<div dir="ltr">(Resync with LLVM dev)<div><br></div><div>I'm trying to follow up on (3), but am having some issues...</div><div>The approach I have taken is writing a module pass, iterating through the module and descending into the instructions.</div><div><br></div><div>The problem I'm having is that I can't seem to find any notion of a relocation at all within the LLVM IR, which after some thought would make sense as nothing has been linked yet.</div><div><br></div><div>My question is, at what point in the process should I be making such changes? I can't seem to find the right place.</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks in advance!</div><div><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><p dir="ltr">--<br> Joshua Gerrard<br> JUCE Software Developer<br></p><p dir="ltr"><font size="2"><i>ROLI’s </i><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/design/31520/the-seaboard-grand-piano-wins-designs-of-the-year-2014-award.html" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">award-winning</font></i></a><i> Seaboard GRAND, celebrated as the “</i><a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/27/tech/innovation/hans-zimmer-seaboard-future-piano/" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">piano of the future</font></i></a><i>”, is now joined by the </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGr7VbDiRNw" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">Seaboard RISE</font></i></a><i>, “</i><a href="http://www.soundonsound.com/news?NewsID=18726" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">every bit as slimline and attractive as its bigger brother</font></i></a><i>”. The press is hailing the Seaboard RISE as “</i><a href="http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-09/10/seaboard-rise-digital-keyboard-launch-uk-price" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">innovative</font></i></a><i>”, “</i><a href="http://createdigitalmusic.com/2015/09/new-roli-instrument-wants-make-expressive-control-mainstream/" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">expressive</font></i></a><i>”, “</i><a href="http://createdigitalmusic.com/2015/09/new-roli-instrument-wants-make-expressive-control-mainstream/" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">accessible</font></i></a><i>”, and “</i><a href="http://www.slashgear.com/roli-seaboard-rise-is-like-3d-touch-for-musicians-11404216/" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">a keyboard controller that does to piano keys what 3D touch does to the iPhone</font></i></a><i>”. Now available for preorder at </i><a href="http://www.roli.com/" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">www.roli.com</font></i></a><i>.</i></font><br><br></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On 24 November 2015 at 17:50, Joshua Gerrard <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:joshua.gerrard@roli.com" target="_blank">joshua.gerrard@roli.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div>Thank you for the suggestion.<br></div><div><br></div>I just tried it, and am still get the relocation overflows, although this time for a different symbol:<div><br></div><div>\x1??__E_Generic_object@?$_Error_objects@H@std@@2V_Generic_error_category@2@A@YAXXZ<br></div><div><br></div><div>The code actually resolves to ??__E_Generic_object@?$_Error_objects@H@std@@2V_Generic_error_category@2@A@YAXXZ (I remove the \x1 from the start of some symbols as it's not found otherwise).</div><div><br></div><div>I'd be surprised if I were loading more than 4GB of code; the total memory currently being used by the computer right now is about 4.4GB - including the OS and all other running programs.</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><span class=""><br clear="all"><div><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><p dir="ltr">--<br> Joshua Gerrard<br> JUCE Software Developer<br></p><p dir="ltr"><font size="2"><i>ROLI’s </i><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/design/31520/the-seaboard-grand-piano-wins-designs-of-the-year-2014-award.html" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">award-winning</font></i></a><i> Seaboard GRAND, celebrated as the “</i><a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/27/tech/innovation/hans-zimmer-seaboard-future-piano/" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">piano of the future</font></i></a><i>”, is now joined by the </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGr7VbDiRNw" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">Seaboard RISE</font></i></a><i>, “</i><a href="http://www.soundonsound.com/news?NewsID=18726" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">every bit as slimline and attractive as its bigger brother</font></i></a><i>”. The press is hailing the Seaboard RISE as “</i><a href="http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-09/10/seaboard-rise-digital-keyboard-launch-uk-price" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">innovative</font></i></a><i>”, “</i><a href="http://createdigitalmusic.com/2015/09/new-roli-instrument-wants-make-expressive-control-mainstream/" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">expressive</font></i></a><i>”, “</i><a href="http://createdigitalmusic.com/2015/09/new-roli-instrument-wants-make-expressive-control-mainstream/" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">accessible</font></i></a><i>”, and “</i><a href="http://www.slashgear.com/roli-seaboard-rise-is-like-3d-touch-for-musicians-11404216/" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">a keyboard controller that does to piano keys what 3D touch does to the iPhone</font></i></a><i>”. Now available for preorder at </i><a href="http://www.roli.com/" target="_blank"><i><font color="#1155cc">www.roli.com</font></i></a><i>.</i></font><br><br></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br></span><div><div class="h5"><div class="gmail_quote">On 24 November 2015 at 17:27, Andy Ayers <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:andya@microsoft.com" target="_blank">andya@microsoft.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Using a small model would completely solve all the relocation overflow problems for you (provided you don’t try to load more than 4GB of code).<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="1513a9e428562be2_1513a899f23e0c39__MailEndCompose"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Joshua Gerrard [mailto:<a href="mailto:joshua.gerrard@roli.com" target="_blank">joshua.gerrard@roli.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, November 24, 2015 9:23 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Andy Ayers <<a href="mailto:andya@microsoft.com" target="_blank">andya@microsoft.com</a>></span></p><div><div><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [llvm-dev] COFF::IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32 relocation overflow when compiling for x86_64<u></u><u></u></div></div><p></p><div><div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">The other symbol was the vtable for type_info.<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Interesting, now I'm looking into it more, this is an ADDR64 ... yet it's still overflowing ... something fishy there.<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Regarding (2), I guess we could, I just don't know much about it and thought it'd cause me more problems rather than less. Won't I get more issues with things like relocation overflows in a smaller code model?<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Thank you again!<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p>--<br>
Joshua Gerrard<br>
JUCE Software Developer<u></u><u></u></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">ROLI’s </span></i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2fluxury%2fdesign%2f31520%2fthe-seaboard-grand-piano-wins-designs-of-the-year-2014-award.html&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cd2801448dc674e25f6f008d2f4f3de5e%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=Cfa4Yniy9u1y8pJZtGRIw5HeL%2fQ15uTETwPby5FNAFk%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">award-winning</span></i></a><i> Seaboard
GRAND, celebrated as the “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fedition.cnn.com%2f2013%2f09%2f27%2ftech%2finnovation%2fhans-zimmer-seaboard-future-piano%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cd2801448dc674e25f6f008d2f4f3de5e%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=lL%2b7q5Xdpdb3A34aE8PTXB3peiQ8SC5YpdrwiOP2IOY%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">piano
of the future</span></i></a><i>”, is now joined by the </i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.youtube.com%2fwatch%3fv%3dfGr7VbDiRNw&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cd2801448dc674e25f6f008d2f4f3de5e%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=q2wyQ2TD0tv0VxH83G5jKPbrMywsI6168pp1Zb8rCe8%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">Seaboard
RISE</span></i></a><i>, “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.soundonsound.com%2fnews%3fNewsID%3d18726&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cd2801448dc674e25f6f008d2f4f3de5e%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=gEZQilrCkOLbDKovqyH226EEUahDzEiZrllPttUEL7g%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">every
bit as slimline and attractive as its bigger brother</span></i></a><i>”. The press is hailing the Seaboard RISE as “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.wired.co.uk%2fnews%2farchive%2f2015-09%2f10%2fseaboard-rise-digital-keyboard-launch-uk-price&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cd2801448dc674e25f6f008d2f4f3de5e%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=vOlspsqfgcS5Olx36xwXc7YmWWQtilhb3n7zQVr4%2biI%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">innovative</span></i></a><i>”,
“</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fcreatedigitalmusic.com%2f2015%2f09%2fnew-roli-instrument-wants-make-expressive-control-mainstream%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cd2801448dc674e25f6f008d2f4f3de5e%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=y9RkQRt8iK7LDE4YrhU7PwQXmBObFxpNSEtEsWd6xYA%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">expressive</span></i></a><i>”,
“</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fcreatedigitalmusic.com%2f2015%2f09%2fnew-roli-instrument-wants-make-expressive-control-mainstream%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cd2801448dc674e25f6f008d2f4f3de5e%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=y9RkQRt8iK7LDE4YrhU7PwQXmBObFxpNSEtEsWd6xYA%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">accessible</span></i></a><i>”,
and “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.slashgear.com%2froli-seaboard-rise-is-like-3d-touch-for-musicians-11404216%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cd2801448dc674e25f6f008d2f4f3de5e%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=HmfNajBBThARfCkQIO1lop5Nql3fh1CCRTby7ExEXoE%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">a
keyboard controller that does to piano keys what 3D touch does to the iPhone</span></i></a><i>”. Now available for preorder at </i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.roli.com%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cd2801448dc674e25f6f008d2f4f3de5e%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=X3EUT4JLyWqTne34Hy3oEqrRAYq0qbeYMbVxIcjLdfI%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">www.roli.com</span></i></a><i>.</i></span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On 24 November 2015 at 17:15, Andy Ayers <<a href="mailto:andya@microsoft.com" target="_blank">andya@microsoft.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">(off-alias for a sec)</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">I’m a bit surprised you hit problems with (1) – what was the “different symbol” that caused you trouble?</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">If I were you, I’d seriously look into (2) since this will greatly simplify things for you. There are
other tricky relocations (image-based) that won’t work well if sections of an object can be loaded at arbitrary addresses in the full 64 bit space.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="1513a9e428562be2_1513a899f23e0c39_1513a7ea8457a33d__MailEndCompose"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span></a><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Joshua Gerrard [mailto:<a href="mailto:joshua.gerrard@roli.com" target="_blank">joshua.gerrard@roli.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, November 24, 2015 2:12 AM</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<b>To:</b> Andy Ayers <<a href="mailto:andya@microsoft.com" target="_blank">andya@microsoft.com</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org" target="_blank">llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [llvm-dev] COFF::IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32 relocation overflow when compiling for x86_64<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I just tried going along path (1), but I end up with the same issue for a different symbol again, so it seems that (3) is my only option.<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Will take a look around dyld to see if this problem has already been solved anywhere, but if not, I'll see if I can write a more general solution that handles overflowing 32 bit
relocations automatically and upstream it.<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I'll also need to learn some LLVM IR and how to inject this bit of code. Should be a lot of ... fun ?<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I have no idea what a scratch register is.<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks very much for your help again!<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p>--<br>
Joshua Gerrard<br>
JUCE Software Developer<u></u><u></u></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">ROLI’s </span></i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2fluxury%2fdesign%2f31520%2fthe-seaboard-grand-piano-wins-designs-of-the-year-2014-award.html&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7c2036342dc5ea4e7478e608d2f4b7b661%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=141bsEzs99ST4EhdHKxBEoa8KRZWOeJYE3lolbUqrWU%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">award-winning</span></i></a><i> Seaboard
GRAND, celebrated as the “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fedition.cnn.com%2f2013%2f09%2f27%2ftech%2finnovation%2fhans-zimmer-seaboard-future-piano%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7c2036342dc5ea4e7478e608d2f4b7b661%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=cfIRHLpuCL2vrdzpPGG9S0p%2f0FT1OTpWFuhOqdWXs8E%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">piano
of the future</span></i></a><i>”, is now joined by the </i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.youtube.com%2fwatch%3fv%3dfGr7VbDiRNw&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7c2036342dc5ea4e7478e608d2f4b7b661%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=zpczXwLvRAwduHPkZ77zGolH2Kp82gBMjJj8ZuCVflc%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">Seaboard
RISE</span></i></a><i>, “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.soundonsound.com%2fnews%3fNewsID%3d18726&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7c2036342dc5ea4e7478e608d2f4b7b661%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=ee4A8ERhbTvry41ucn%2bw74BIZQxml9zbSmmO%2fmISTwk%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">every
bit as slimline and attractive as its bigger brother</span></i></a><i>”. The press is hailing the Seaboard RISE as “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.wired.co.uk%2fnews%2farchive%2f2015-09%2f10%2fseaboard-rise-digital-keyboard-launch-uk-price&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7c2036342dc5ea4e7478e608d2f4b7b661%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=0qwaMt%2bc%2bceiVKH9K3RAJICl1BrFtdg5eyRcfjhyE8I%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">innovative</span></i></a><i>”,
“</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fcreatedigitalmusic.com%2f2015%2f09%2fnew-roli-instrument-wants-make-expressive-control-mainstream%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7c2036342dc5ea4e7478e608d2f4b7b661%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=B45eKwAn2TL7ldX8TMN4GTYKZoOHq8p3xnfu1sbs2Jg%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">expressive</span></i></a><i>”,
“</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fcreatedigitalmusic.com%2f2015%2f09%2fnew-roli-instrument-wants-make-expressive-control-mainstream%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7c2036342dc5ea4e7478e608d2f4b7b661%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=B45eKwAn2TL7ldX8TMN4GTYKZoOHq8p3xnfu1sbs2Jg%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">accessible</span></i></a><i>”,
and “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.slashgear.com%2froli-seaboard-rise-is-like-3d-touch-for-musicians-11404216%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7c2036342dc5ea4e7478e608d2f4b7b661%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=SwJkZXBRnDLKt%2fFzvV09oMrYhWvEMXkOE2jh%2bxrXMtk%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">a
keyboard controller that does to piano keys what 3D touch does to the iPhone</span></i></a><i>”. Now available for preorder at </i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.roli.com%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7c2036342dc5ea4e7478e608d2f4b7b661%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=HvW7JelD6rU%2bE6zc4u3jDvWqwYQWLeVOq0XzuNwXzIk%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">www.roli.com</span></i></a><i>.</i></span><u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On 23 November 2015 at 19:28, Andy Ayers <<a href="mailto:andya@microsoft.com" target="_blank">andya@microsoft.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p>
<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #cccccc 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Yes, that’s what case (3) is....</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Currently you have something like:</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">@foo()</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> ...</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> call RIP + 32-bit disp to __fperrraise</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> ...</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">That only works if __fperrraise is sufficiently close to the call.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">You can leave some space in the .text section that contains @foo, and when you load that section, if
__fperrraise is too far away, you can create a bit of code there to jump to _fperrraise with a 64 bit disp (whose value you know, so it will be a literal), and call that bit of code from @foo. Since the stub is in the same section it will definitely be reachable.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">It should work pretty generally. The jmp from the stub will be transparent, though there might be some
trickiness if you need a scratch register. You can compute worst-case how many stubs you might need (note you just need one per target, not one per call site) and leave yourself enough space.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">There may already be some support for this in dyld. I haven’t needed it so I haven’t looked that closely.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="1513a9e428562be2_1513a899f23e0c39_1513a7ea8457a33d_15135d1754d62bbc__MailE"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span></a><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Joshua Gerrard [mailto:<a href="mailto:joshua.gerrard@roli.com" target="_blank">joshua.gerrard@roli.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, November 23, 2015 8:58 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Andy Ayers <<a href="mailto:andya@microsoft.com" target="_blank">andya@microsoft.com</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org" target="_blank">llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [llvm-dev] COFF::IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32 relocation overflow when compiling for x86_64</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks Andy, helpful as always!<u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">1 is a possibility, but not ideal for us.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Could you elaborate a little on 3? I don't really know what a jump stub is, but am guessing it's a kind of "alternative symbol" which would just act as a middle man to invoke the
"real" symbol in the static library.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">If that's the case, I can think of a way to implement it for specific symbols, but not for the more general case.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br clear="all">
<u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
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<div>
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<div>
<p>--<br>
Joshua Gerrard<br>
JUCE Software Developer<u></u><u></u></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">ROLI’s </span></i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2fluxury%2fdesign%2f31520%2fthe-seaboard-grand-piano-wins-designs-of-the-year-2014-award.html&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7ca21458767056455f1af408d2f42736b5%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=%2fgxyxsJ5WUDfyHudFXYN1XAy9eKjwz8bnZujH0PuL6Q%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">award-winning</span></i></a><i> Seaboard
GRAND, celebrated as the “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fedition.cnn.com%2f2013%2f09%2f27%2ftech%2finnovation%2fhans-zimmer-seaboard-future-piano%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7ca21458767056455f1af408d2f42736b5%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=bHjzyL%2f86kMolRXlL5GLLyuT5y81SB7bVi%2bsncAU1xA%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">piano
of the future</span></i></a><i>”, is now joined by the </i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.youtube.com%2fwatch%3fv%3dfGr7VbDiRNw&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7ca21458767056455f1af408d2f42736b5%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=sj1TMdJ3rgWyoZUx358B5kqd7VJniAtuHNwC2crO5mE%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">Seaboard
RISE</span></i></a><i>, “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.soundonsound.com%2fnews%3fNewsID%3d18726&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7ca21458767056455f1af408d2f42736b5%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=bENWYQoSd5yz8pCcdcoIBACTgmlIr8Yr3JTL7SLR0aE%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">every
bit as slimline and attractive as its bigger brother</span></i></a><i>”. The press is hailing the Seaboard RISE as “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.wired.co.uk%2fnews%2farchive%2f2015-09%2f10%2fseaboard-rise-digital-keyboard-launch-uk-price&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7ca21458767056455f1af408d2f42736b5%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=i9Z%2flXTTQ%2btkiQpWpLwDOQhqZlgq64dVrXEP5c8G804%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">innovative</span></i></a><i>”,
“</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fcreatedigitalmusic.com%2f2015%2f09%2fnew-roli-instrument-wants-make-expressive-control-mainstream%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7ca21458767056455f1af408d2f42736b5%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=6Px83pvi1oWT0sgQ2kGuCkfINmFV4ViyNjboMN7%2fklU%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">expressive</span></i></a><i>”,
“</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fcreatedigitalmusic.com%2f2015%2f09%2fnew-roli-instrument-wants-make-expressive-control-mainstream%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7ca21458767056455f1af408d2f42736b5%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=6Px83pvi1oWT0sgQ2kGuCkfINmFV4ViyNjboMN7%2fklU%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">accessible</span></i></a><i>”,
and “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.slashgear.com%2froli-seaboard-rise-is-like-3d-touch-for-musicians-11404216%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7ca21458767056455f1af408d2f42736b5%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=CRz4T2P3rw9MYmcoV6T0HVPDzRGaBcjx4u461jZuFtM%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">a
keyboard controller that does to piano keys what 3D touch does to the iPhone</span></i></a><i>”. Now available for preorder at </i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.roli.com%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7ca21458767056455f1af408d2f42736b5%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=99XH7mWP1JtbRpodnpbra3wUfYze9aWDHkDoOOcGSlo%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">www.roli.com</span></i></a><i>.</i></span><u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On 23 November 2015 at 16:27, Andy Ayers <<a href="mailto:andya@microsoft.com" target="_blank">andya@microsoft.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p>
<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #cccccc 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Microsoft compilers have for quite a while now assumed the code you compile is going to be linked into
PE images, which are limited to 4GB. So they assume a small memory model and use 32 bit relocations. If at link time it turns out your export is from a DLL the linker will insert a jump stub / dllimport into the image for you which can handle larger distances.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">So you can’t straightforwardly load code from a static CRT library into the Dyld-hosted process, since
the latter assumes a large memory model.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Your choices are:</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">1.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;color:#1f497d">
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Dynamically link whatever you’re compiling against the CRT (compile with /MD or /MDd as appropriate)</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">2.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;color:#1f497d">
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">I think there has been some work on supporting small memory models in Dyld, you could try that out</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">3.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;color:#1f497d">
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Implement a jump stub that is “nearby” the code you’ve compiled that can branch to the target (that is, emulate what the linker does)</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="1513a9e428562be2_1513a899f23e0c39_1513a7ea8457a33d_15135d1754d62bbc_151352"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span></a><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> llvm-dev [mailto:<a href="mailto:llvm-dev-bounces@lists.llvm.org" target="_blank">llvm-dev-bounces@lists.llvm.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Joshua Gerrard via llvm-dev<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, November 23, 2015 3:50 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> llvm-dev <<a href="mailto:llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org" target="_blank">llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [llvm-dev] COFF::IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32 relocation overflow when compiling for x86_64</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Some time ago I posted here regarding a relocation overflow on Windows (among other things), but the issue disappeared and so the thread got left. I've started this new thread because
a) I didn't want to necro the old one and b) it felt like its own.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I've now encountered the issue again and am noting down all the information I can get about it whilst it's happening.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">The issues is that I am getting a relocation overflow assertion inside RuntimeDyldCOFFX86_64.h inside the COFF::IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32 case.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">However, the other thread left me with the impression that I shouldn't be getting such relocation when I'm compiling for 64 bit. The only reason I can think of for this that I'm
not supposed to get 32 bit relocations in the code I'm building rather than all the code being loaded.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">The LLVM side of the call stack looks like this:<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-left:30.0pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">_wassert(const wchar_t * expr, const wchar_t * filename, unsigned int lineno) Line 369 C<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">llvm::RuntimeDyldCOFFX86_64::resolveRelocation(const llvm::RelocationEntry & RE, unsigned __int64 Value) Line 81 C++<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">llvm::RuntimeDyldImpl::resolveRelocationList(const llvm::SmallVector<llvm::RelocationEntry,64> & Relocs, unsigned __int64 Value) Line 796 C++<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">llvm::RuntimeDyldImpl::resolveExternalSymbols() Line 849 C++<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">llvm::RuntimeDyldImpl::resolveRelocations() Line 95 C++<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">llvm::RuntimeDyld::resolveRelocations() Line 961 C++<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">llvm::orc::ObjectLinkingLayer<llvm::orc::DoNothingOnNotifyLoaded>::ConcreteLinkedObjectSet<std::shared_ptr<llvm::SectionMemoryManager>,ClangClasses::LLVMExecutionEngine::LinkingResolver
* __ptr64>::Finalize() Line 112 C++<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">llvm::orc::ObjectLinkingLayer<llvm::orc::DoNothingOnNotifyLoaded>::findSymbolIn::__l19::<lambda>() Line 246 C++<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">std::_Callable_obj<unsigned __int64 <lambda>(void),0>::_ApplyX<unsigned __int64>() Line 284 C++<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">std::_Func_impl<std::_Callable_obj<unsigned __int64 <lambda>(void),0>,std::allocator<std::_Func_class<unsigned __int64> >,unsigned __int64>::_Do_call() Line 229 C++<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">std::_Func_class<unsigned __int64>::operator()() Line 316 C++<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">llvm::orc::JITSymbol::getAddress() Line 62 C++<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">RelType is 4 (IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32).<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Value is 139830239098107.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Addend is 0.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">The symbol that is currently being resolved is _fperrraise. I did some researching and it appears that this symbol resides in libcmtd.lib (for me the path is C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft
Visual Studio 12.0\VC\lib\amd64\libcmtd.lib).<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">The relocation type stated in that library (information gathered from dumpbin) is REL32.<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I'm not sure what other information there is for me to gather, could somebody please help me resolve this?<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Many thanks in advance!<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p>--<br>
Joshua Gerrard<br>
JUCE Software Developer<u></u><u></u></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">ROLI’s </span></i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2fluxury%2fdesign%2f31520%2fthe-seaboard-grand-piano-wins-designs-of-the-year-2014-award.html&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cdea4217b5ead441afcf508d2f3fc3084%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=Ykf6luCK%2f2N%2bWIfoJ2xCjeUPQcAvUo70IsWas%2boRido%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">award-winning</span></i></a><i> Seaboard
GRAND, celebrated as the “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fedition.cnn.com%2f2013%2f09%2f27%2ftech%2finnovation%2fhans-zimmer-seaboard-future-piano%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cdea4217b5ead441afcf508d2f3fc3084%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=F3ZwPreXW3KJcEwCzim4YG%2ftGYGrzT8yCS9lQ7pD4Tw%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">piano
of the future</span></i></a><i>”, is now joined by the </i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.youtube.com%2fwatch%3fv%3dfGr7VbDiRNw&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cdea4217b5ead441afcf508d2f3fc3084%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=xaAx43eo5wz73jydxQaa3Lr6%2bvKAp1ui17tqqTELN9M%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">Seaboard
RISE</span></i></a><i>, “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.soundonsound.com%2fnews%3fNewsID%3d18726&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cdea4217b5ead441afcf508d2f3fc3084%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=J8FxKgDY30hPP68pFtrGMa49OeGyGOitZrPxA5BrH8U%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">every
bit as slimline and attractive as its bigger brother</span></i></a><i>”. The press is hailing the Seaboard RISE as “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.wired.co.uk%2fnews%2farchive%2f2015-09%2f10%2fseaboard-rise-digital-keyboard-launch-uk-price&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cdea4217b5ead441afcf508d2f3fc3084%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=OKI6eDu1U0AAN4YqwQczE%2fDAxYA3i%2baOL7Vw31v6ueY%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">innovative</span></i></a><i>”,
“</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fcreatedigitalmusic.com%2f2015%2f09%2fnew-roli-instrument-wants-make-expressive-control-mainstream%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cdea4217b5ead441afcf508d2f3fc3084%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=iP67j7MpThqiuuKSX5cVbJDHZFKN8KHnICGWLCulVhw%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">expressive</span></i></a><i>”,
“</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fcreatedigitalmusic.com%2f2015%2f09%2fnew-roli-instrument-wants-make-expressive-control-mainstream%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cdea4217b5ead441afcf508d2f3fc3084%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=iP67j7MpThqiuuKSX5cVbJDHZFKN8KHnICGWLCulVhw%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">accessible</span></i></a><i>”,
and “</i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.slashgear.com%2froli-seaboard-rise-is-like-3d-touch-for-musicians-11404216%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cdea4217b5ead441afcf508d2f3fc3084%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=P9hBMgrTEZupSsqBdX081ZpH1h%2bccISnlZ7vnBp%2bScU%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">a
keyboard controller that does to piano keys what 3D touch does to the iPhone</span></i></a><i>”. Now available for preorder at </i><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.roli.com%2f&data=01%7c01%7candya%40microsoft.com%7cdea4217b5ead441afcf508d2f3fc3084%7c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7c1&sdata=%2bwHEhValdk0plr5GqFNZVsOS9yNPz9n06qH39rjF2DE%3d" target="_blank"><i><span style="color:#1155cc">www.roli.com</span></i></a><i>.</i></span><u></u><u></u></p>
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