<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">It is not clear to me if these GC pointers are actually living in a different address space when allocated on the stack (aka. you have two different stacks) or if the address space is just a way to mark that that pointer is a GC-pointer , but all the stack allocation actually lives in the same address space (presumably 0).<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Marcello<br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 26 Aug 2015, at 20:39, Swaroop Sridhar via llvm-dev <<a href="mailto:llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org" class="">llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">Please see inline.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Chandler Carruth [<a href="mailto:chandlerc@google.com" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">mailto:chandlerc@google.com</a>]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Wednesday, August 26, 2015 7:03 PM<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Swaroop Sridhar <<a href="mailto:Swaroop.Sridhar@microsoft.com" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">Swaroop.Sridhar@microsoft.com</a>>; llvm-dev <<a href="mailto:llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org</a>>; Philip Reames <<a href="mailto:listmail@philipreames.com" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">listmail@philipreames.com</a>>; Sanjoy Das <<a href="mailto:sanjoy@playingwithpointers.com" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">sanjoy@playingwithpointers.com</a>><br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [llvm-dev] RFC: alloca -- specify address space for allocation<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">On Wed, Aug 26, 2015 at 6:46 PM Swaroop Sridhar via llvm-dev <<a href="mailto:llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org</a>> wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><blockquote style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-width: 1pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 6pt; margin: 5pt 0in 5pt 4.8pt;" class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Currently, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">alloca</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>instruction always allocates in the generic address space (0).<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">This proposal is to extend the semantics of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">alloca</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>instruction to allow allocation in any specified address space.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><b class="">Proposed Syntax</b><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><result> = alloca [inalloca] <type> [, <ty> <NumElements>] [, align <alignment>]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">[,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="background-color: white;" class="">addrspace<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><<span style="background-color: white;" class="">num</span>>]</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>; yields type addrspace(num)*:result</span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><b class="">Motivation</b><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Managed language clients typically use address space 1 to represent GC-pointers.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Some managed clients (CLR, in particular) allow construction of GC pointers to stack locations.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">For example, MSIL instruction ldloca (ECMA 335, p 370) creates a GC pointer to a stack local.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Creating an<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">addrespace(1)*</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>pointer to a stack location currently involves two steps: the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">alloca</span>, and an<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">addrspacecast</span>.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Managed code transformations (ex:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">RewriteStatepointsForGC</span>) do not handle arbitrary address space casting.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">So, it is desirable to obtain the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">addrespace(1)*</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>pointer by construction.<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div></div></blockquote><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">I don't have a particular or specific objection here necessarily, but I have to admit I don't understand the use case (yet). I'm hoping you can explain it to me more thoroughly.<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">What semantics do you expect for GC pointer to a stack location? That's what I don't really understand. Some questions that leap to mind, but may be the wrong questions (so feel free to point me in the right direction here)...<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">CLR defines the a kind of GC pointer called “managed pointer” , which can point to a local variable, heap object, parameter, field of a compound type, or element of an array</span>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">The semantics of managed pointer is liberally defined to support by-reference passing. For example, in this C# example:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">public</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">class</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);" class="">Obj<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">{ </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">public</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">int</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> i; }<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">public</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">static</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">int</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> Test() {<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);" class="">Obj</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> obj = </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">new</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);" class="">Obj</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">();<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">int</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>i=0;<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> …<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">if</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">(cond) {<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> Fn(</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">ref</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> i); </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: green;" class="">// managed pointer to a stack location</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> }<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">else</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> {<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> Fn(</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: blue;" class="">ref</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> obj.i); </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas; color: green;" class="">// managed pointer to a heap location</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""> }<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">}<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">- Can I promote such a location to an SSA register?<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">The rules for the stack location is the same as any address-taken location.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">I don’t think the fact that the generated address is a managed pointer should make a difference.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">- What does it mean to collect a stack location?<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">The stack location is not GCed or relocated.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">For a reported managed pointer, if the referenced location is outside the bounds of the GC-heap, the runtime leaves it alone.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">- Can I merge stack allocations that are GC pointers? Can I re-use them? What semantics do I get?<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">- Do GC pointers to stack locations have any different aliasing properties?<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">- When the optimizer needs to create a new stack allocation, what address space should it be in?<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">I’ll answer these questions in my next email.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Ultimately, to make this change, you'll also need to change a decent amount of code in the optimizer that will blindly create stack allocations in address space zero.<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Without a better understanding of both the motivation and the resulting consequences such as what I've outlined in my questions above, it is very hard for me to feel comfortable with this kind of change.<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><blockquote style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-width: 1pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 6pt; margin: 5pt 0in 5pt 4.8pt;" class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Thanks,<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Swaroop.<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">LLVM Developers mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org" target="_blank" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org</a><br class=""><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com_-3Furl-3Dhttp-253a-252f-252flists.llvm.org-252fcgi-2Dbin-252fmailman-252flistinfo-252fllvm-2Ddev-26data-3D01-257c01-257cSwaroop.Sridhar-2540microsoft.com-257c58ded8bf3e5141b4884c08d2ae839898-257c72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47-257c1-26sdata-3DxY2wWEhcEGdjQtcEqzSAXstTDgFW-252fxPl4RhJIDYQCCY-253d&d=BQMGaQ&c=eEvniauFctOgLOKGJOplqw&r=THu9ANfN9LYlQTYNQdmA7D-MsdMl2OioTAKXjMfn7i4&m=rPG5Brg7MCC-dk2NfmVIUdydnG-sBY4i5vxuuhfMjn4&s=JKA46T4ShURRYPiglJdaLfv4njMVPeb-zf_i0CiLfbw&e=" target="_blank" style="color: purple; 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