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<p><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 12pt;">>The Linux manual page of "end" says about the symbols as follows.</span><br>
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<div>> </div>
<div>> etext This is the first address past the end of the text segment (the program code).</div>
<div>> edata This is the first address past the end of the initialized data segment.<br>
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<div>> </div>
<div>>Is your implementation correct? Your implementation seems like this.</div>
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<div>> etext is the last address past the end of any writable segment</div>
<div>> edata is the last address past the end of any initialized data segment</div>
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<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
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<div class="gmail_extra">It is also said that "<span style="color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: monospace, courier;">although these symbols have long been provided on most UNIX systems, </span><span style="color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: monospace, courier;">they
are not standardized; use with caution</span><span style="color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: monospace, courier;">".</span></div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><span style="color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: monospace, courier;"></span><span style="color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: monospace, courier;">Oracle description is a bit different:</span></div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><span style="color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: monospace, courier;"><br>
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<div class="gmail_extra"><span style="color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: monospace, courier;"><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E53394_01/html/E54766/u-etext-3c.html">https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E53394_01/html/E54766/u-etext-3c.html</a><br>
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<div class="gmail_extra"><dt style="font-weight: bold; padding: 5px 0px 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<tt style="font-family: Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">_etext</tt></dt><dd style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 17px;">The address of <tt style="font-family: Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">_etext</tt> is the first location after the last read-only loadable segment.</p>
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<tt style="font-family: Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">_edata</tt></dt><dd style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 17px;">The address of <tt style="font-family: Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">_edata</tt> is the first location after the last read-write loadable segment.<br>
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I think my implementation is:<br>
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<div class="gmail_extra"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">etext is the last address past the end of
<strong>last</strong> <strong>non</strong> writable segment</span><br>
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<div class="gmail_extra"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">edata is the last address past the end of
<span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<strong>last</strong></span> initialized data segment</span><br>
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<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
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<div class="gmail_extra">I believe my implementation equals to gold output now.<br>
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<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
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<div class="gmail_extra">George.<br>
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