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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Ahh yeah duh, your right. I misread that.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">That doesn’t solve this problem however, which is a different example of what I was trying to show but failed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">kernel void test(local int* a) {<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">local int*ptr = NULL;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">if (a != ptr) *a = 0;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">}<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">from host code:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">test(0);
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Micah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Clark Smith Cox III [mailto:clark.cox@apple.com]
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<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, November 19, 2013 12:40 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Micah Villmow<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Michael LIAO; llvmdev@cs.uiuc.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [LLVMdev] Null pointers with a non-0 representation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Nov 19, 2013, at 10:52, Micah Villmow <<a href="mailto:micah.villmow@smachines.com">micah.villmow@smachines.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">+llvm-dev</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Yes. The question then becomes, does LLVM handle the case where the cast of the value 0 to a non-void* pointer?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Think of this case:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">int *<b>ptr = (int</b>*)0;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">based on a strict reading of the spec, ptr itself technically is not the null pointer constant.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Not true, the literal zero *is* a null pointer constant, which is then converted to a null pointer.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">If ptr points to an object in the local address space in OpenCL, or any address space where 0 is a valid address and memory exists, does LLVM handle this correctly?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I don’t believe that it does, but I can’t say for certain.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Micah</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">Michael
LIAO [<a href="mailto:michael.hliao@gmail.com"><span style="color:purple">mailto:michael.hliao@gmail.com</span></a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday, November 17, 2013 10:46 PM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Micah Villmow<br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [LLVMdev] Null pointers with a non-0 representation</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Micah & Michael<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">By C standard, section 6.3.2.2, "An integer constant expression with the value 0, or such an expression cast to type void *, is called a null pointer constant. If a null pointer constant is converted to a pointer type, the resulting pointer,
called a null pointer, is guaranteed to compare unequal to a pointer to any object or function." As LLVM IR is modelled after C, I assume null pointer in LLVM IR is equivalent to 0 as well. The folding from 0 to null pointer in LLVM follows that behaviour
very similar.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">- michael<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Nov 17, 2013 at 1:00 PM, Micah Villmow <<a href="mailto:micah.villmow@smachines.com" target="_blank"><span style="color:purple">micah.villmow@smachines.com</span></a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">The reason why I suggested looking there is because the same questions came up as address 0 in some of the OpenCL address spaces are legal addresses. So in order to solve this problem, they would have to find
answers to your questions, mainly your ‘c)’ question. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I took a look at LangRef and it does look like there is a ‘null’ representation of the null pointer constant, which wasn’t part of LLVM back when I worked on this problem. So maybe you are just running into
an issue where the code hasn’t been updated yet because it works on everyones platform but yours.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><br>
Micah</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">Kuperstein,
Michael M [mailto:<a href="mailto:michael.m.kuperstein@intel.com" target="_blank"><span style="color:purple">michael.m.kuperstein@intel.com</span></a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday, November 17, 2013 3:28 AM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Micah Villmow;<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:LLVMdev@cs.uiuc.edu" target="_blank"><span style="color:purple">LLVMdev@cs.uiuc.edu</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<b>Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>RE: Null pointers with a non-0 representation<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Hi Micah,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Thanks a lot for the reference.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Unfortunately, it looks like the discussion there is dealing with a somewhat different issue – modeling OpenCL address spaces. It’s true that the null pointer issue may arise in a similar context (e.g. null pointers
in different address spaces may have different internal representations), but it’s not entirely related. Or have I missed something in the thread?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Thanks,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> Michael</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">Micah
Villmow [<a href="mailto:micah.villmow@smachines.com" target="_blank"><span style="color:purple">mailto:micah.villmow@smachines.com</span></a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday, November 17, 2013 11:42<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Kuperstein, Michael M;<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:LLVMdev@cs.uiuc.edu" target="_blank"><span style="color:purple">LLVMdev@cs.uiuc.edu</span></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>RE: Null pointers with a non-0 representation</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I ran into the same problem in OpenCL with Local/Private address spaces and I believe it was discussed here in the past. So I would suggest looking through the archives as I believe some of your questions are
answered there.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">This post might be a good starting point:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/llvmdev/2011-October/044101.html" target="_blank"><span style="color:purple">http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/llvmdev/2011-October/044101.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Also the SPIR provisional spec as of last November deals with this issue if I remember correctly, so maybe you can discuss with Boaz Ouriel if he is still at Intel Israel about how they went about handling this
problem, or look at the SPIR related posts from last year.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Hope this helps,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Micah</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""><a href="mailto:llvmdev-bounces@cs.uiuc.edu" target="_blank"><span style="color:purple">llvmdev-bounces@cs.uiuc.edu</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>[<a href="mailto:llvmdev-bounces@cs.uiuc.edu" target="_blank"><span style="color:purple">mailto:llvmdev-bounces@cs.uiuc.edu</span></a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On
Behalf Of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Kuperstein, Michael M<br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday, November 17, 2013 1:15 AM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:LLVMdev@cs.uiuc.edu" target="_blank"><span style="color:purple">LLVMdev@cs.uiuc.edu</span></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>[LLVMdev] Null pointers with a non-0 representation</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I feel a bit silly asking this, but here goes.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">The C spec does not require the null pointer to be implemented as an integer with the 0 bit-pattern. The implementation may arbitrarily choose any other (integer, but not necessarily) representation, as long as it’s distinct from any legal
pointer. The only requirement is that casting an integer 0 to a pointer type results in a null pointer. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">LLVM IR appears to have similar the casting behavior. That is, if I try to create a pointer with integer value 0 (e.g. by constructing an inttoptr constant expression with a i32 0 argument), it gets immediately folded into a null pointer
constant. Furthermore, a PtrToInt from a null pointer results in 0 (which is even “stricter” than the C spec.)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">So, that raises a few question:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p>a)<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Are those the desired semantics? I guess if clang generates this kind of IntToPtr instructions (as opposed to directly resolving the cast to a null pointer) this is unavoidable.
But otherwise, why does LLVM treat null pointers and pointers with the integer value 0 as equivalent?<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
It’s completely natural for most platforms, but isn’t necessarily the right thing to do.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>b)<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Assuming this is really desirable, should the fact that casting an integer 0 to a pointer type results in a null pointer be documented in the langref (as part of the
inttoptr/ptrtoint documentation)? Or is it too “low-level”?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>c)<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Let’s say I want to create a pointer with the numeric value 0, distinct from the null pointer, because 0 really does represent a valid pointer on my platform. Should
this possible at the IR level? If it should be, then how?<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Anyone has any inputs, except laughing me out of the (virtual) room? :-)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> Michael<o:p></o:p></p>
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