpr : public Expr {
>> +  const StringView Contents;
>> +
>> +public:
>> +  FloatExpr(StringView Contents) : Contents(Contents) {}
>> +
>> +  void printLeft(OutputStream &s) const override {
>> +    const char *first = Contents.begin();
>> +    const char *last = Contents.end() + 1;
>> +
>> +    const size_t N = FloatData<Float>::mangled_size;
>> +    if (static_cast<std::size_t>(last - first) > N) {
>> +      last = first + N;
>> +      union {
>> +        Float value;
>> +        char buf[sizeof(Float)];
>> +      };
>> +      const char *t = first;
>> +      char *e = buf;
>> +      for (; t != last; ++t, ++e) {
>> +        unsigned d1 = isdigit(*t) ? static_cast<unsigned>(*t - '0')
>> +                                  : static_cast<unsigned>(*t - 'a' + 10);
>> +        ++t;
>> +        unsigned d0 = isdigit(*t) ? static_cast<unsigned>(*t - '0')
>> +                                  : static_cast<unsigned>(*t - 'a' + 10);
>> +        *e = static_cast<char>((d1 << 4) + d0);
>> +      }
>> +#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
>> +      std::reverse(buf, e);
>> +#endif
>> +      char num[FloatData<Float>::max_demangled_size] = {0};
>> +      int n = snprintf(num, sizeof(num), FloatData<Float>::spec, value);
>> +      s += StringView(num, num + n);
>> +    }
>> +  }
>> +};
>> +
>>  template <std::size_t N>
>>  class arena
>>  {
>> @@ -148,168 +1511,118 @@ operator!=(const short_alloc<T, N>& x, c
>>      return !(x == y);
>>  }
>>
>> -template <class T>
>> -class malloc_alloc
>> -{
>> -public:
>> -    typedef T value_type;
>> -    typedef T& reference;
>> -    typedef const T& const_reference;
>> -    typedef T* pointer;
>> -    typedef const T* const_pointer;
>> -    typedef std::size_t size_type;
>> -    typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
>> -
>> -    malloc_alloc() = default;
>> -    template <class U> malloc_alloc(const malloc_alloc<U>&) noexcept {}
>> -
>> -    T* allocate(std::size_t n)
>> -    {
>> -        return static_cast<T*>(std::malloc(n*sizeof(T)));
>> -    }
>> -    void deallocate(T* p, std::size_t) noexcept
>> -    {
>> -        std::free(p);
>> -    }
>> -
>> -    template <class U> struct rebind { using other = malloc_alloc<U>; };
>> -    template <class U, class... Args>
>> -    void construct(U* p, Args&&... args)
>> -    {
>> -        ::new ((void*)p) U(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
>> -    }
>> -    void destroy(T* p)
>> -    {
>> -        p->~T();
>> -    }
>> -};
>> -
>> -template <class T, class U>
>> -inline
>> -bool
>> -operator==(const malloc_alloc<T>&, const malloc_alloc<U>&) noexcept
>> -{
>> -    return true;
>> -}
>> -
>> -template <class T, class U>
>> -inline
>> -bool
>> -operator!=(const malloc_alloc<T>& x, const malloc_alloc<U>& y) noexcept
>> -{
>> -    return !(x == y);
>> -}
>> -
>>  const size_t bs = 4 * 1024;
>>  template <class T> using Alloc = short_alloc<T, bs>;
>>  template <class T> using Vector = std::vector<T, Alloc<T>>;
>>
>> -template <class StrT>
>> -struct string_pair
>> -{
>> -    StrT first;
>> -    StrT second;
>> +class BumpPointerAllocator {
>> +  struct BlockMeta {
>> +    BlockMeta* Next;
>> +    size_t Current;
>> +  };
>> +
>> +  static constexpr size_t AllocSize = 4096;
>> +  static constexpr size_t UsableAllocSize = AllocSize -
>> sizeof(BlockMeta);
>> +
>> +  alignas(16) char InitialBuffer[AllocSize];
>> +  BlockMeta* BlockList = nullptr;
>> +
>> +  void grow() {
>> +    char* NewMeta = new char[AllocSize];
>> +    BlockList = new (NewMeta) BlockMeta{BlockList, 0};
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  void* allocateMassive(size_t NBytes) {
>> +    NBytes += sizeof(BlockMeta);
>> +    BlockMeta* NewMeta = reinterpret_cast<BlockMeta*>(new char[NBytes]);
>> +    BlockList->Next = new (NewMeta) BlockMeta{BlockList->Next, 0};
>> +    return static_cast<void*>(NewMeta + 1);
>> +  }
>>
>> -    string_pair() = default;
>> -    string_pair(StrT f) : first(std::move(f)) {}
>> -    string_pair(StrT f, StrT s)
>> -        : first(std::move(f)), second(std::move(s)) {}
>> -    template <size_t N>
>> -        string_pair(const char (&s)[N]) : first(s, N-1) {}
>> +public:
>> +  BumpPointerAllocator()
>> +      : BlockList(new (InitialBuffer) BlockMeta{nullptr, 0}) {}
>>
>> -    size_t size() const {return first.size() + second.size();}
>> -    bool empty() const { return first.empty() && second.empty(); }
>> -    StrT full() const {return first + second;}
>> -    StrT move_full() {return std::move(first) + std::move(second);}
>> +  void* allocate(size_t N) {
>> +    N = (N + 15u) & ~15u;
>> +    if (N + BlockList->Current >= UsableAllocSize) {
>> +      if (N > UsableAllocSize)
>> +        return allocateMassive(N);
>> +      grow();
>> +    }
>> +    BlockList->Current += N;
>> +    return static_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(BlockList + 1) +
>> +                              BlockList->Current - N);
>> +  }
>> +
>> +  ~BumpPointerAllocator() {
>> +    while (BlockList) {
>> +      BlockMeta* Tmp = BlockList;
>> +      BlockList = BlockList->Next;
>> +      if (reinterpret_cast<char*>(Tmp) != InitialBuffer)
>> +        delete[] reinterpret_cast<char*>(Tmp);
>> +    }
>> +  }
>>  };
>>
>>  struct Db
>>  {
>> -    typedef std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>,
>> -                              malloc_alloc<char>> String;
>> -    typedef Vector<string_pair<String>> sub_type;
>> +    typedef Vector<Node*> sub_type;
>>      typedef Vector<sub_type> template_param_type;
>>      sub_type names;
>>      template_param_type subs;
>>      Vector<template_param_type> template_param;
>> -    unsigned cv = 0;
>> -    unsigned ref = 0;
>> +    Qualifiers cv = QualNone;
>> +    FunctionRefQual ref = FrefQualNone;
>>      unsigned encoding_depth = 0;
>>      bool parsed_ctor_dtor_cv = false;
>>      bool tag_templates = true;
>>      bool fix_forward_references = false;
>>      bool try_to_parse_template_args = true;
>>
>> +    BumpPointerAllocator ASTAllocator;
>> +
>>      template <size_t N>
>>      Db(arena<N>& ar) :
>>          names(ar),
>>          subs(0, names, ar),
>>          template_param(0, subs, ar)
>>      {}
>> -};
>> -
>>
>> -const char* parse_type(const char* first, const char* last, Db& db);
>> -const char* parse_encoding(const char* first, const char* last, Db& db);
>> -const char* parse_name(const char* first, const char* last, Db& db,
>> -                       bool* ends_with_template_args = 0);
>> -const char* parse_expression(const char* first, const char* last, Db&
>> db);
>> -const char* parse_template_args(const char* first, const char* last, Db&
>> db);
>> -const char* parse_operator_name(const char* first, const char* last, Db&
>> db);
>> -const char* parse_unqualified_name(const char* first, const char* last,
>> Db& db);
>> -const char* parse_decltype(const char* first, const char* last, Db& db);
>> +    template <class T, class... Args> T* make(Args&& ...args)
>> +    {
>> +        return new (ASTAllocator.allocate(sizeof(T)))
>> +            T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
>> +    }
>>
>> -template <class C>
>> -void
>> -print_stack(const C& db)
>> -{
>> -    fprintf(stderr, "---------\n");
>> -    fprintf(stderr, "names:\n");
>> -    for (auto& s : db.names)
>> -        fprintf(stderr, "{%s#%s}\n", s.first.c_str(), s.second.c_str());
>> -    int i = -1;
>> -    fprintf(stderr, "subs:\n");
>> -    for (auto& v : db.subs)
>> +    template <class It> NodeArray makeNodeArray(It begin, It end)
>>      {
>> -        if (i >= 0)
>> -            fprintf(stderr, "S%i_ = {", i);
>> -        else
>> -            fprintf(stderr, "S_  = {");
>> -        for (auto& s : v)
>> -            fprintf(stderr, "{%s#%s}", s.first.c_str(),
>> s.second.c_str());
>> -        fprintf(stderr, "}\n");
>> -        ++i;
>> -    }
>> -    fprintf(stderr, "template_param:\n");
>> -    for (auto& t : db.template_param)
>> -    {
>> -        fprintf(stderr, "--\n");
>> -        i = -1;
>> -        for (auto& v : t)
>> -        {
>> -            if (i >= 0)
>> -                fprintf(stderr, "T%i_ = {", i);
>> -            else
>> -                fprintf(stderr, "T_  = {");
>> -            for (auto& s : v)
>> -                fprintf(stderr, "{%s#%s}", s.first.c_str(),
>> s.second.c_str());
>> -            fprintf(stderr, "}\n");
>> -            ++i;
>> -        }
>> +        size_t sz = static_cast<size_t>(end - begin);
>> +        void* mem = ASTAllocator.allocate(sizeof(Node*) * sz);
>> +        Node** data = new (mem) Node*[sz];
>> +        std::copy(begin, end, data);
>> +        return NodeArray(data, sz);
>>      }
>> -    fprintf(stderr, "---------\n\n");
>> -}
>>
>> -template <class C>
>> -void
>> -print_state(const char* msg, const char* first, const char* last, const
>> C& db)
>> -{
>> -    fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", msg);
>> -    for (; first != last; ++first)
>> -        fprintf(stderr, "%c", *first);
>> -    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
>> -    print_stack(db);
>> -}
>> +    NodeArray popTrailingNodeArray(size_t FromPosition)
>> +    {
>> +        assert(FromPosition <= names.size());
>> +        NodeArray res = makeNodeArray(
>> +            names.begin() + (long)FromPosition, names.end());
>> +        names.erase(names.begin() + (long)FromPosition, names.end());
>> +        return res;
>> +    }
>> +};
>> +
>> +const char* parse_type(const char* first, const char* last, Db& db);
>> +const char* parse_encoding(const char* first, const char* last, Db& db);
>> +const char* parse_name(const char* first, const char* last, Db& db,
>> +                       bool* ends_with_template_args = 0);
>> +const char* parse_expression(const char* first, const char* last, Db&
>> db);
>> +const char* parse_template_args(const char* first, const char* last, Db&
>> db);
>> +const char* parse_operator_name(const char* first, const char* last, Db&
>> db);
>> +const char* parse_unqualified_name(const char* first, const char* last,
>> Db& db);
>> +const char* parse_decltype(const char* first, const char* last, Db& db);
>>
>>  // <number> ::= [n] <non-negative decimal integer>
>>
>> @@ -339,30 +1652,30 @@ parse_number(const char* first, const ch
>>  }
>>
>>  template <class Float>
>> -struct float_data;
>> +struct FloatData;
>>
>>  template <>
>> -struct float_data<float>
>> +struct FloatData<float>
>>  {
>>      static const size_t mangled_size = 8;
>>      static const size_t max_demangled_size = 24;
>>      static constexpr const char* spec = "%af";
>>  };
>>
>> -constexpr const char* float_data<float>::spec;
>> +constexpr const char* FloatData<float>::spec;
>>
>>  template <>
>> -struct float_data<double>
>> +struct FloatData<double>
>>  {
>>      static const size_t mangled_size = 16;
>>      static const size_t max_demangled_size = 32;
>>      static constexpr const char* spec = "%a";
>>  };
>>
>> -constexpr const char* float_data<double>::spec;
>> +constexpr const char* FloatData<double>::spec;
>>
>>  template <>
>> -struct float_data<long double>
>> +struct FloatData<long double>
>>  {
>>  #if defined(__mips__) && defined(__mips_n64) || defined(__aarch64__) || \
>>      defined(__wasm__)
>> @@ -376,46 +1689,27 @@ struct float_data<long double>
>>      static constexpr const char* spec = "%LaL";
>>  };
>>
>> -constexpr const char* float_data<long double>::spec;
>> +constexpr const char* FloatData<long double>::spec;
>>
>>  template <class Float>
>>  const char*
>>  parse_floating_number(const char* first, const char* last, Db& db)
>>  {
>> -    const size_t N = float_data<Float>::mangled_size;
>> -    if (static_cast<std::size_t>(last - first) > N)
>> +    const size_t N = FloatData<Float>::mangled_size;
>> +    if (static_cast<std::size_t>(last - first) <= N)
>> +        return first;
>> +    last = first + N;
>> +    const char* t = first;
>> +    for (; t != last; ++t)
>>      {
>> -        last = first + N;
>> -        union
>> -        {
>> -            Float value;
>> -            char buf[sizeof(Float)];
>> -        };
>> -        const char* t = first;
>> -        char* e = buf;
>> -        for (; t != last; ++t, ++e)
>> -        {
>> -            if (!isxdigit(*t))
>> -                return first;
>> -            unsigned d1 = isdigit(*t) ? static_cast<unsigned>(*t - '0') :
>> -                                        static_cast<unsigned>(*t - 'a' +
>> 10);
>> -            ++t;
>> -            unsigned d0 = isdigit(*t) ? static_cast<unsigned>(*t - '0') :
>> -                                        static_cast<unsigned>(*t - 'a' +
>> 10);
>> -            *e = static_cast<char>((d1 << 4) + d0);
>> -        }
>> -        if (*t == 'E')
>> -        {
>> -#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
>> -            std::reverse(buf, e);
>> -#endif
>> -            char num[float_data<Float>::max_demangled_size] = {0};
>> -            int n = snprintf(num, sizeof(num), float_data<Float>::spec,
>> value);
>> -            if (static_cast<std::size_t>(n) >= sizeof(num))
>> -                return first;
>> -            db.names.push_back(Db::String(num,
>> static_cast<std::size_t>(n)));
>> -            first = t+1;
>> -        }
>> +        if (!isxdigit(*t))
>> +            return first;
>> +    }
>> +    if (*t == 'E')
>> +    {
>> +        db.names.push_back(
>> +            db.make<FloatExpr<Float>>(StringView(first, t)));
>> +        first = t + 1;
>>      }
>>      return first;
>>  }
>> @@ -440,11 +1734,11 @@ parse_source_name(const char* first, con
>>              }
>>              if (static_cast<size_t>(last - t) >= n)
>>              {
>> -                Db::String r(t, n);
>> +                StringView r(t, t + n);
>>                  if (r.substr(0, 10) == "_GLOBAL__N")
>> -                    db.names.push_back("(anonymous namespace)");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("(anonymous
>> namespace)"));
>>                  else
>> -                    db.names.push_back(std::move(r));
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>(r));
>>                  first = t + n;
>>              }
>>          }
>> @@ -473,27 +1767,32 @@ parse_substitution(const char* first, co
>>              switch (first[1])
>>              {
>>              case 'a':
>> -                db.names.push_back("std::allocator");
>> +                db.names.push_back(
>> +                    db.make<SpecialSubstitution>(
>> +                        SpecialSubKind::allocator));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'b':
>> -                db.names.push_back("std::basic_string");
>> +                db.names.push_back(
>> +                    db.make<SpecialSubstitution>(S
>> pecialSubKind::basic_string));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 's':
>> -                db.names.push_back("std::string");
>> +                db.names.push_back(
>> +                    db.make<SpecialSubstitution>(
>> +                        SpecialSubKind::string));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'i':
>> -                db.names.push_back("std::istream");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<Spe
>> cialSubstitution>(SpecialSubKind::istream));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'o':
>> -                db.names.push_back("std::ostream");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<Spe
>> cialSubstitution>(SpecialSubKind::ostream));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'd':
>> -                db.names.push_back("std::iostream");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<Spe
>> cialSubstitution>(SpecialSubKind::iostream));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case '_':
>> @@ -578,87 +1877,87 @@ parse_builtin_type(const char* first, co
>>          switch (*first)
>>          {
>>          case 'v':
>> -            db.names.push_back("void");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("void"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'w':
>> -            db.names.push_back("wchar_t");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("wchar_t"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'b':
>> -            db.names.push_back("bool");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("bool"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'c':
>> -            db.names.push_back("char");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("char"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'a':
>> -            db.names.push_back("signed char");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("signed char"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'h':
>> -            db.names.push_back("unsigned char");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("unsigned char"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 's':
>> -            db.names.push_back("short");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("short"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 't':
>> -            db.names.push_back("unsigned short");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("unsigned short"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'i':
>> -            db.names.push_back("int");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("int"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'j':
>> -            db.names.push_back("unsigned int");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("unsigned int"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'l':
>> -            db.names.push_back("long");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("long"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'm':
>> -            db.names.push_back("unsigned long");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("unsigned long"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'x':
>> -            db.names.push_back("long long");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("long long"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'y':
>> -            db.names.push_back("unsigned long long");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("unsigned long long"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'n':
>> -            db.names.push_back("__int128");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("__int128"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'o':
>> -            db.names.push_back("unsigned __int128");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("unsigned __int128"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'f':
>> -            db.names.push_back("float");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("float"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'd':
>> -            db.names.push_back("double");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("double"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'e':
>> -            db.names.push_back("long double");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("long double"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'g':
>> -            db.names.push_back("__float128");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("__float128"));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'z':
>> -            db.names.push_back("...");
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("..."));
>>              ++first;
>>              break;
>>          case 'u':
>> @@ -674,39 +1973,39 @@ parse_builtin_type(const char* first, co
>>                  switch (first[1])
>>                  {
>>                  case 'd':
>> -                    db.names.push_back("decimal64");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("decimal64"));
>>                      first += 2;
>>                      break;
>>                  case 'e':
>> -                    db.names.push_back("decimal128");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("decimal128"));
>>                      first += 2;
>>                      break;
>>                  case 'f':
>> -                    db.names.push_back("decimal32");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("decimal32"));
>>                      first += 2;
>>                      break;
>>                  case 'h':
>> -                    db.names.push_back("decimal16");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("decimal16"));
>>                      first += 2;
>>                      break;
>>                  case 'i':
>> -                    db.names.push_back("char32_t");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("char32_t"));
>>                      first += 2;
>>                      break;
>>                  case 's':
>> -                    db.names.push_back("char16_t");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("char16_t"));
>>                      first += 2;
>>                      break;
>>                  case 'a':
>> -                    db.names.push_back("auto");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("auto"));
>>                      first += 2;
>>                      break;
>>                  case 'c':
>> -                    db.names.push_back("decltype(auto)");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<Nam
>> eType>("decltype(auto)"));
>>                      first += 2;
>>                      break;
>>                  case 'n':
>> -                    db.names.push_back("std::nullptr_t");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<Nam
>> eType>("std::nullptr_t"));
>>                      first += 2;
>>                      break;
>>                  }
>> @@ -717,27 +2016,27 @@ parse_builtin_type(const char* first, co
>>      return first;
>>  }
>>
>> -// <CV-qualifiers> ::= [r] [V] [K]
>> +// <CV-Qualifiers> ::= [r] [V] [K]
>>
>>  const char*
>> -parse_cv_qualifiers(const char* first, const char* last, unsigned& cv)
>> +parse_cv_qualifiers(const char* first, const char* last, Qualifiers& cv)
>>  {
>> -    cv = 0;
>> +    cv = QualNone;
>>      if (first != last)
>>      {
>>          if (*first == 'r')
>>          {
>> -            cv |= 4;
>> +            addQualifiers(cv, QualRestrict);
>>              ++first;
>>          }
>>          if (*first == 'V')
>>          {
>> -            cv |= 2;
>> +            addQualifiers(cv, QualVolatile);
>>              ++first;
>>          }
>>          if (*first == 'K')
>>          {
>> -            cv |= 1;
>> +            addQualifiers(cv, QualConst);
>>              ++first;
>>          }
>>      }
>> @@ -766,7 +2065,7 @@ parse_template_param(const char* first,
>>                  }
>>                  else
>>                  {
>> -                    db.names.push_back("T_");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("T_"));
>>                      first += 2;
>>                      db.fix_forward_references = true;
>>                  }
>> @@ -791,7 +2090,8 @@ parse_template_param(const char* first,
>>                  }
>>                  else
>>                  {
>> -                    db.names.push_back(Db::String(first, t+1));
>> +                    db.names.push_back(
>> +                        db.make<NameType>(StringView(first, t + 1)));
>>                      first = t+1;
>>                      db.fix_forward_references = true;
>>                  }
>> @@ -816,11 +2116,12 @@ parse_const_cast_expr(const char* first,
>>              {
>>                  if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                      return first;
>> -                auto expr = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                auto from_expr = db.names.back();
>>                  db.names.pop_back();
>>                  if (db.names.empty())
>>                      return first;
>> -                db.names.back() = "const_cast<" +
>> db.names.back().move_full() + ">(" + expr + ")";
>> +                db.names.back() = db.make<CastExpr>(
>> +                    "const_cast", db.names.back(), from_expr);
>>                  first = t1;
>>              }
>>          }
>> @@ -843,11 +2144,12 @@ parse_dynamic_cast_expr(const char* firs
>>              {
>>                  if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                      return first;
>> -                auto expr = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                auto from_expr = db.names.back();
>>                  db.names.pop_back();
>>                  if (db.names.empty())
>>                      return first;
>> -                db.names.back() = "dynamic_cast<" +
>> db.names.back().move_full() + ">(" + expr + ")";
>> +                db.names.back() = db.make<CastExpr>(
>> +                    "dynamic_cast", db.names.back(), from_expr);
>>                  first = t1;
>>              }
>>          }
>> @@ -870,11 +2172,12 @@ parse_reinterpret_cast_expr(const char*
>>              {
>>                  if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                      return first;
>> -                auto expr = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                auto from_expr = db.names.back();
>>                  db.names.pop_back();
>>                  if (db.names.empty())
>>                      return first;
>> -                db.names.back() = "reinterpret_cast<" +
>> db.names.back().move_full() + ">(" + expr + ")";
>> +                db.names.back() = db.make<CastExpr>(
>> +                    "reinterpret_cast", db.names.back(), from_expr);
>>                  first = t1;
>>              }
>>          }
>> @@ -897,9 +2200,10 @@ parse_static_cast_expr(const char* first
>>              {
>>                  if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                      return first;
>> -                auto expr = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                auto from_expr = db.names.back();
>>                  db.names.pop_back();
>> -                db.names.back() = "static_cast<" +
>> db.names.back().move_full() + ">(" + expr + ")";
>> +                db.names.back() = db.make<CastExpr>(
>> +                    "static_cast", db.names.back(), from_expr);
>>                  first = t1;
>>              }
>>          }
>> @@ -933,7 +2237,8 @@ parse_sizeof_type_expr(const char* first
>>          {
>>              if (db.names.empty())
>>                  return first;
>> -            db.names.back() = "sizeof (" + db.names.back().move_full() +
>> ")";
>> +            db.names.back() = db.make<EnclosingExpr>(
>> +                "sizeof (", db.names.back(), ")");
>>              first = t;
>>          }
>>      }
>> @@ -952,7 +2257,8 @@ parse_sizeof_expr_expr(const char* first
>>          {
>>              if (db.names.empty())
>>                  return first;
>> -            db.names.back() = "sizeof (" + db.names.back().move_full() +
>> ")";
>> +            db.names.back() = db.make<EnclosingExpr>(
>> +                "sizeof (", db.names.back(), ")");
>>              first = t;
>>          }
>>      }
>> @@ -969,30 +2275,21 @@ parse_sizeof_param_pack_expr(const char*
>>          size_t k0 = db.names.size();
>>          const char* t = parse_template_param(first+2, last, db);
>>          size_t k1 = db.names.size();
>> -        if (t != first+2)
>> +        if (t != first+2 && k0 <= k1)
>>          {
>> -            Db::String tmp("sizeof...(");
>> -            size_t k = k0;
>> -            if (k != k1)
>> -            {
>> -                tmp += db.names[k].move_full();
>> -                for (++k; k != k1; ++k)
>> -                    tmp += ", " + db.names[k].move_full();
>> -            }
>> -            tmp += ")";
>> -            for (; k1 != k0; --k1)
>> -                db.names.pop_back();
>> -            db.names.push_back(std::move(tmp));
>> +            Node* sizeof_expr = db.make<SizeofParamPackExpr>(
>> +                db.popTrailingNodeArray(k0));
>> +            db.names.push_back(sizeof_expr);
>>              first = t;
>>          }
>>      }
>>      return first;
>>  }
>>
>> -// <function-param> ::= fp <top-level CV-qualifiers> _
>>                    # L == 0, first parameter
>> -//                  ::= fp <top-level CV-qualifiers> <parameter-2
>> non-negative number> _   # L == 0, second and later parameters
>> -//                  ::= fL <L-1 non-negative number> p <top-level
>> CV-qualifiers> _         # L > 0, first parameter
>> -//                  ::= fL <L-1 non-negative number> p <top-level
>> CV-qualifiers> <parameter-2 non-negative number> _   # L > 0, second and
>> later parameters
>> +// <function-param> ::= fp <top-level CV-Qualifiers> _
>>                    # L == 0, first parameter
>> +//                  ::= fp <top-level CV-Qualifiers> <parameter-2
>> non-negative number> _   # L == 0, second and later parameters
>> +//                  ::= fL <L-1 non-negative number> p <top-level
>> CV-Qualifiers> _         # L > 0, first parameter
>> +//                  ::= fL <L-1 non-negative number> p <top-level
>> CV-Qualifiers> <parameter-2 non-negative number> _   # L > 0, second and
>> later parameters
>>
>>  const char*
>>  parse_function_param(const char* first, const char* last, Db& db)
>> @@ -1001,18 +2298,19 @@ parse_function_param(const char* first,
>>      {
>>          if (first[1] == 'p')
>>          {
>> -            unsigned cv;
>> +            Qualifiers cv;
>>              const char* t = parse_cv_qualifiers(first+2, last, cv);
>>              const char* t1 = parse_number(t, last);
>>              if (t1 != last && *t1 == '_')
>>              {
>> -                db.names.push_back("fp" + Db::String(t, t1));
>> +                db.names.push_back(
>> +                    db.make<FunctionParam>(StringView(t, t1)));
>>                  first = t1+1;
>>              }
>>          }
>>          else if (first[1] == 'L')
>>          {
>> -            unsigned cv;
>> +            Qualifiers cv;
>>              const char* t0 = parse_number(first+2, last);
>>              if (t0 != last && *t0 == 'p')
>>              {
>> @@ -1021,7 +2319,8 @@ parse_function_param(const char* first,
>>                  const char* t1 = parse_number(t, last);
>>                  if (t1 != last && *t1 == '_')
>>                  {
>> -                    db.names.push_back("fp" + Db::String(t, t1));
>> +                    db.names.push_back(
>> +                        db.make<FunctionParam>(StringView(t, t1)));
>>                      first = t1+1;
>>                  }
>>              }
>> @@ -1042,7 +2341,8 @@ parse_sizeof_function_param_pack_expr(co
>>          {
>>              if (db.names.empty())
>>                  return first;
>> -            db.names.back() = "sizeof...(" + db.names.back().move_full()
>> + ")";
>> +            db.names.back() = db.make<EnclosingExpr>(
>> +                "sizeof...(", db.names.back(), ")");
>>              first = t;
>>          }
>>      }
>> @@ -1066,7 +2366,8 @@ parse_typeid_expr(const char* first, con
>>          {
>>              if (db.names.empty())
>>                  return first;
>> -            db.names.back() = "typeid(" + db.names.back().move_full() +
>> ")";
>> +            db.names.back() = db.make<EnclosingExpr>(
>> +                "typeid(", db.names.back(), ")");
>>              first = t;
>>          }
>>      }
>> @@ -1085,7 +2386,7 @@ parse_throw_expr(const char* first, cons
>>          {
>>              if (db.names.empty())
>>                  return first;
>> -            db.names.back() = "throw " + db.names.back().move_full();
>> +            db.names.back() = db.make<ThrowExpr>(db.names.back());
>>              first = t;
>>          }
>>      }
>> @@ -1107,9 +2408,10 @@ parse_dot_star_expr(const char* first, c
>>              {
>>                  if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                      return first;
>> -                auto expr = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                auto rhs_expr = db.names.back();
>>                  db.names.pop_back();
>> -                db.names.back().first += ".*" + expr;
>> +                db.names.back() = db.make<MemberExpr>(
>> +                    db.names.back(), ".*", rhs_expr);
>>                  first = t1;
>>              }
>>          }
>> @@ -1132,9 +2434,10 @@ parse_simple_id(const char* first, const
>>              {
>>                  if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                      return first;
>> -                auto args = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                auto args = db.names.back();
>>                  db.names.pop_back();
>> -                db.names.back().first += std::move(args);
>> +                db.names.back() =
>> +                    db.make<NameWithTemplateArgs>(db.names.back(),
>> args);
>>              }
>>              first = t1;
>>          }
>> @@ -1196,7 +2499,8 @@ parse_unresolved_type(const char* first,
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.empty())
>>                              return first;
>> -                        db.names.back().first.insert(0, "std::");
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<StdQualifiedName>(db.names.back());
>>                          db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(1,
>> db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
>>                          first = t;
>>                      }
>> @@ -1223,7 +2527,7 @@ parse_destructor_name(const char* first,
>>          {
>>              if (db.names.empty())
>>                  return first;
>> -            db.names.back().first.insert(0, "~");
>> +            db.names.back() = db.make<DtorName>(db.names.back());
>>              first = t;
>>          }
>>      }
>> @@ -1255,9 +2559,11 @@ parse_base_unresolved_name(const char* f
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                              return first;
>> -                        auto args = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                        auto args = db.names.back();
>>                          db.names.pop_back();
>> -                        db.names.back().first += std::move(args);
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<NameWithTemplateArgs>(
>> +                                db.names.back(), args);
>>                      }
>>                  }
>>              }
>> @@ -1281,9 +2587,11 @@ parse_base_unresolved_name(const char* f
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                              return first;
>> -                        auto args = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                        auto args = db.names.back();
>>                          db.names.pop_back();
>> -                        db.names.back().first += std::move(args);
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<NameWithTemplateArgs>(
>> +                                db.names.back(), args);
>>                      }
>>                  }
>>              }
>> @@ -1331,7 +2639,8 @@ parse_unresolved_name(const char* first,
>>              {
>>                  if (db.names.empty())
>>                      return first;
>> -                db.names.back().first.insert(0, "::");
>> +                db.names.back() =
>> +                    db.make<GlobalQualifiedName>(db.names.back());
>>              }
>>              first = t2;
>>          }
>> @@ -1349,9 +2658,10 @@ parse_unresolved_name(const char* first,
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                          return first;
>> -                    auto args = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                    auto args = db.names.back();
>>                      db.names.pop_back();
>> -                    db.names.back().first += std::move(args);
>> +                    db.names.back() = db.make<NameWithTemplateArgs>(
>> +                        db.names.back(), args);
>>                      t = t1;
>>                      if (t == last)
>>                      {
>> @@ -1364,9 +2674,10 @@ parse_unresolved_name(const char* first,
>>                      t1 = parse_unresolved_qualifier_level(t, last, db);
>>                      if (t1 == t || t1 == last || db.names.size() < 2)
>>                          return first;
>> -                    auto s = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                    auto s = db.names.back();
>>                      db.names.pop_back();
>> -                    db.names.back().first += "::" + std::move(s);
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<QualifiedName>(db.names.back(), s);
>>                      t = t1;
>>                  }
>>                  ++t;
>> @@ -1379,9 +2690,10 @@ parse_unresolved_name(const char* first,
>>                  }
>>                  if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                      return first;
>> -                auto s = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                auto s = db.names.back();
>>                  db.names.pop_back();
>> -                db.names.back().first += "::" + std::move(s);
>> +                db.names.back() =
>> +                    db.make<QualifiedName>(db.names.back(), s);
>>                  first = t1;
>>              }
>>              else
>> @@ -1396,9 +2708,11 @@ parse_unresolved_name(const char* first,
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                              return first;
>> -                        auto args = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                        auto args = db.names.back();
>>                          db.names.pop_back();
>> -                        db.names.back().first += std::move(args);
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<NameWithTemplateArgs>(
>> +                                db.names.back(), args);
>>                          t = t1;
>>                      }
>>                      t1 = parse_base_unresolved_name(t, last, db);
>> @@ -1410,9 +2724,10 @@ parse_unresolved_name(const char* first,
>>                      }
>>                      if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                          return first;
>> -                    auto s = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                    auto s = db.names.back();
>>                      db.names.pop_back();
>> -                    db.names.back().first += "::" + std::move(s);
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<QualifiedName>(db.names.back(), s);
>>                      first = t1;
>>                  }
>>                  else
>> @@ -1425,16 +2740,19 @@ parse_unresolved_name(const char* first,
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.empty())
>>                              return first;
>> -                        db.names.back().first.insert(0, "::");
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<GlobalQualifiedName>(
>> +                                db.names.back());
>>                      }
>>                      while (*t != 'E')
>>                      {
>>                          t1 = parse_unresolved_qualifier_level(t, last,
>> db);
>>                          if (t1 == t || t1 == last || db.names.size() < 2)
>>                              return first;
>> -                        auto s = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                        auto s = db.names.back();
>>                          db.names.pop_back();
>> -                        db.names.back().first += "::" + std::move(s);
>> +                        db.names.back() = db.make<QualifiedName>(
>> +                            db.names.back(), s);
>>                          t = t1;
>>                      }
>>                      ++t;
>> @@ -1447,9 +2765,10 @@ parse_unresolved_name(const char* first,
>>                      }
>>                      if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                          return first;
>> -                    auto s = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                    auto s = db.names.back();
>>                      db.names.pop_back();
>> -                    db.names.back().first += "::" + std::move(s);
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<QualifiedName>(db.names.back(), s);
>>                      first = t1;
>>                  }
>>              }
>> @@ -1473,11 +2792,11 @@ parse_dot_expr(const char* first, const
>>              {
>>                  if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                      return first;
>> -                auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                auto name = db.names.back();
>>                  db.names.pop_back();
>>                  if (db.names.empty())
>>                      return first;
>> -                db.names.back().first += "." + name;
>> +                db.names.back() = db.make<MemberExpr>(db.names.back(),
>> ".", name);
>>                  first = t1;
>>              }
>>          }
>> @@ -1493,44 +2812,25 @@ parse_call_expr(const char* first, const
>>      if (last - first >= 4 && first[0] == 'c' && first[1] == 'l')
>>      {
>>          const char* t = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
>> -        if (t != first+2)
>> +        if (t == last || t == first + 2 || db.names.empty())
>> +            return first;
>> +        Node* callee = db.names.back();
>> +        db.names.pop_back();
>> +        size_t args_begin = db.names.size();
>> +        while (*t != 'E')
>>          {
>> -            if (t == last)
>> -                return first;
>> -            if (db.names.empty())
>> -                return first;
>> -            db.names.back().first += db.names.back().second;
>> -            db.names.back().second = Db::String();
>> -            db.names.back().first.append("(");
>> -            bool first_expr = true;
>> -            while (*t != 'E')
>> -            {
>> -                const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
>> -                if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
>> -                    return first;
>> -                if (db.names.empty())
>> -                    return first;
>> -                auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
>> -                db.names.pop_back();
>> -                if (!tmp.empty())
>> -                {
>> -                    if (db.names.empty())
>> -                        return first;
>> -                    if (!first_expr)
>> -                    {
>> -                        db.names.back().first.append(", ");
>> -                        first_expr = false;
>> -                    }
>> -                    db.names.back().first.append(tmp);
>> -                }
>> -                t = t1;
>> -            }
>> -            ++t;
>> -            if (db.names.empty())
>> +            const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
>> +            if (t1 == last || t1 == t)
>>                  return first;
>> -            db.names.back().first.append(")");
>> -            first = t;
>> +            t = t1;
>>          }
>> +        if (db.names.size() < args_begin)
>> +            return first;
>> +        ++t;
>> +        CallExpr* the_call = db.make<CallExpr>(
>> +            callee, db.popTrailingNodeArray(args_begin));
>> +        db.names.push_back(the_call);
>> +        first = t;
>>      }
>>      return first;
>>  }
>> @@ -1559,31 +2859,18 @@ parse_new_expr(const char* first, const
>>              t += 2;
>>              if (t == last)
>>                  return first;
>> -            bool has_expr_list = false;
>> -            bool first_expr = true;
>> +            size_t first_expr_in_list = db.names.size();
>> +            NodeArray ExprList, init_list;
>>              while (*t != '_')
>>              {
>>                  const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
>>                  if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
>>                      return first;
>> -                has_expr_list = true;
>> -                if (!first_expr)
>> -                {
>> -                    if (db.names.empty())
>> -                        return first;
>> -                    auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
>> -                    db.names.pop_back();
>> -                    if (!tmp.empty())
>> -                    {
>> -                        if (db.names.empty())
>> -                            return first;
>> -                        db.names.back().first.append(", ");
>> -                        db.names.back().first.append(tmp);
>> -                        first_expr = false;
>> -                    }
>> -                }
>>                  t = t1;
>>              }
>> +            if (first_expr_in_list < db.names.size())
>> +                return first;
>> +            ExprList = db.popTrailingNodeArray(first_expr_in_list);
>>              ++t;
>>              const char* t1 = parse_type(t, last, db);
>>              if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
>> @@ -1594,65 +2881,25 @@ parse_new_expr(const char* first, const
>>              {
>>                  t += 2;
>>                  has_init = true;
>> -                first_expr = true;
>> +                size_t init_list_begin = db.names.size();
>>                  while (*t != 'E')
>>                  {
>>                      t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
>>                      if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
>>                          return first;
>> -                    if (!first_expr)
>> -                    {
>> -                        if (db.names.empty())
>> -                            return first;
>> -                        auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
>> -                        db.names.pop_back();
>> -                        if (!tmp.empty())
>> -                        {
>> -                            if (db.names.empty())
>> -                                return first;
>> -                            db.names.back().first.append(", ");
>> -                            db.names.back().first.append(tmp);
>> -                            first_expr = false;
>> -                        }
>> -                    }
>>                      t = t1;
>>                  }
>> -            }
>> -            if (*t != 'E')
>> -                return first;
>> -            Db::String init_list;
>> -            if (has_init)
>> -            {
>> -                if (db.names.empty())
>> +                if (init_list_begin < db.names.size())
>>                      return first;
>> -                init_list = db.names.back().move_full();
>> -                db.names.pop_back();
>> +                init_list = db.popTrailingNodeArray(init_list_begin);
>>              }
>> -            if (db.names.empty())
>> +            if (*t != 'E')
>>                  return first;
>> -            auto type = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +            auto type = db.names.back();
>>              db.names.pop_back();
>> -            Db::String expr_list;
>> -            if (has_expr_list)
>> -            {
>> -                if (db.names.empty())
>> -                    return first;
>> -                expr_list = db.names.back().move_full();
>> -                db.names.pop_back();
>> -            }
>> -            Db::String r;
>> -            if (parsed_gs)
>> -                r = "::";
>> -            if (is_array)
>> -                r += "[] ";
>> -            else
>> -                r += " ";
>> -            if (has_expr_list)
>> -                r += "(" + expr_list + ") ";
>> -            r += type;
>> -            if (has_init)
>> -                r += " (" + init_list + ")";
>> -            db.names.push_back(std::move(r));
>> +            db.names.push_back(
>> +                db.make<NewExpr>(ExprList, type, init_list,
>> +                                  parsed_gs, is_array));
>>              first = t+1;
>>          }
>>      }
>> @@ -1669,10 +2916,12 @@ parse_conversion_expr(const char* first,
>>      {
>>          bool try_to_parse_template_args = db.try_to_parse_template_args;
>>          db.try_to_parse_template_args = false;
>> +        size_t type_begin = db.names.size();
>>          const char* t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
>>          db.try_to_parse_template_args = try_to_parse_template_args;
>>          if (t != first+2 && t != last)
>>          {
>> +            size_t ExprList_begin = db.names.size();
>>              if (*t != '_')
>>              {
>>                  const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
>> @@ -1685,41 +2934,30 @@ parse_conversion_expr(const char* first,
>>                  ++t;
>>                  if (t == last)
>>                      return first;
>> -                if (*t == 'E')
>> -                    db.names.emplace_back();
>> -                else
>> +                if (*t != 'E')
>>                  {
>> -                    bool first_expr = true;
>>                      while (*t != 'E')
>>                      {
>>                          const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
>>                          if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
>>                              return first;
>> -                        if (!first_expr)
>> -                        {
>> -                            if (db.names.empty())
>> -                                return first;
>> -                            auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
>> -                            db.names.pop_back();
>> -                            if (!tmp.empty())
>> -                            {
>> -                                if (db.names.empty())
>> -                                    return first;
>> -                                db.names.back().first.append(", ");
>> -                                db.names.back().first.append(tmp);
>> -                                first_expr = false;
>> -                            }
>> -                        }
>>                          t = t1;
>>                      }
>>                  }
>>                  ++t;
>>              }
>> -            if (db.names.size() < 2)
>> +            if (db.names.size() < ExprList_begin)
>>                  return first;
>> -            auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
>> -            db.names.pop_back();
>> -            db.names.back() = "(" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")(" +
>> tmp + ")";
>> +            NodeArray expressions = db.makeNodeArray(
>> +                db.names.begin() + (long)ExprList_begin, db.names.end());
>> +            NodeArray types = db.makeNodeArray(
>> +                db.names.begin() + (long)type_begin,
>> +                db.names.begin() + (long)ExprList_begin);
>> +            auto* conv_expr = db.make<ConversionExpr>(
>> +                types, expressions);
>> +            db.names.erase(
>> +                db.names.begin() + (long)type_begin, db.names.end());
>> +            db.names.push_back(conv_expr);
>>              first = t;
>>          }
>>      }
>> @@ -1741,10 +2979,10 @@ parse_arrow_expr(const char* first, cons
>>              {
>>                  if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                      return first;
>> -                auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                auto tmp = db.names.back();
>>                  db.names.pop_back();
>> -                db.names.back().first += "->";
>> -                db.names.back().first += tmp;
>> +                db.names.back() = db.make<MemberExpr>(
>> +                    db.names.back(), "->", tmp);
>>                  first = t1;
>>              }
>>          }
>> @@ -1772,11 +3010,13 @@ parse_function_type(const char* first, c
>>                      return first;
>>              }
>>              const char* t1 = parse_type(t, last, db);
>> -            if (t1 != t)
>> +            if (t1 != t && !db.names.empty())
>>              {
>> +                Node* ret_type = db.names.back();
>> +                db.names.pop_back();
>> +                size_t params_begin = db.names.size();
>>                  t = t1;
>> -                Db::String sig("(");
>> -                int ref_qual = 0;
>> +                FunctionRefQual RefQuals = FrefQualNone;
>>                  while (true)
>>                  {
>>                      if (t == last)
>> @@ -1797,45 +3037,30 @@ parse_function_type(const char* first, c
>>                      }
>>                      if (*t == 'R' && t+1 != last && t[1] == 'E')
>>                      {
>> -                        ref_qual = 1;
>> +                        RefQuals = FrefQualLValue;
>>                          ++t;
>>                          continue;
>>                      }
>>                      if (*t == 'O' && t+1 != last && t[1] == 'E')
>>                      {
>> -                        ref_qual = 2;
>> +                        RefQuals = FrefQualRValue;
>>                          ++t;
>>                          continue;
>>                      }
>>                      size_t k0 = db.names.size();
>>                      t1 = parse_type(t, last, db);
>>                      size_t k1 = db.names.size();
>> -                    if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
>> +                    if (t1 == t || t1 == last || k1 < k0)
>>                          return first;
>> -                    for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
>> -                    {
>> -                        if (sig.size() > 1)
>> -                            sig += ", ";
>> -                        sig += db.names[k].move_full();
>> -                    }
>> -                    for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
>> -                        db.names.pop_back();
>>                      t = t1;
>>                  }
>> -                sig += ")";
>> -                switch (ref_qual)
>> -                {
>> -                case 1:
>> -                    sig += " &";
>> -                    break;
>> -                case 2:
>> -                    sig += " &&";
>> -                    break;
>> -                }
>>                  if (db.names.empty())
>>                      return first;
>> -                db.names.back().first += " ";
>> -                db.names.back().second.insert(0, sig);
>> +                Node* fty = db.make<FunctionType>(
>> +                    ret_type, db.popTrailingNodeArray(params_begin));
>> +                if (RefQuals)
>> +                    fty = db.make<FunctionRefQualType>(fty, RefQuals);
>> +                db.names.push_back(fty);
>>                  first = t;
>>              }
>>          }
>> @@ -1860,17 +3085,9 @@ parse_pointer_to_member_type(const char*
>>                      return first;
>>                  auto func = std::move(db.names.back());
>>                  db.names.pop_back();
>> -                auto class_type = std::move(db.names.back());
>> -                if (!func.second.empty() && func.second.front() == '(')
>> -                {
>> -                    db.names.back().first = std::move(func.first) + "("
>> + class_type.move_full() + "::*";
>> -                    db.names.back().second = ")" +
>> std::move(func.second);
>> -                }
>> -                else
>> -                {
>> -                    db.names.back().first = std::move(func.first) + " "
>> + class_type.move_full() + "::*";
>> -                    db.names.back().second = std::move(func.second);
>> -                }
>> +                auto ClassType = std::move(db.names.back());
>> +                db.names.back() =
>> +                    db.make<PointerToMemberType>(ClassType, func);
>>                  first = t2;
>>              }
>>          }
>> @@ -1893,9 +3110,7 @@ parse_array_type(const char* first, cons
>>              {
>>                  if (db.names.empty())
>>                      return first;
>> -                if (db.names.back().second.substr(0, 2) == " [")
>> -                    db.names.back().second.erase(0, 1);
>> -                db.names.back().second.insert(0, " []");
>> +                db.names.back() = db.make<ArrayType>(db.names.back());
>>                  first = t;
>>              }
>>          }
>> @@ -1909,9 +3124,9 @@ parse_array_type(const char* first, cons
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    if (db.names.back().second.substr(0, 2) == " [")
>> -                        db.names.back().second.erase(0, 1);
>> -                    db.names.back().second.insert(0, " [" +
>> Db::String(first+1, t) + "]");
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<ArrayType>(db.names.back(),
>> +                                            StringView(first + 1, t));
>>                      first = t2;
>>                  }
>>              }
>> @@ -1926,13 +3141,11 @@ parse_array_type(const char* first, cons
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                          return first;
>> -                    auto type = std::move(db.names.back());
>> +                    auto base_type = std::move(db.names.back());
>>                      db.names.pop_back();
>> -                    auto expr = std::move(db.names.back());
>> -                    db.names.back().first = std::move(type.first);
>> -                    if (type.second.substr(0, 2) == " [")
>> -                        type.second.erase(0, 1);
>> -                    db.names.back().second = " [" + expr.move_full() +
>> "]" + std::move(type.second);
>> +                    auto dimension_expr = std::move(db.names.back());
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<ArrayType>(base_type, dimension_expr);
>>                      first = t2;
>>                  }
>>              }
>> @@ -1959,7 +3172,8 @@ parse_decltype(const char* first, const
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    db.names.back() = "decltype(" +
>> db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
>> +                    db.names.back() = db.make<EnclosingExpr>(
>> +                        "decltype(", db.names.back(), ")");
>>                      first = t+1;
>>                  }
>>              }
>> @@ -1997,21 +3211,24 @@ parse_vector_type(const char* first, con
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.empty())
>>                              return first;
>> -                        db.names.back().first += " vector[" +
>> Db::String(num, sz) + "]";
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<VectorType>(db.names.back(),
>> +                                                 StringView(num, num +
>> sz));
>>                          first = t1;
>>                      }
>>                  }
>>                  else
>>                  {
>>                      ++t;
>> -                    db.names.push_back("pixel vector[" + Db::String(num,
>> sz) + "]");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(
>> +                        db.make<VectorType>(StringView(num, num + sz)));
>>                      first = t;
>>                  }
>>              }
>>          }
>>          else
>>          {
>> -            Db::String num;
>> +            Node* num = nullptr;
>>              const char* t1 = first+2;
>>              if (*t1 != '_')
>>              {
>> @@ -2020,7 +3237,7 @@ parse_vector_type(const char* first, con
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    num = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                    num = db.names.back();
>>                      db.names.pop_back();
>>                      t1 = t;
>>                  }
>> @@ -2032,9 +3249,15 @@ parse_vector_type(const char* first, con
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first += " vector[" + num + "]";
>> +                    if (num)
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<VectorType>(db.names.back(), num);
>> +                    else
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<VectorType>(db.names.back(),
>> StringView());
>>                      first = t;
>> -                }
>> +                } else if (num)
>> +                    db.names.push_back(num);
>>              }
>>          }
>>      }
>> @@ -2050,7 +3273,7 @@ parse_vector_type(const char* first, con
>>  //        ::= <template-template-param> <template-args>
>>  //        ::= <decltype>
>>  //        ::= <substitution>
>> -//        ::= <CV-qualifiers> <type>
>> +//        ::= <CV-Qualifiers> <type>
>>  //        ::= P <type>        # pointer-to
>>  //        ::= R <type>        # reference-to
>>  //        ::= O <type>        # rvalue reference-to (C++0x)
>> @@ -2075,7 +3298,7 @@ parse_type(const char* first, const char
>>              case 'V':
>>              case 'K':
>>                {
>> -                unsigned cv = 0;
>> +                Qualifiers cv = QualNone;
>>                  const char* t = parse_cv_qualifiers(first, last, cv);
>>                  if (t != first)
>>                  {
>> @@ -2090,35 +3313,13 @@ parse_type(const char* first, const char
>>                          db.subs.emplace_back(db.names.get_allocator());
>>                          for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
>>                          {
>> -                            if (is_function)
>> -                            {
>> -                                size_t p = db.names[k].second.size();
>> -                                if (db.names[k].second[p - 2] == '&' &&
>> -                                    db.names[k].second[p - 1] == '&')
>> -                                    p -= 2;
>> -                                else if (db.names[k].second.back() ==
>> '&')
>> -                                    p -= 1;
>> -                                if (cv & 1)
>> -                                {
>> -                                    db.names[k].second.insert(p, "
>> const");
>> -                                    p += 6;
>> -                                }
>> -                                if (cv & 2)
>> -                                {
>> -                                    db.names[k].second.insert(p, "
>> volatile");
>> -                                    p += 9;
>> -                                }
>> -                                if (cv & 4)
>> -                                    db.names[k].second.insert(p, "
>> restrict");
>> -                            }
>> -                            else
>> -                            {
>> -                                if (cv & 1)
>> -                                    db.names[k].first.append(" const");
>> -                                if (cv & 2)
>> -                                    db.names[k].first.append("
>> volatile");
>> -                                if (cv & 4)
>> -                                    db.names[k].first.append("
>> restrict");
>> +                            if (cv) {
>> +                                if (is_function)
>> +                                    db.names[k] =
>> db.make<FunctionQualType>(
>> +                                        db.names[k], cv);
>> +                                else
>> +                                    db.names[k] =
>> +                                        db.make<QualType>(db.names[k],
>> cv);
>>                              }
>>                              db.subs.back().push_back(db.names[k]);
>>                          }
>> @@ -2154,7 +3355,8 @@ parse_type(const char* first, const char
>>                          {
>>                              if (db.names.empty())
>>                                  return first;
>> -                            db.names.back().first.append(" complex");
>> +                            db.names.back() =
>> db.make<PostfixQualifiedType>(
>> +                                db.names.back(), " complex");
>>                              first = t;
>>                              db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(1,
>> db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
>>                          }
>> @@ -2175,7 +3377,8 @@ parse_type(const char* first, const char
>>                          {
>>                              if (db.names.empty())
>>                                  return first;
>> -                            db.names.back().first.append(" imaginary");
>> +                            db.names.back() =
>> db.make<PostfixQualifiedType>(
>> +                                db.names.back(), " imaginary");
>>                              first = t;
>>                              db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(1,
>> db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
>>                          }
>> @@ -2200,18 +3403,8 @@ parse_type(const char* first, const char
>>                              db.subs.emplace_back(db.
>> names.get_allocator());
>>                              for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
>>                              {
>> -                                if (db.names[k].second.substr(0, 2) == "
>> [")
>> -                                {
>> -                                    db.names[k].first += " (";
>> -                                    db.names[k].second.insert(0, ")");
>> -                                }
>> -                                else if (!db.names[k].second.empty() &&
>> -                                          db.names[k].second.front() ==
>> '(')
>> -                                {
>> -                                    db.names[k].first += "(";
>> -                                    db.names[k].second.insert(0, ")");
>> -                                }
>> -                                db.names[k].first.append("&&");
>> +                                db.names[k] =
>> +                                    db.make<RValueReferenceType>(d
>> b.names[k]);
>>                                  db.subs.back().push_back(db.names[k]);
>>                              }
>>                              first = t;
>> @@ -2228,25 +3421,7 @@ parse_type(const char* first, const char
>>                              db.subs.emplace_back(db.
>> names.get_allocator());
>>                              for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
>>                              {
>> -                                if (db.names[k].second.substr(0, 2) == "
>> [")
>> -                                {
>> -                                    db.names[k].first += " (";
>> -                                    db.names[k].second.insert(0, ")");
>> -                                }
>> -                                else if (!db.names[k].second.empty() &&
>> -                                          db.names[k].second.front() ==
>> '(')
>> -                                {
>> -                                    db.names[k].first += "(";
>> -                                    db.names[k].second.insert(0, ")");
>> -                                }
>> -                                if (first[1] != 'U' ||
>> db.names[k].first.substr(0, 12) != "objc_object<")
>> -                                {
>> -                                    db.names[k].first.append("*");
>> -                                }
>> -                                else
>> -                                {
>> -                                    db.names[k].first.replace(0, 11,
>> "id");
>> -                                }
>> +                                db.names[k] =
>> db.make<PointerType>(db.names[k]);
>>                                  db.subs.back().push_back(db.names[k]);
>>                              }
>>                              first = t;
>> @@ -2263,18 +3438,8 @@ parse_type(const char* first, const char
>>                              db.subs.emplace_back(db.
>> names.get_allocator());
>>                              for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
>>                              {
>> -                                if (db.names[k].second.substr(0, 2) == "
>> [")
>> -                                {
>> -                                    db.names[k].first += " (";
>> -                                    db.names[k].second.insert(0, ")");
>> -                                }
>> -                                else if (!db.names[k].second.empty() &&
>> -                                          db.names[k].second.front() ==
>> '(')
>> -                                {
>> -                                    db.names[k].first += "(";
>> -                                    db.names[k].second.insert(0, ")");
>> -                                }
>> -                                db.names[k].first.append("&");
>> +                                db.names[k] =
>> +                                    db.make<LValueReferenceType>(d
>> b.names[k]);
>>                                  db.subs.back().push_back(db.names[k]);
>>                              }
>>                              first = t;
>> @@ -2296,10 +3461,14 @@ parse_type(const char* first, const char
>>                                  const char* t1 = parse_template_args(t,
>> last, db);
>>                                  if (t1 != t)
>>                                  {
>> -                                    auto args =
>> db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                                    auto args = db.names.back();
>>                                      db.names.pop_back();
>> -                                    db.names.back().first +=
>> std::move(args);
>> -                                    db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(1,
>> db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
>> +                                    db.names.back() = db.make<
>> +                                        NameWithTemplateArgs>(
>> +                                        db.names.back(), args);
>> +                                    db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(
>> +                                        1, db.names.back(),
>> +                                        db.names.get_allocator()));
>>                                      t = t1;
>>                                  }
>>                              }
>> @@ -2318,24 +3487,25 @@ parse_type(const char* first, const char
>>                                  {
>>                                      if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                                          return first;
>> -                                    auto type =
>> db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                                    auto type = db.names.back();
>>                                      db.names.pop_back();
>> -                                    if (db.names.back().first.substr(0,
>> 9) != "objcproto")
>> +                                    if (db.names.back()->K !=
>> Node::KNameType ||
>> +                                        !static_cast<NameType*>(db.nam
>> es.back())->getName().startsWith("objcproto"))
>>                                      {
>> -                                        db.names.back() = type + " " +
>> db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                                        db.names.back() =
>> db.make<VendorExtQualType>(type, db.names.back());
>>                                      }
>>                                      else
>>                                      {
>> -                                        auto proto =
>> db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                                        auto* proto =
>> static_cast<NameType*>(db.names.back());
>>                                          db.names.pop_back();
>> -                                        t =
>> parse_source_name(proto.data() + 9, proto.data() + proto.size(), db);
>> -                                        if (t != proto.data() + 9)
>> +                                        t =
>> parse_source_name(proto->getName().begin() + 9, proto->getName().end(),
>> db);
>> +                                        if (t !=
>> proto->getName().begin() + 9)
>>                                          {
>> -                                            db.names.back() = type + "<"
>> + db.names.back().move_full() + ">";
>> +                                            db.names.back() =
>> db.make<ObjCProtoName>(type, db.names.back());
>>                                          }
>>                                          else
>>                                          {
>> -                                            db.names.push_back(type + "
>> " + proto);
>> +
>> db.names.push_back(db.make<VendorExtQualType>(type, proto));
>>                                          }
>>                                      }
>>                                      db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(1,
>> db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
>> @@ -2371,9 +3541,11 @@ parse_type(const char* first, const char
>>                                      {
>>                                          if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                                              return first;
>> -                                        auto template_args =
>> db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                                        auto template_args =
>> db.names.back();
>>                                          db.names.pop_back();
>> -                                        db.names.back().first +=
>> template_args;
>> +                                        db.names.back() = db.make<
>> +                                          NameWithTemplateArgs>(
>> +                                              db.names.back(),
>> template_args);
>>                                          // Need to create substitution
>> for <template-template-param> <template-args>
>>                                          db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(1,
>> db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
>>                                          first = t;
>> @@ -2520,20 +3692,20 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>              switch (first[1])
>>              {
>>              case 'a':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator&&");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator&&"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'd':
>>              case 'n':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator&");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator&"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'N':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator&=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator&="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'S':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              }
>> @@ -2542,15 +3714,15 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>              switch (first[1])
>>              {
>>              case 'l':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator()");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator()"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'm':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator,");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator,"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'o':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator~");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator~"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'v':
>> @@ -2563,7 +3735,8 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.empty())
>>                              return first;
>> -                        db.names.back().first.insert(0, "operator ");
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<ConversionOperatorType
>> >(db.names.back());
>>                          db.parsed_ctor_dtor_cv = true;
>>                          first = t;
>>                      }
>> @@ -2575,23 +3748,23 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>              switch (first[1])
>>              {
>>              case 'a':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator delete[]");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator
>> delete[]"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'e':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator*");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator*"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'l':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator delete");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator
>> delete"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'v':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator/");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator/"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'V':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator/=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator/="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              }
>> @@ -2600,15 +3773,15 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>              switch (first[1])
>>              {
>>              case 'o':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator^");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator^"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'O':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator^=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator^="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'q':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator==");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator=="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              }
>> @@ -2617,11 +3790,11 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>              switch (first[1])
>>              {
>>              case 'e':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator>=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator>="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 't':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator>");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator>"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              }
>> @@ -2629,7 +3802,7 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>          case 'i':
>>              if (first[1] == 'x')
>>              {
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator[]");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator[]"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>              }
>>              break;
>> @@ -2637,7 +3810,7 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>              switch (first[1])
>>              {
>>              case 'e':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator<=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator<="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'i':
>> @@ -2647,21 +3820,22 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.empty())
>>                              return first;
>> -                        db.names.back().first.insert(0, "operator\"\"
>> ");
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<LiteralOperator>(db.names.back());
>>                          first = t;
>>                      }
>>                  }
>>                  break;
>>              case 's':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator<<");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator<<"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'S':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator<<=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator<<="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 't':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator<");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator<"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              }
>> @@ -2670,23 +3844,23 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>              switch (first[1])
>>              {
>>              case 'i':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator-");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator-"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'I':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator-=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator-="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'l':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator*");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator*"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'L':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator*=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator*="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'm':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator--");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator--"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              }
>> @@ -2695,23 +3869,23 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>              switch (first[1])
>>              {
>>              case 'a':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator new[]");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator new[]"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'e':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator!=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator!="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'g':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator-");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator-"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 't':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator!");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator!"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'w':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator new");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator new"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              }
>> @@ -2720,15 +3894,15 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>              switch (first[1])
>>              {
>>              case 'o':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator||");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator||"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'r':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator|");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator|"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'R':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator|=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator|="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              }
>> @@ -2737,27 +3911,27 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>              switch (first[1])
>>              {
>>              case 'm':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator->*");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator->*"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'l':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator+");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator+"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'L':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator+=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator+="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'p':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator++");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator++"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 's':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator+");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator+"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 't':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator->");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator->"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              }
>> @@ -2765,7 +3939,7 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>          case 'q':
>>              if (first[1] == 'u')
>>              {
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator?");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator?"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>              }
>>              break;
>> @@ -2773,19 +3947,19 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>              switch (first[1])
>>              {
>>              case 'm':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator%");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator%"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'M':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator%=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator%="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 's':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator>>");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator>>"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'S':
>> -                db.names.push_back("operator>>=");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("operator>>="));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              }
>> @@ -2798,7 +3972,8 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first.insert(0, "operator ");
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<ConversionOperatorType
>> >(db.names.back());
>>                      first = t;
>>                  }
>>              }
>> @@ -2809,23 +3984,13 @@ parse_operator_name(const char* first, c
>>  }
>>
>>  const char*
>> -parse_integer_literal(const char* first, const char* last, const
>> Db::String& lit, Db& db)
>> +parse_integer_literal(const char* first, const char* last, StringView
>> lit, Db& db)
>>  {
>>      const char* t = parse_number(first, last);
>>      if (t != first && t != last && *t == 'E')
>>      {
>> -        if (lit.size() > 3)
>> -            db.names.push_back("(" + lit + ")");
>> -        else
>> -            db.names.emplace_back();
>> -        if (*first == 'n')
>> -        {
>> -            db.names.back().first += '-';
>> -            ++first;
>> -        }
>> -        db.names.back().first.append(first, t);
>> -        if (lit.size() <= 3)
>> -            db.names.back().first += lit;
>> +        db.names.push_back(
>> +            db.make<IntegerExpr>(lit, StringView(first, t)));
>>          first = t+1;
>>      }
>>      return first;
>> @@ -2858,11 +4023,11 @@ parse_expr_primary(const char* first, co
>>                  switch (first[2])
>>                  {
>>                  case '0':
>> -                    db.names.push_back("false");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<BoolExpr>(0));
>>                      first += 4;
>>                      break;
>>                  case '1':
>> -                    db.names.push_back("true");
>> +                    db.names.push_back(db.make<BoolExpr>(1));
>>                      first += 4;
>>                      break;
>>                  }
>> @@ -3007,7 +4172,8 @@ parse_expr_primary(const char* first, co
>>                          {
>>                              if (db.names.empty())
>>                                  return first;
>> -                            db.names.back() = "(" +
>> db.names.back().move_full() + ")" + Db::String(t, n);
>> +                            db.names.back() = db.make<IntegerCastExpr>(
>> +                                db.names.back(), StringView(t, n));
>>                              first = n+1;
>>                              break;
>>                          }
>> @@ -3024,69 +4190,22 @@ parse_expr_primary(const char* first, co
>>      return first;
>>  }
>>
>> -template <class String>
>> -String
>> -base_name(String& s)
>> +Node* maybe_change_special_sub_name(Node* inp, Db& db)
>>  {
>> -    if (s.empty())
>> -        return s;
>> -    if (s == "std::string")
>> -    {
>> -        s = "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>,
>> std::allocator<char> >";
>> -        return "basic_string";
>> -    }
>> -    if (s == "std::istream")
>> -    {
>> -        s = "std::basic_istream<char, std::char_traits<char> >";
>> -        return "basic_istream";
>> -    }
>> -    if (s == "std::ostream")
>> -    {
>> -        s = "std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >";
>> -        return "basic_ostream";
>> -    }
>> -    if (s == "std::iostream")
>> -    {
>> -        s = "std::basic_iostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >";
>> -        return "basic_iostream";
>> -    }
>> -    const char* const pf = s.data();
>> -    const char* pe = pf + s.size();
>> -    if (pe[-1] == '>')
>> -    {
>> -        unsigned c = 1;
>> -        while (true)
>> -        {
>> -            if (--pe == pf)
>> -                return String();
>> -            if (pe[-1] == '<')
>> -            {
>> -                if (--c == 0)
>> -                {
>> -                    --pe;
>> -                    break;
>> -                }
>> -            }
>> -            else if (pe[-1] == '>')
>> -                ++c;
>> -        }
>> +    if (inp->K != Node::KSpecialSubstitution)
>> +        return inp;
>> +    auto Kind = static_cast<SpecialSubstitution*>(inp)->SSK;
>> +    switch (Kind)
>> +    {
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::string:
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::istream:
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::ostream:
>> +    case SpecialSubKind::iostream:
>> +        return db.make<ExpandedSpecialSubstitution>(Kind);
>> +    default:
>> +        break;
>>      }
>> -    if (pe - pf <= 1)
>> -      return String();
>> -    const char* p0 = pe - 1;
>> -    for (; p0 != pf; --p0)
>> -    {
>> -        if (*p0 == ':')
>> -        {
>> -            ++p0;
>> -            break;
>> -        }
>> -        if (!isalpha(*p0) && !isdigit(*p0) && *p0 != '_')
>> -        {
>> -            return String();
>> -        }
>> -    }
>> -    return String(p0, pe);
>> +    return inp;
>>  }
>>
>>  // <ctor-dtor-name> ::= C1    # complete object constructor
>> @@ -3114,7 +4233,10 @@ parse_ctor_dtor_name(const char* first,
>>              case '5':
>>                  if (db.names.empty())
>>                      return first;
>> -                db.names.push_back(base_name(db.names.back().first));
>> +                db.names.back() =
>> +                    maybe_change_special_sub_name(db.names.back(), db);
>> +                db.names.push_back(
>> +                    db.make<CtorDtorName>(db.names.back(), false));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  db.parsed_ctor_dtor_cv = true;
>>                  break;
>> @@ -3129,7 +4251,8 @@ parse_ctor_dtor_name(const char* first,
>>              case '5':
>>                  if (db.names.empty())
>>                      return first;
>> -                db.names.push_back("~" + base_name(db.names.back().firs
>> t));
>> +                db.names.push_back(
>> +                    db.make<CtorDtorName>(db.names.back(), true));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  db.parsed_ctor_dtor_cv = true;
>>                  break;
>> @@ -3157,106 +4280,63 @@ parse_unnamed_type_name(const char* firs
>>          {
>>          case 't':
>>            {
>> -            db.names.push_back(Db::String("'unnamed"));
>>              const char* t0 = first+2;
>>              if (t0 == last)
>> -            {
>> -                db.names.pop_back();
>>                  return first;
>> -            }
>> +            StringView count;
>>              if (std::isdigit(*t0))
>>              {
>>                  const char* t1 = t0 + 1;
>>                  while (t1 != last && std::isdigit(*t1))
>>                      ++t1;
>> -                db.names.back().first.append(t0, t1);
>> +                count = StringView(t0, t1);
>>                  t0 = t1;
>>              }
>> -            db.names.back().first.push_back('\'');
>>              if (t0 == last || *t0 != '_')
>> -            {
>> -                db.names.pop_back();
>>                  return first;
>> -            }
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<UnnamedTypeName>(count));
>>              first = t0 + 1;
>>            }
>>              break;
>>          case 'l':
>>            {
>> -            size_t lambda_pos = db.names.size();
>> -            db.names.push_back(Db::String("'lambda'("));
>> +            size_t begin_pos = db.names.size();
>>              const char* t0 = first+2;
>> +            NodeArray lambda_params;
>>              if (first[2] == 'v')
>>              {
>> -                db.names.back().first += ')';
>>                  ++t0;
>>              }
>>              else
>>              {
>> -                bool is_first_it = true;
>>                  while (true)
>>                  {
>> -                    long k0 = static_cast<long>(db.names.size());
>>                      const char* t1 = parse_type(t0, last, db);
>> -                    long k1 = static_cast<long>(db.names.size());
>>                      if (t1 == t0)
>>                          break;
>> -                    if (k0 >= k1)
>> -                        return first;
>> -                    // If the call to parse_type above found a pack
>> expansion
>> -                    // substitution, then multiple names could have been
>> -                    // inserted into the name table. Walk through the
>> names,
>> -                    // appending each onto the lambda's parameter list.
>> -                    std::for_each(db.names.begin() + k0,
>> db.names.begin() + k1,
>> -                                  [&](Db::sub_type::value_type &pair) {
>> -                                      if (pair.empty())
>> -                                          return;
>> -                                      auto &lambda =
>> db.names[lambda_pos].first;
>> -                                      if (!is_first_it)
>> -                                          lambda.append(", ");
>> -                                      is_first_it = false;
>> -                                      lambda.append(pair.move_full());
>> -                                  });
>> -                    db.names.erase(db.names.begin() + k0,
>> db.names.end());
>>                      t0 = t1;
>>                  }
>> -                if (is_first_it)
>> -                {
>> -                    if (!db.names.empty())
>> -                        db.names.pop_back();
>> +                if (db.names.size() < begin_pos)
>>                      return first;
>> -                }
>> -                if (db.names.empty() || db.names.size() - 1 !=
>> lambda_pos)
>> -                  return first;
>> -                db.names.back().first.append(")");
>> +                lambda_params = db.popTrailingNodeArray(begin_pos);
>>              }
>>              if (t0 == last || *t0 != 'E')
>> -            {
>> -              if (!db.names.empty())
>> -                db.names.pop_back();
>> -              return first;
>> -            }
>> +                return first;
>>              ++t0;
>>              if (t0 == last)
>> -            {
>> -                if(!db.names.empty())
>> -                  db.names.pop_back();
>>                  return first;
>> -            }
>> +            StringView count;
>>              if (std::isdigit(*t0))
>>              {
>>                  const char* t1 = t0 + 1;
>>                  while (t1 != last && std::isdigit(*t1))
>>                      ++t1;
>> -                db.names.back().first.insert(d
>> b.names.back().first.begin()+7, t0, t1);
>> +                count = StringView(t0, t1);
>>                  t0 = t1;
>>              }
>>              if (t0 == last || *t0 != '_')
>> -            {
>> -                if(!db.names.empty())
>> -                  db.names.pop_back();
>>                  return first;
>> -            }
>> +            db.names.push_back(db.make<LambdaTypeName>(lambda_params,
>> count));
>>              first = t0 + 1;
>>            }
>>              break;
>> @@ -3337,7 +4417,8 @@ parse_unscoped_name(const char* first, c
>>              {
>>                  if (db.names.empty())
>>                      return first;
>> -                db.names.back().first.insert(0, "std::");
>> +                db.names.back() =
>> +                    db.make<StdQualifiedName>(db.names.back());
>>              }
>>              first = t1;
>>          }
>> @@ -3357,7 +4438,8 @@ parse_alignof_type(const char* first, co
>>          {
>>              if (db.names.empty())
>>                  return first;
>> -            db.names.back().first = "alignof (" +
>> db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
>> +            db.names.back() =
>> +                db.make<EnclosingExpr>("alignof (", db.names.back(),
>> ")");
>>              first = t;
>>          }
>>      }
>> @@ -3376,7 +4458,8 @@ parse_alignof_expr(const char* first, co
>>          {
>>              if (db.names.empty())
>>                  return first;
>> -            db.names.back().first = "alignof (" +
>> db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
>> +            db.names.back() =
>> +                db.make<EnclosingExpr>("alignof (", db.names.back(),
>> ")");
>>              first = t;
>>          }
>>      }
>> @@ -3391,28 +4474,29 @@ parse_noexcept_expression(const char* fi
>>      {
>>          if (db.names.empty())
>>              return first;
>> -        db.names.back().first =  "noexcept (" +
>> db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
>> +        db.names.back() =
>> +            db.make<EnclosingExpr>("noexcept (", db.names.back(), ")");
>>          first = t1;
>>      }
>>      return first;
>>  }
>>
>>  const char*
>> -parse_prefix_expression(const char* first, const char* last, const
>> Db::String& op, Db& db)
>> +parse_prefix_expression(const char* first, const char* last, StringView
>> op, Db& db)
>>  {
>>      const char* t1 = parse_expression(first, last, db);
>>      if (t1 != first)
>>      {
>>          if (db.names.empty())
>>              return first;
>> -        db.names.back().first =  op + "(" + db.names.back().move_full()
>> + ")";
>> +        db.names.back() = db.make<PrefixExpr>(op, db.names.back());
>>          first = t1;
>>      }
>>      return first;
>>  }
>>
>>  const char*
>> -parse_binary_expression(const char* first, const char* last, const
>> Db::String& op, Db& db)
>> +parse_binary_expression(const char* first, const char* last, StringView
>> op, Db& db)
>>  {
>>      const char* t1 = parse_expression(first, last, db);
>>      if (t1 != first)
>> @@ -3422,20 +4506,12 @@ parse_binary_expression(const char* firs
>>          {
>>              if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                  return first;
>> -            auto op2 = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +            auto op2 = db.names.back();
>>              db.names.pop_back();
>> -            auto op1 = db.names.back().move_full();
>> -            auto& nm = db.names.back().first;
>> -            nm.clear();
>> -            if (op == ">")
>> -                nm += '(';
>> -            nm += "(" + op1 + ") " + op + " (" + op2 + ")";
>> -            if (op == ">")
>> -                nm += ')';
>> +            auto op1 = db.names.back();
>> +            db.names.back() = db.make<BinaryExpr>(op1, op, op2);
>>              first = t2;
>>          }
>> -        else if(!db.names.empty())
>> -            db.names.pop_back();
>>      }
>>      return first;
>>  }
>> @@ -3573,8 +4649,8 @@ parse_expression(const char* first, cons
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.empty())
>>                              return first;
>> -                        db.names.back().first = (parsed_gs ?
>> Db::String("::") : Db::String()) +
>> -                                          "delete[] " +
>> db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                        db.names.back() = db.make<DeleteExpr>(
>> +                            db.names.back(), parsed_gs,
>> /*is_array=*/true);
>>                          first = t1;
>>                      }
>>                  }
>> @@ -3594,8 +4670,8 @@ parse_expression(const char* first, cons
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.empty())
>>                              return first;
>> -                        db.names.back().first = (parsed_gs ?
>> Db::String("::") : Db::String()) +
>> -                                          "delete " +
>> db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                        db.names.back() = db.make<DeleteExpr>(
>> +                            db.names.back(), parsed_gs,
>> /*is_array=*/false);
>>                          first = t1;
>>                      }
>>                  }
>> @@ -3666,10 +4742,11 @@ parse_expression(const char* first, cons
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                              return first;
>> -                        auto op2 = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                        auto op2 = db.names.back();
>>                          db.names.pop_back();
>> -                        auto op1 = db.names.back().move_full();
>> -                        db.names.back() = "(" + op1 + ")[" + op2 + "]";
>> +                        auto op1 = db.names.back();
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<ArraySubscriptExpr>(op1, op2);
>>                          first = t2;
>>                      }
>>                      else if (!db.names.empty())
>> @@ -3739,7 +4816,8 @@ parse_expression(const char* first, cons
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.empty())
>>                              return first;
>> -                        db.names.back() = "(" +
>> db.names.back().move_full() + ")--";
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<PostfixExpr>(db.names.back(), "--");
>>                          first = t1;
>>                      }
>>                  }
>> @@ -3829,7 +4907,8 @@ parse_expression(const char* first, cons
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.empty())
>>                              return first;
>> -                        db.names.back() = "(" +
>> db.names.back().move_full() + ")++";
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<PostfixExpr>(db.names.back(), "++");
>>                          first = t1;
>>                      }
>>                  }
>> @@ -3858,12 +4937,13 @@ parse_expression(const char* first, cons
>>                          {
>>                              if (db.names.size() < 3)
>>                                  return first;
>> -                            auto op3 = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                            auto op3 = db.names.back();
>>                              db.names.pop_back();
>> -                            auto op2 = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                            auto op2 = db.names.back();
>>                              db.names.pop_back();
>> -                            auto op1 = db.names.back().move_full();
>> -                            db.names.back() = "(" + op1 + ") ? (" + op2
>> + ") : (" + op3 + ")";
>> +                            auto op1 = db.names.back();
>> +                            db.names.back() =
>> +                                db.make<ConditionalExpr>(op1, op2, op3);
>>                              first = t3;
>>                          }
>>                          else
>> @@ -3948,7 +5028,7 @@ parse_expression(const char* first, cons
>>                  first = parse_typeid_expr(first, last, db);
>>                  break;
>>              case 'r':
>> -                db.names.push_back("throw");
>> +                db.names.push_back(db.make<NameType>("throw"));
>>                  first += 2;
>>                  break;
>>              case 'w':
>> @@ -4037,7 +5117,7 @@ parse_template_args(const char* first, c
>>          if (db.tag_templates)
>>              db.template_param.back().clear();
>>          const char* t = first+1;
>> -        Db::String args("<");
>> +        size_t begin_idx = db.names.size();
>>          while (*t != 'E')
>>          {
>>              if (db.tag_templates)
>> @@ -4047,7 +5127,7 @@ parse_template_args(const char* first, c
>>              size_t k1 = db.names.size();
>>              if (db.tag_templates)
>>                  db.template_param.pop_back();
>> -            if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
>> +            if (t1 == t || t1 == last || k0 > k1)
>>                  return first;
>>              if (db.tag_templates)
>>              {
>> @@ -4055,30 +5135,18 @@ parse_template_args(const char* first, c
>>                  for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
>>                      db.template_param.back().
>> back().push_back(db.names[k]);
>>              }
>> -            for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
>> -            {
>> -                if (args.size() > 1)
>> -                    args += ", ";
>> -                args += db.names[k].move_full();
>> -            }
>> -            for (; k1 > k0; --k1)
>> -                if (!db.names.empty())
>> -                    db.names.pop_back();
>>              t = t1;
>>          }
>>          first = t + 1;
>> -        if (args.back() != '>')
>> -            args += ">";
>> -        else
>> -            args += " >";
>> -        db.names.push_back(std::move(args));
>> -
>> +        TemplateParams* tp = db.make<TemplateParams>(
>> +            db.popTrailingNodeArray(begin_idx));
>> +        db.names.push_back(tp);
>>      }
>>      return first;
>>  }
>>
>> -// <nested-name> ::= N [<CV-qualifiers>] [<ref-qualifier>] <prefix>
>> <unqualified-name> E
>> -//               ::= N [<CV-qualifiers>] [<ref-qualifier>]
>> <template-prefix> <template-args> E
>> +// <nested-name> ::= N [<CV-Qualifiers>] [<ref-qualifier>] <prefix>
>> <unqualified-name> E
>> +//               ::= N [<CV-Qualifiers>] [<ref-qualifier>]
>> <template-prefix> <template-args> E
>>  //
>>  // <prefix> ::= <prefix> <unqualified-name>
>>  //          ::= <template-prefix> <template-args>
>> @@ -4099,32 +5167,29 @@ parse_nested_name(const char* first, con
>>  {
>>      if (first != last && *first == 'N')
>>      {
>> -        unsigned cv;
>> +        Qualifiers cv;
>>          const char* t0 = parse_cv_qualifiers(first+1, last, cv);
>>          if (t0 == last)
>>              return first;
>> -        db.ref = 0;
>> +        db.ref = FrefQualNone;
>>          if (*t0 == 'R')
>>          {
>> -            db.ref = 1;
>> +            db.ref = FrefQualLValue;
>>              ++t0;
>>          }
>>          else if (*t0 == 'O')
>>          {
>> -            db.ref = 2;
>> +            db.ref = FrefQualRValue;
>>              ++t0;
>>          }
>> -        db.names.emplace_back();
>> +        db.names.push_back(db.make<EmptyName>());
>>          if (last - t0 >= 2 && t0[0] == 'S' && t0[1] == 't')
>>          {
>>              t0 += 2;
>> -            db.names.back().first = "std";
>> +            db.names.back() = db.make<NameType>("std");
>>          }
>>          if (t0 == last)
>> -        {
>> -            db.names.pop_back();
>>              return first;
>> -        }
>>          bool pop_subs = false;
>>          bool component_ends_with_template_args = false;
>>          while (*t0 != 'E')
>> @@ -4139,17 +5204,18 @@ parse_nested_name(const char* first, con
>>                  t1 = parse_substitution(t0, last, db);
>>                  if (t1 != t0 && t1 != last)
>>                  {
>> -                    auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                    auto name = db.names.back();
>>                      db.names.pop_back();
>> -                    if (db.names.empty())
>> -                        return first;
>> -                    if (!db.names.back().first.empty())
>> +                    if (db.names.back()->K != Node::KEmptyName)
>>                      {
>> -                        db.names.back().first += "::" + name;
>> -                        db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(1,
>> db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
>> +                        db.names.back() = db.make<QualifiedName>(
>> +                            db.names.back(), name);
>> +                        db.subs.push_back(
>> +                            Db::sub_type(1, db.names.back(),
>> +                                         db.names.get_allocator()));
>>                      }
>>                      else
>> -                        db.names.back().first = name;
>> +                        db.names.back() = name;
>>                      pop_subs = true;
>>                      t0 = t1;
>>                  }
>> @@ -4160,14 +5226,13 @@ parse_nested_name(const char* first, con
>>                  t1 = parse_template_param(t0, last, db);
>>                  if (t1 != t0 && t1 != last)
>>                  {
>> -                    auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                    auto name = db.names.back();
>>                      db.names.pop_back();
>> -                    if (db.names.empty())
>> -                        return first;
>> -                    if (!db.names.back().first.empty())
>> -                        db.names.back().first += "::" + name;
>> +                    if (db.names.back()->K != Node::KEmptyName)
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<QualifiedName>(db.names.back(),
>> name);
>>                      else
>> -                        db.names.back().first = name;
>> +                        db.names.back() = name;
>>                      db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(1, db.names.back(),
>> db.names.get_allocator()));
>>                      pop_subs = true;
>>                      t0 = t1;
>> @@ -4181,14 +5246,13 @@ parse_nested_name(const char* first, con
>>                  t1 = parse_decltype(t0, last, db);
>>                  if (t1 != t0 && t1 != last)
>>                  {
>> -                    auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                    auto name = db.names.back();
>>                      db.names.pop_back();
>> -                    if (db.names.empty())
>> -                        return first;
>> -                    if (!db.names.back().first.empty())
>> -                        db.names.back().first += "::" + name;
>> +                    if (db.names.back()->K != Node::KEmptyName)
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<QualifiedName>(db.names.back(),
>> name);
>>                      else
>> -                        db.names.back().first = name;
>> +                        db.names.back() = name;
>>                      db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(1, db.names.back(),
>> db.names.get_allocator()));
>>                      pop_subs = true;
>>                      t0 = t1;
>> @@ -4200,12 +5264,12 @@ parse_nested_name(const char* first, con
>>                  t1 = parse_template_args(t0, last, db);
>>                  if (t1 != t0 && t1 != last)
>>                  {
>> -                    auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                    auto name = db.names.back();
>>                      db.names.pop_back();
>> -                    if (db.names.empty())
>> -                        return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first += name;
>> -                    db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(1, db.names.back(),
>> db.names.get_allocator()));
>> +                    db.names.back() = db.make<NameWithTemplateArgs>(
>> +                        db.names.back(), name);
>> +                    db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(
>> +                        1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
>>                      t0 = t1;
>>                      component_ends_with_template_args = true;
>>                  }
>> @@ -4221,14 +5285,13 @@ parse_nested_name(const char* first, con
>>                  t1 = parse_unqualified_name(t0, last, db);
>>                  if (t1 != t0 && t1 != last)
>>                  {
>> -                    auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                    auto name = db.names.back();
>>                      db.names.pop_back();
>> -                    if (db.names.empty())
>> -                        return first;
>> -                    if (!db.names.back().first.empty())
>> -                        db.names.back().first += "::" + name;
>> +                    if (db.names.back()->K != Node::KEmptyName)
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<QualifiedName>(db.names.back(),
>> name);
>>                      else
>> -                        db.names.back().first = name;
>> +                        db.names.back() = name;
>>                      db.subs.push_back(Db::sub_type(1, db.names.back(),
>> db.names.get_allocator()));
>>                      pop_subs = true;
>>                      t0 = t1;
>> @@ -4304,7 +5367,8 @@ parse_local_name(const char* first, cons
>>                  first = parse_discriminator(t+1, last);
>>                  if (db.names.empty())
>>                      return first;
>> -                db.names.back().first.append("::string literal");
>> +                db.names.back() = db.make<QualifiedName>(
>> +                    db.names.back(), db.make<NameType>("string
>> literal"));
>>                  break;
>>              case 'd':
>>                  if (++t != last)
>> @@ -4319,12 +5383,12 @@ parse_local_name(const char* first, cons
>>                          {
>>                              if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                                  return first;
>> -                            auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                            auto name = db.names.back();
>>                              db.names.pop_back();
>>                              if (db.names.empty())
>>                                  return first;
>> -                            db.names.back().first.append("::");
>> -                            db.names.back().first.append(name);
>> +                            db.names.back() =
>> +                                db.make<QualifiedName>(db.names.back(),
>> name);
>>                              first = t1;
>>                          }
>>                          else if (!db.names.empty())
>> @@ -4342,12 +5406,12 @@ parse_local_name(const char* first, cons
>>                          first = parse_discriminator(t1, last);
>>                          if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                              return first;
>> -                        auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                        auto name = db.names.back();
>>                          db.names.pop_back();
>>                          if (db.names.empty())
>>                              return first;
>> -                        db.names.back().first.append("::");
>> -                        db.names.back().first.append(name);
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<QualifiedName>(db.names.back(),
>> name);
>>                      }
>>                      else if (!db.names.empty())
>>                          db.names.pop_back();
>> @@ -4411,11 +5475,13 @@ parse_name(const char* first, const char
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                              return first;
>> -                        auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                        auto tmp = db.names.back();
>>                          db.names.pop_back();
>>                          if (db.names.empty())
>>                              return first;
>> -                        db.names.back().first += tmp;
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<NameWithTemplateArgs>(
>> +                                db.names.back(), tmp);
>>                          first = t1;
>>                          if (ends_with_template_args)
>>                              *ends_with_template_args = true;
>> @@ -4435,11 +5501,13 @@ parse_name(const char* first, const char
>>                      {
>>                          if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                              return first;
>> -                        auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                        auto tmp = db.names.back();
>>                          db.names.pop_back();
>>                          if (db.names.empty())
>>                              return first;
>> -                        db.names.back().first += tmp;
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<NameWithTemplateArgs>(
>> +                                db.names.back(), tmp);
>>                          first = t1;
>>                          if (ends_with_template_args)
>>                              *ends_with_template_args = true;
>> @@ -4527,7 +5595,8 @@ parse_special_name(const char* first, co
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first.insert(0, "vtable for ");
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<SpecialName>("vtable for ",
>> db.names.back());
>>                      first = t;
>>                  }
>>                  break;
>> @@ -4538,7 +5607,8 @@ parse_special_name(const char* first, co
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first.insert(0, "VTT for ");
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<SpecialName>("VTT for ",
>> db.names.back());
>>                      first = t;
>>                  }
>>                  break;
>> @@ -4549,7 +5619,8 @@ parse_special_name(const char* first, co
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first.insert(0, "typeinfo for ");
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<SpecialName>("typeinfo for ",
>> db.names.back());
>>                      first = t;
>>                  }
>>                  break;
>> @@ -4560,7 +5631,8 @@ parse_special_name(const char* first, co
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first.insert(0, "typeinfo name for
>> ");
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<SpecialName>("typeinfo name for ",
>> db.names.back());
>>                      first = t;
>>                  }
>>                  break;
>> @@ -4578,7 +5650,9 @@ parse_special_name(const char* first, co
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first.insert(0, "covariant return
>> thunk to ");
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<SpecialName>("covariant return thunk to
>> ",
>> +                                              db.names.back());
>>                      first = t;
>>                  }
>>                }
>> @@ -4596,13 +5670,12 @@ parse_special_name(const char* first, co
>>                          {
>>                              if (db.names.size() < 2)
>>                                  return first;
>> -                            auto left = db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                            auto left = db.names.back();
>>                              db.names.pop_back();
>>                              if (db.names.empty())
>>                                  return first;
>> -                            db.names.back().first = "construction vtable
>> for " +
>> -                                                    std::move(left) +
>> "-in-" +
>> -
>> db.names.back().move_full();
>> +                            db.names.back() =
>> db.make<CtorVtableSpecialName>(
>> +                                left, db.names.back());
>>                              first = t1;
>>                          }
>>                      }
>> @@ -4614,8 +5687,10 @@ parse_special_name(const char* first, co
>>                  if (t != first + 2)
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>> -                    return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first.insert(0, "thread-local
>> wrapper routine for ");
>> +                        return first;
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<SpecialName>("thread-local wrapper
>> routine for ",
>> +                                              db.names.back());
>>                      first = t;
>>                  }
>>                  break;
>> @@ -4625,8 +5700,9 @@ parse_special_name(const char* first, co
>>                  if (t != first + 2)
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>> -                    return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first.insert(0, "thread-local
>> initialization routine for ");
>> +                        return first;
>> +                    db.names.back() = db.make<SpecialName>(
>> +                        "thread-local initialization routine for ",
>> db.names.back());
>>                      first = t;
>>                  }
>>                  break;
>> @@ -4643,12 +5719,16 @@ parse_special_name(const char* first, co
>>                          return first;
>>                      if (first[1] == 'v')
>>                      {
>> -                        db.names.back().first.insert(0, "virtual thunk
>> to ");
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<SpecialName>("virtual thunk to ",
>> +                                                  db.names.back());
>>                          first = t;
>>                      }
>>                      else
>>                      {
>> -                        db.names.back().first.insert(0, "non-virtual
>> thunk to ");
>> +                        db.names.back() =
>> +                            db.make<SpecialName>("non-virtual thunk to
>> ",
>> +                                                  db.names.back());
>>                          first = t;
>>                      }
>>                  }
>> @@ -4666,7 +5746,8 @@ parse_special_name(const char* first, co
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first.insert(0, "guard variable for
>> ");
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<SpecialName>("guard variable for ",
>> db.names.back());
>>                      first = t;
>>                  }
>>                  break;
>> @@ -4677,7 +5758,9 @@ parse_special_name(const char* first, co
>>                  {
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first.insert(0, "reference
>> temporary for ");
>> +                    db.names.back() =
>> +                        db.make<SpecialName>("reference temporary for ",
>> +                                              db.names.back());
>>                      first = t;
>>                  }
>>                  break;
>> @@ -4735,8 +5818,10 @@ parse_encoding(const char* first, const
>>              bool ends_with_template_args = false;
>>              const char* t = parse_name(first, last, db,
>>                                         &ends_with_template_args);
>> -            unsigned cv = db.cv;
>> -            unsigned ref = db.ref;
>> +            if (db.names.empty())
>> +                return first;
>> +            Qualifiers cv = db.cv;
>> +            FunctionRefQual ref = db.ref;
>>              if (t != first)
>>              {
>>                  if (t != last && *t != 'E' && *t != '.')
>> @@ -4744,87 +5829,59 @@ parse_encoding(const char* first, const
>>                      save_value<bool> sb2(db.tag_templates);
>>                      db.tag_templates = false;
>>                      const char* t2;
>> -                    Db::String ret2;
>>                      if (db.names.empty())
>>                          return first;
>> -                    const Db::String& nm = db.names.back().first;
>> -                    if (nm.empty())
>> +                    if (!db.names.back())
>>                          return first;
>> +                    Node* return_type = nullptr;
>>                      if (!db.parsed_ctor_dtor_cv &&
>> ends_with_template_args)
>>                      {
>>                          t2 = parse_type(t, last, db);
>>                          if (t2 == t)
>>                              return first;
>> -                        if (db.names.size() < 2)
>> +                        if (db.names.size() < 1)
>>                              return first;
>> -                        auto ret1 = std::move(db.names.back().first);
>> -                        ret2 = std::move(db.names.back().second);
>> -                        if (ret2.empty())
>> -                            ret1 += ' ';
>> +                        return_type = db.names.back();
>>                          db.names.pop_back();
>> -                        if (db.names.empty())
>> -                            return first;
>> -
>> -                        db.names.back().first.insert(0, ret1);
>>                          t = t2;
>>                      }
>> -                    db.names.back().first += '(';
>> +
>> +                    Node* result = nullptr;
>> +
>>                      if (t != last && *t == 'v')
>>                      {
>>                          ++t;
>> +                        Node* name = db.names.back();
>> +                        db.names.pop_back();
>> +                        result = db.make<TopLevelFunctionDecl>(
>> +                            return_type, name, NodeArray());
>>                      }
>>                      else
>>                      {
>> -                        bool first_arg = true;
>> +                        size_t params_begin = db.names.size();
>>                          while (true)
>>                          {
>> -                            size_t k0 = db.names.size();
>>                              t2 = parse_type(t, last, db);
>> -                            size_t k1 = db.names.size();
>>                              if (t2 == t)
>>                                  break;
>> -                            if (k1 > k0)
>> -                            {
>> -                                Db::String tmp;
>> -                                for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
>> -                                {
>> -                                    if (!tmp.empty())
>> -                                        tmp += ", ";
>> -                                    tmp += db.names[k].move_full();
>> -                                }
>> -                                for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k) {
>> -                                    if (db.names.empty())
>> -                                        return first;
>> -                                    db.names.pop_back();
>> -                                }
>> -                                if (!tmp.empty())
>> -                                {
>> -                                    if (db.names.empty())
>> -                                        return first;
>> -                                    if (!first_arg)
>> -                                        db.names.back().first += ", ";
>> -                                    else
>> -                                        first_arg = false;
>> -                                    db.names.back().first += tmp;
>> -                                }
>> -                            }
>>                              t = t2;
>>                          }
>> +                        if (db.names.size() < params_begin)
>> +                            return first;
>> +                        NodeArray params =
>> +                            db.popTrailingNodeArray(params_begin);
>> +                        if (db.names.empty())
>> +                            return first;
>> +                        Node* name = db.names.back();
>> +                        db.names.pop_back();
>> +                        result = db.make<TopLevelFunctionDecl>(
>> +                            return_type, name, params);
>>                      }
>> -                    if (db.names.empty())
>> -                        return first;
>> -                    db.names.back().first += ')';
>> -                    if (cv & 1)
>> -                        db.names.back().first.append(" const");
>> -                    if (cv & 2)
>> -                        db.names.back().first.append(" volatile");
>> -                    if (cv & 4)
>> -                        db.names.back().first.append(" restrict");
>> -                    if (ref == 1)
>> -                        db.names.back().first.append(" &");
>> -                    else if (ref == 2)
>> -                        db.names.back().first.append(" &&");
>> -                    db.names.back().first += ret2;
>> +                    if (ref != FrefQualNone)
>> +                        result = db.make<FunctionRefQualType>(result,
>> ref);
>> +                    if (cv != QualNone)
>> +                        result = db.make<FunctionQualType>(result, cv);
>> +                    db.names.push_back(result);
>>                      first = t;
>>                  }
>>                  else
>> @@ -4846,6 +5903,7 @@ parse_block_invoke(const char* first, co
>>  {
>>      if (last - first >= 13)
>>      {
>> +        // FIXME: strcmp?
>>          const char test[] = "_block_invoke";
>>          const char* t = first;
>>          for (int i = 0; i < 13; ++i, ++t)
>> @@ -4868,7 +5926,9 @@ parse_block_invoke(const char* first, co
>>          }
>>          if (db.names.empty())
>>              return first;
>> -        db.names.back().first.insert(0, "invocation function for block
>> in ");
>> +        db.names.back() =
>> +            db.make<SpecialName>("invocation function for block in ",
>> +                                  db.names.back());
>>          first = t;
>>      }
>>      return first;
>> @@ -4884,7 +5944,8 @@ parse_dot_suffix(const char* first, cons
>>      {
>>          if (db.names.empty())
>>              return first;
>> -        db.names.back().first += " (" + Db::String(first, last) + ")";
>> +        db.names.back() =
>> +            db.make<DotSuffix>(db.names.back(), StringView(first,
>> last));
>>          first = last;
>>      }
>>      return first;
>> @@ -4963,6 +6024,7 @@ __cxa_demangle(const char *mangled_name,
>>      size_t len = std::strlen(mangled_name);
>>      demangle(mangled_name, mangled_name + len, db,
>>               internal_status);
>> +
>>      if (internal_status == success && db.fix_forward_references &&
>>             !db.template_param.empty() && !db.template_param.front().emp
>> ty())
>>      {
>> @@ -4974,30 +6036,25 @@ __cxa_demangle(const char *mangled_name,
>>          if (db.fix_forward_references)
>>              internal_status = invalid_mangled_name;
>>      }
>> +
>>      if (internal_status == success)
>>      {
>> -        size_t sz = db.names.back().size() + 1;
>> -        if (sz > internal_size)
>> +        if (!buf)
>>          {
>> -            char* newbuf = static_cast<char*>(std::realloc(buf, sz));
>> -            if (newbuf == nullptr)
>> -            {
>> -                internal_status = memory_alloc_failure;
>> -                buf = nullptr;
>> -            }
>> -            else
>> -            {
>> -                buf = newbuf;
>> -                if (n != nullptr)
>> -                    *n = sz;
>> -            }
>> +            internal_size = 1024;
>> +            buf = static_cast<char*>(std::malloc(internal_size));
>>          }
>> -        if (buf != nullptr)
>> +
>> +        if (buf)
>>          {
>> -            db.names.back().first += db.names.back().second;
>> -            std::memcpy(buf, db.names.back().first.data(), sz-1);
>> -            buf[sz-1] = char(0);
>> +            OutputStream s(buf, internal_size);
>> +            db.names.back()->print(s);
>> +            s += '\0';
>> +            if (n) *n = s.getCurrentPosition();
>> +            buf = s.getBuffer();
>>          }
>> +        else
>> +            internal_status = memory_alloc_failure;
>>      }
>>      else
>>          buf = nullptr;
>>
>> Modified: libcxxabi/trunk/test/test_demangle.pass.cpp
>> URL: http://llvm.org/viewvc/llvm-project/libcxxabi/trunk/test/tes
>> t_demangle.pass.cpp?rev=309340&r1=309339&r2=309340&view=diff
>> ============================================================
>> ==================
>> --- libcxxabi/trunk/test/test_demangle.pass.cpp (original)
>> +++ libcxxabi/trunk/test/test_demangle.pass.cpp Thu Jul 27 17:43:49 2017
>> @@ -29600,8 +29600,7 @@ const char* cases[][2] =
>>      {"i", "int"},
>>
>>      {"PKFvRiE", "void (*)(int&) const"},
>> -    // FIXME(compnerd) pretty print this as void (*)(unsigned long &)
>> volatile &&
>> -    {"PVFvRmOE", "void (*)(unsigned long&)  volatile&&"},
>> +    {"PVFvRmOE", "void (*)(unsigned long&) volatile &&"},
>>      {"PFvRmOE", "void (*)(unsigned long&) &&"},
>>      {"_ZTW1x", "thread-local wrapper routine for x"},
>>      {"_ZTHN3fooE", "thread-local initialization routine for foo"},
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> cfe-commits mailing list
>> cfe-commits at lists.llvm.org
>> http://lists.llvm.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/cfe-commits
>>
>
>
>
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