<div dir="ltr">Hi Mihir,<div><br></div><div>I'm not really sure what would be the best choice given that you mention that you want a source that covers LLVM IR "in depth" while previously it seemed you needed</div><div>a beginner-like source.</div><div><br></div><div>If you already know the basics, i.e.,:</div><div>- IR Structure (Module -> Function -> Basic Block -> Instruction)</div><div>- Basic operations (arithmetic, branches, calls, loads/stores, conversions all that)</div><div>- Intrinsics / Metadata</div><div>- PHIs</div><div>- GEPs</div><div>- What role types play in general</div><div><br></div><div>Bear in mind that when I mention these basics, I don't mean just knowing sort of what they do. I also mean how knowing sort of how can you use them as</div><div>building blocks to implement high level operations, e.g., (from simple to more complicated):</div><div>- 1 + 2 + 3</div><div>- function calls</div><div>- if-else if-else <br></div><div>- classes / structs and operations in them</div><div>- virtual functions</div><div><br></div><div>Maybe type conversions, pointers etc. anyway you get the point.</div><div><br></div><div>If you do have the basics down, _then_ I think is the time to start studying in depth. At this point, I don't think a book or any such source would be useful to you. LangRef would be the way to go along</div><div>with writing C++ in godbolt (<a href="https://godbolt.org/">https://godbolt.org/</a>) and seeing what LLVM IR Clang emits (with -emit-llvm and preferably -g0 to avoid debug info as cmd args).</div><div><br></div><div>But if you don't have the basics down, then you probably don't need something in-depth. In this case, I'd start with this video: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8G_S5LwlTo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8G_S5LwlTo</a>,</div><div>writing (simple) C code in godbolt and inspecting the result (eventually trying to produce it myself) and maybe I'd watch a compilers course (meaning 1-2 lectures covering things</div><div>of interest, not the whole thing and without paying - there is plenty of free material from universities online).</div><div><br></div><div>I hope this helps. If not, maybe you can try to direct us on what exactly is your level.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Stefanos</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Στις Κυρ, 10 Ιαν 2021 στις 2:39 π.μ., ο/η Mihir Sevak via llvm-dev <<a href="mailto:llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org">llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org</a>> έγραψε:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Ok, thanks for the reply. Lets see what other folks have to say.<br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Jan 9, 2021 at 4:37 PM David Blaikie <<a href="mailto:dblaikie@gmail.com" target="_blank">dblaikie@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Yeah, sorry - I haven't read any LLVM books, unfortunately. Perhaps some other folks will be able to chime in with tips.</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Jan 9, 2021 at 4:36 PM Mihir Sevak <<a href="mailto:mihir.sevak@gmail.com" target="_blank">mihir.sevak@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">I own this book and it doesn't cover IR in depth. I am trying to write an additional feature for C++ frontend and for that I want to use proper Intermediate Representation that doesn't become a laughing stock so I am looking for some in depth explanation on IR. I am aware that it changes so fast that a book will become outdated however for my exercise I am willing to go back to the version the book covers and implement it there. If you have used some book personally and recommend it please share with me.<div><br></div><div>Thanks. </div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Jan 9, 2021 at 4:31 PM David Blaikie <<a href="mailto:dblaikie@gmail.com" target="_blank">dblaikie@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Published books probably get out of date pretty quickly, so you'll need to keep the more up-to-date code/online docs in mind even if you're reading printed stuff. At a quick google this seems like the sort of thing that might be useful: <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Getting-Started-LLVM-Core-Libraries/dp/1782166920" target="_blank">https://www.amazon.com/Getting-Started-LLVM-Core-Libraries/dp/1782166920</a> (googling 'llvm book' shows a few results)</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Jan 9, 2021 at 4:24 PM Mihir Sevak <<a href="mailto:mihir.sevak@gmail.com" target="_blank">mihir.sevak@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Thanks David. Really appreciate this. <div><br></div><div>Would you please kindly share those names of the books so at least I have an idea about what resources are available and in case I need more explanation than this Language Reference Manual ?</div><div><br></div><div>Once again thanks.</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Jan 9, 2021 at 3:57 PM David Blaikie <<a href="mailto:dblaikie@gmail.com" target="_blank">dblaikie@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">There are some books, but if you're looking for the best reference for LLVM IR it's online here: <a href="https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html" target="_blank">https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html</a></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Jan 9, 2021 at 3:43 PM Mihir Sevak via llvm-dev <<a href="mailto:llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org" target="_blank">llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hello LLVM group,<div> I am very new to this project. I want to develop a few things on LLVM platform and for that I am wondering where can I learn about Intermediate Representation used in LLVM project? Is there any in-depth instruction level guide available except online tutorials? </div><div><br></div><div>Please advise.</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks.</div><div>Have a great weekend. <br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div>"How can anything be impossible when impossible itself says I M Possible???"®<br>Mihir Sevak<br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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