Kaleidoscope - C++11 modernization.

Lang Hames via llvm-commits llvm-commits at lists.llvm.org
Tue Aug 18 11:13:22 PDT 2015


> It does look like this adds a long line or two though - do you mind clang-format'ing
the patch?

Clang-formatting the tutorials is a good idea. I've applied this patch in
r245322 - I'll follow up with a clang-format patch next.

- Lang.

On Mon, Aug 17, 2015 at 10:03 PM, Justin Bogner <mail at justinbogner.com>
wrote:

> Lang Hames via llvm-commits <llvm-commits at lists.llvm.org> writes:
> > Hi All,
> >
> > Attached is a patch to partially C++11'ify the Kaleidoscope tutorials.
> There
> > are a few LLVM coding convention fixes and range-based for loops in
> here, but
> > the bulk of the patch is concerned with switching raw pointers to
> unique_ptr.
> >
> > This is a significant change from the original Kaleidoscope tutorials
> which
> > deliberately avoided any memory management so as not to overcomplicate
> the
> > examples. I thought it was time to revisit this idea, since C++11 has
> removed
> > a lot of the complication of C++ memory management, and there's a
> benefit to
> > having the tutorial code more closely resemble the rest of the LLVM
> codebase.
> >
> > Any thoughts/feedback on this direction?
>
> This is great - it isn't really harder to understand and it's that much
> closer to what the code you'll actually want to write after reading the
> tutorial. LGTM.
>
> It does look like this adds a long line or two though - do you mind
> clang-format'ing the patch? Actually, a lot of this code predates our
> formatting rules and you're touching half of the lines anyway, so it's
> probably reasonable to just clang-format the whole thing in a prep patch
> before this one if you feel like it.
>
> > I see this as a first step towards fully modernizing the Kaleidoscope
> > tutorials. My next step will be to update Chapter 4 onwards to bring
> them up
> > to speed with the recent JIT API changes - I've already started work on a
> > follow-up patch for this. If anybody else is interested in helping me
> bring
> > these tutorials up to speed let me know - assistance will very welcome.
> >
> > - Lang.
> >
> > Index: docs/tutorial/LangImpl1.rst
> > ===================================================================
> > --- docs/tutorial/LangImpl1.rst       (revision 245236)
> > +++ docs/tutorial/LangImpl1.rst       (working copy)
> > @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
> >  about teaching compiler techniques and LLVM specifically, *not* about
> >  teaching modern and sane software engineering principles. In practice,
> >  this means that we'll take a number of shortcuts to simplify the
> > -exposition. For example, the code leaks memory, uses global variables
> > +exposition. For example, the code uses global variables
> >  all over the place, doesn't use nice design patterns like
> >  `visitors <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visitor_pattern>`_, etc... but
> >  it is very simple. If you dig in and use the code as a basis for future
> > Index: docs/tutorial/LangImpl2.rst
> > ===================================================================
> > --- docs/tutorial/LangImpl2.rst       (revision 245236)
> > +++ docs/tutorial/LangImpl2.rst       (working copy)
> > @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
> >      class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >        double Val;
> >      public:
> > -      NumberExprAST(double val) : Val(val) {}
> > +      NumberExprAST(double Val) : Val(Val) {}
> >      };
> >
> >  The code above shows the definition of the base ExprAST class and one
> > @@ -66,16 +66,17 @@
> >      class VariableExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >        std::string Name;
> >      public:
> > -      VariableExprAST(const std::string &name) : Name(name) {}
> > +      VariableExprAST(const std::string &Name) : Name(Name) {}
> >      };
> >
> >      /// BinaryExprAST - Expression class for a binary operator.
> >      class BinaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >        char Op;
> > -      ExprAST *LHS, *RHS;
> > +      std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS, RHS;
> >      public:
> > -      BinaryExprAST(char op, ExprAST *lhs, ExprAST *rhs)
> > -        : Op(op), LHS(lhs), RHS(rhs) {}
> > +      BinaryExprAST(char op, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS,
> > +                    std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> RHS)
> > +        : Op(op), LHS(std::move(LHS)), RHS(std::move(RHS)) {}
> >      };
> >
> >      /// CallExprAST - Expression class for function calls.
> > @@ -83,8 +84,9 @@
> >        std::string Callee;
> >        std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
> >      public:
> > -      CallExprAST(const std::string &callee, std::vector<ExprAST*>
> &args)
> > -        : Callee(callee), Args(args) {}
> > +      CallExprAST(const std::string &Callee,
> > +                  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args)
> > +        : Callee(Callee), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >      };
> >
> >  This is all (intentionally) rather straight-forward: variables capture
> > @@ -110,17 +112,18 @@
> >        std::string Name;
> >        std::vector<std::string> Args;
> >      public:
> > -      PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, const
> std::vector<std::string> &args)
> > -        : Name(name), Args(args) {}
> > +      PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, std::vector<std::string>
> Args)
> > +        : Name(name), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >      };
> >
> >      /// FunctionAST - This class represents a function definition
> itself.
> >      class FunctionAST {
> > -      PrototypeAST *Proto;
> > -      ExprAST *Body;
> > +      std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto;
> > +      std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body;
> >      public:
> > -      FunctionAST(PrototypeAST *proto, ExprAST *body)
> > -        : Proto(proto), Body(body) {}
> > +      FunctionAST(std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto,
> > +                  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +        : Proto(std::move(Proto)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >      };
> >
> >  In Kaleidoscope, functions are typed with just a count of their
> > @@ -142,9 +145,10 @@
> >
> >  .. code-block:: c++
> >
> > -      ExprAST *X = new VariableExprAST("x");
> > -      ExprAST *Y = new VariableExprAST("y");
> > -      ExprAST *Result = new BinaryExprAST('+', X, Y);
> > +      auto LHS = llvm::make_unique<VariableExprAST>("x");
> > +      auto RHS = llvm::make_unique<VariableExprAST>("y");
> > +      auto Result = std::make_unique<BinaryExprAST>('+', std::move(LHS),
> > +                                                    std::move(RHS));
> >
> >  In order to do this, we'll start by defining some basic helper routines:
> >
> > @@ -190,10 +194,10 @@
> >  .. code-block:: c++
> >
> >      /// numberexpr ::= number
> > -    static ExprAST *ParseNumberExpr() {
> > -      ExprAST *Result = new NumberExprAST(NumVal);
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseNumberExpr() {
> > +      auto Result = llvm::make_unique<NumberExprAST>(NumVal);
> >        getNextToken(); // consume the number
> > -      return Result;
> > +      return std::move(Result);
> >      }
> >
> >  This routine is very simple: it expects to be called when the current
> > @@ -211,10 +215,10 @@
> >  .. code-block:: c++
> >
> >      /// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
> > -    static ExprAST *ParseParenExpr() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseParenExpr() {
> >        getNextToken();  // eat (.
> > -      ExprAST *V = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (!V) return 0;
> > +      auto V = ParseExpression();
> > +      if (!V) return nullptr;
> >
> >        if (CurTok != ')')
> >          return Error("expected ')'");
> > @@ -250,22 +254,22 @@
> >      /// identifierexpr
> >      ///   ::= identifier
> >      ///   ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
> > -    static ExprAST *ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> >        std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;
> >
> >        getNextToken();  // eat identifier.
> >
> >        if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
> > -        return new VariableExprAST(IdName);
> > +        return llvm::make_unique<VariableExprAST>(IdName);
> >
> >        // Call.
> >        getNextToken();  // eat (
> > -      std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
> > +      std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >        if (CurTok != ')') {
> >          while (1) {
> > -          ExprAST *Arg = ParseExpression();
> > -          if (!Arg) return 0;
> > -          Args.push_back(Arg);
> > +          auto Arg = ParseExpression();
> > +          if (!Arg) return nullptr;
> > +          Args.push_back(std::move(Arg));
> >
> >            if (CurTok == ')') break;
> >
> > @@ -278,7 +282,7 @@
> >        // Eat the ')'.
> >        getNextToken();
> >
> > -      return new CallExprAST(IdName, Args);
> > +      return llvm::make_unique<CallExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Args));
> >      }
> >
> >  This routine follows the same style as the other routines. (It expects
> > @@ -303,7 +307,7 @@
> >      ///   ::= identifierexpr
> >      ///   ::= numberexpr
> >      ///   ::= parenexpr
> > -    static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParsePrimary() {
> >        switch (CurTok) {
> >        default: return Error("unknown token when expecting an
> expression");
> >        case tok_identifier: return ParseIdentifierExpr();
> > @@ -390,11 +394,11 @@
> >      /// expression
> >      ///   ::= primary binoprhs
> >      ///
> > -    static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
> > -      ExprAST *LHS = ParsePrimary();
> > -      if (!LHS) return 0;
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression() {
> > +      auto LHS = ParsePrimary();
> > +      if (!LHS) return nullptr;
> >
> > -      return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
> > +      return ParseBinOpRHS(0, std::move(LHS));
> >      }
> >
> >  ``ParseBinOpRHS`` is the function that parses the sequence of pairs for
> > @@ -416,7 +420,8 @@
> >
> >      /// binoprhs
> >      ///   ::= ('+' primary)*
> > -    static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec,
> > +
> std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS) {
> >        // If this is a binop, find its precedence.
> >        while (1) {
> >          int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> > @@ -440,8 +445,8 @@
> >          getNextToken();  // eat binop
> >
> >          // Parse the primary expression after the binary operator.
> > -        ExprAST *RHS = ParsePrimary();
> > -        if (!RHS) return 0;
> > +        auto RHS = ParsePrimary();
> > +        if (!RHS) return nullptr;
> >
> >  As such, this code eats (and remembers) the binary operator and then
> >  parses the primary expression that follows. This builds up the whole
> > @@ -474,7 +479,8 @@
> >          }
> >
> >          // Merge LHS/RHS.
> > -        LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinOp, LHS, RHS);
> > +        LHS = llvm::make_unique<BinaryExprAST>(BinOp, std::move(LHS),
> > +                                               std::move(RHS));
> >        }  // loop around to the top of the while loop.
> >      }
> >
> > @@ -498,11 +504,12 @@
> >          // the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
> >          int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> >          if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
> > -          RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec+1, RHS);
> > +          RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec+1, std::move(RHS));
> >            if (RHS == 0) return 0;
> >          }
> >          // Merge LHS/RHS.
> > -        LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinOp, LHS, RHS);
> > +        LHS = llvm::make_unique<BinaryExprAST>(BinOp, std::move(LHS),
> > +                                               std::move(RHS));
> >        }  // loop around to the top of the while loop.
> >      }
> >
> > @@ -541,7 +548,7 @@
> >
> >      /// prototype
> >      ///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
> > -    static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParsePrototype() {
> >        if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> >          return ErrorP("Expected function name in prototype");
> >
> > @@ -561,7 +568,7 @@
> >        // success.
> >        getNextToken();  // eat ')'.
> >
> > -      return new PrototypeAST(FnName, ArgNames);
> > +      return llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>(FnName,
> std::move(ArgNames));
> >      }
> >
> >  Given this, a function definition is very simple, just a prototype plus
> > @@ -570,14 +577,14 @@
> >  .. code-block:: c++
> >
> >      /// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
> > -    static FunctionAST *ParseDefinition() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseDefinition() {
> >        getNextToken();  // eat def.
> > -      PrototypeAST *Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > -      if (Proto == 0) return 0;
> > +      auto Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > +      if (!Proto) return nullptr;
> >
> > -      if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression())
> > -        return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > -      return 0;
> > +      if (auto E = ParseExpression())
> > +        return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >  In addition, we support 'extern' to declare functions like 'sin' and
> > @@ -587,7 +594,7 @@
> >  .. code-block:: c++
> >
> >      /// external ::= 'extern' prototype
> > -    static PrototypeAST *ParseExtern() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParseExtern() {
> >        getNextToken();  // eat extern.
> >        return ParsePrototype();
> >      }
> > @@ -599,13 +606,13 @@
> >  .. code-block:: c++
> >
> >      /// toplevelexpr ::= expression
> > -    static FunctionAST *ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > -      if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression()) {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > +      if (auto E = ParseExpression()) {
> >          // Make an anonymous proto.
> > -        PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > -        return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > +        auto Proto = llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>("",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > +        return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> >        }
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >  Now that we have all the pieces, let's build a little driver that will
> > Index: docs/tutorial/LangImpl3.rst
> > ===================================================================
> > --- docs/tutorial/LangImpl3.rst       (revision 245236)
> > +++ docs/tutorial/LangImpl3.rst       (working copy)
> > @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
> >      class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >        double Val;
> >      public:
> > -      NumberExprAST(double val) : Val(val) {}
> > +      NumberExprAST(double Val) : Val(Val) {}
> >        virtual Value *Codegen();
> >      };
> >      ...
> > Index: docs/tutorial/LangImpl4.rst
> > ===================================================================
> > --- docs/tutorial/LangImpl4.rst       (revision 245236)
> > +++ docs/tutorial/LangImpl4.rst       (working copy)
> > @@ -260,12 +260,12 @@
> >
> >      static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
> >        // Evaluate a top-level expression into an anonymous function.
> > -      if (FunctionAST *F = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > -        if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
> > -          LF->dump();  // Dump the function for exposition purposes.
> > +      if (auto FnAST = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > +        if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->Codegen()) {
> > +          FnIR->dump();  // Dump the function for exposition purposes.
> >
> >            // JIT the function, returning a function pointer.
> > -          void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(LF);
> > +          void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(FnIR);
> >
> >            // Cast it to the right type (takes no arguments, returns a
> double) so we
> >            // can call it as a native function.
> > Index: docs/tutorial/LangImpl5.rst
> > ===================================================================
> > --- docs/tutorial/LangImpl5.rst       (revision 245236)
> > +++ docs/tutorial/LangImpl5.rst       (working copy)
> > @@ -90,10 +90,11 @@
> >
> >      /// IfExprAST - Expression class for if/then/else.
> >      class IfExprAST : public ExprAST {
> > -      ExprAST *Cond, *Then, *Else;
> > +      std::unique<ExprAST> Cond, Then, Else;
> >      public:
> > -      IfExprAST(ExprAST *cond, ExprAST *then, ExprAST *_else)
> > -        : Cond(cond), Then(then), Else(_else) {}
> > +      IfExprAST(std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Cond, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> Then,
> > +                std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Else)
> > +        : Cond(std::move(Cond)), Then(std::move(Then)),
> Else(std::move(Else)) {}
> >        virtual Value *Codegen();
> >      };
> >
> > @@ -109,36 +110,37 @@
> >  .. code-block:: c++
> >
> >      /// ifexpr ::= 'if' expression 'then' expression 'else' expression
> > -    static ExprAST *ParseIfExpr() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIfExpr() {
> >        getNextToken();  // eat the if.
> >
> >        // condition.
> > -      ExprAST *Cond = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (!Cond) return 0;
> > +      auto Cond = ParseExpression();
> > +      if (!Cond) return nullptr;
> >
> >        if (CurTok != tok_then)
> >          return Error("expected then");
> >        getNextToken();  // eat the then
> >
> > -      ExprAST *Then = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (Then == 0) return 0;
> > +      auto Then = ParseExpression();
> > +      if (Then) return nullptr;
> >
> >        if (CurTok != tok_else)
> >          return Error("expected else");
> >
> >        getNextToken();
> >
> > -      ExprAST *Else = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (!Else) return 0;
> > +      auto Else = ParseExpression();
> > +      if (!Else) return nullptr;
> >
> > -      return new IfExprAST(Cond, Then, Else);
> > +      return llvm::make_unique<IfExprAST>(std::move(Cond),
> std::move(Then),
> > +                                          std::move(Else));
> >      }
> >
> >  Next we hook it up as a primary expression:
> >
> >  .. code-block:: c++
> >
> > -    static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParsePrimary() {
> >        switch (CurTok) {
> >        default: return Error("unknown token when expecting an
> expression");
> >        case tok_identifier: return ParseIdentifierExpr();
> > @@ -269,7 +271,7 @@
> >
> >      Value *IfExprAST::Codegen() {
> >        Value *CondV = Cond->Codegen();
> > -      if (CondV == 0) return 0;
> > +      if (!CondV) return nullptr;
> >
> >        // Convert condition to a bool by comparing equal to 0.0.
> >        CondV = Builder.CreateFCmpONE(CondV,
> > @@ -464,11 +466,13 @@
> >      /// ForExprAST - Expression class for for/in.
> >      class ForExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >        std::string VarName;
> > -      ExprAST *Start, *End, *Step, *Body;
> > +      std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Start, End, Step, Body;
> >      public:
> > -      ForExprAST(const std::string &varname, ExprAST *start, ExprAST
> *end,
> > -                 ExprAST *step, ExprAST *body)
> > -        : VarName(varname), Start(start), End(end), Step(step),
> Body(body) {}
> > +      ForExprAST(const std::string &VarName, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> Start,
> > +                 std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> End, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> Step,
> > +                 std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +        : VarName(VarName), Start(std::move(Start)),
> End(std::move(End)),
> > +          Step(std::move(Step)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >        virtual Value *Codegen();
> >      };
> >
> > @@ -483,7 +487,7 @@
> >  .. code-block:: c++
> >
> >      /// forexpr ::= 'for' identifier '=' expr ',' expr (',' expr)? 'in'
> expression
> > -    static ExprAST *ParseForExpr() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseForExpr() {
> >        getNextToken();  // eat the for.
> >
> >        if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> > @@ -497,31 +501,33 @@
> >        getNextToken();  // eat '='.
> >
> >
> > -      ExprAST *Start = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (Start == 0) return 0;
> > +      auto Start = ParseExpression();
> > +      if (!Start) return nullptr;
> >        if (CurTok != ',')
> >          return Error("expected ',' after for start value");
> >        getNextToken();
> >
> > -      ExprAST *End = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (End == 0) return 0;
> > +      auto End = ParseExpression();
> > +      if (!End) return nullptr;
> >
> >        // The step value is optional.
> > -      ExprAST *Step = 0;
> > +      std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Step;
> >        if (CurTok == ',') {
> >          getNextToken();
> >          Step = ParseExpression();
> > -        if (Step == 0) return 0;
> > +        if (!Step) return nullptr;
> >        }
> >
> >        if (CurTok != tok_in)
> >          return Error("expected 'in' after for");
> >        getNextToken();  // eat 'in'.
> >
> > -      ExprAST *Body = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (Body == 0) return 0;
> > +      auto Body = ParseExpression();
> > +      if (!Body) return nullptr;
> >
> > -      return new ForExprAST(IdName, Start, End, Step, Body);
> > +      return llvm::make_unique<ForExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Start),
> > +                                           std::move(End),
> std::move(Step),
> > +                                           std::move(Body));
> >      }
> >
> >  LLVM IR for the 'for' Loop
> > Index: docs/tutorial/LangImpl6.rst
> > ===================================================================
> > --- docs/tutorial/LangImpl6.rst       (revision 245236)
> > +++ docs/tutorial/LangImpl6.rst       (working copy)
> > @@ -129,15 +129,16 @@
> >      class PrototypeAST {
> >        std::string Name;
> >        std::vector<std::string> Args;
> > -      bool isOperator;
> > +      bool IsOperator;
> >        unsigned Precedence;  // Precedence if a binary op.
> >      public:
> > -      PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, const
> std::vector<std::string> &args,
> > -                   bool isoperator = false, unsigned prec = 0)
> > -      : Name(name), Args(args), isOperator(isoperator),
> Precedence(prec) {}
> > +      PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, std::vector<std::string>
> Args,
> > +                   bool IsOperator = false, unsigned Prec = 0)
> > +      : Name(name), Args(std::move(Args)), IsOperator(IsOperator),
> > +        Precedence(Prec) {}
> >
> > -      bool isUnaryOp() const { return isOperator && Args.size() == 1; }
> > -      bool isBinaryOp() const { return isOperator && Args.size() == 2; }
> > +      bool isUnaryOp() const { return IsOperator && Args.size() == 1; }
> > +      bool isBinaryOp() const { return IsOperator && Args.size() == 2; }
> >
> >        char getOperatorName() const {
> >          assert(isUnaryOp() || isBinaryOp());
> > @@ -161,7 +162,7 @@
> >      /// prototype
> >      ///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
> >      ///   ::= binary LETTER number? (id, id)
> > -    static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParsePrototype() {
> >        std::string FnName;
> >
> >        unsigned Kind = 0;  // 0 = identifier, 1 = unary, 2 = binary.
> > @@ -210,7 +211,8 @@
> >        if (Kind && ArgNames.size() != Kind)
> >          return ErrorP("Invalid number of operands for operator");
> >
> > -      return new PrototypeAST(FnName, ArgNames, Kind != 0,
> BinaryPrecedence);
> > +      return llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>(FnName,
> std::move(ArgNames),
> > +                                             Kind != 0,
> BinaryPrecedence);
> >      }
> >
> >  This is all fairly straightforward parsing code, and we have already
> > @@ -305,10 +307,10 @@
> >      /// UnaryExprAST - Expression class for a unary operator.
> >      class UnaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >        char Opcode;
> > -      ExprAST *Operand;
> > +      std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Operand;
> >      public:
> > -      UnaryExprAST(char opcode, ExprAST *operand)
> > -        : Opcode(opcode), Operand(operand) {}
> > +      UnaryExprAST(char Opcode, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Operand)
> > +        : Opcode(Opcode), Operand(std::move(Operand)) {}
> >        virtual Value *Codegen();
> >      };
> >
> > @@ -322,7 +324,7 @@
> >      /// unary
> >      ///   ::= primary
> >      ///   ::= '!' unary
> > -    static ExprAST *ParseUnary() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseUnary() {
> >        // If the current token is not an operator, it must be a primary
> expr.
> >        if (!isascii(CurTok) || CurTok == '(' || CurTok == ',')
> >          return ParsePrimary();
> > @@ -330,9 +332,9 @@
> >        // If this is a unary operator, read it.
> >        int Opc = CurTok;
> >        getNextToken();
> > -      if (ExprAST *Operand = ParseUnary())
> > -        return new UnaryExprAST(Opc, Operand);
> > -      return 0;
> > +      if (auto Operand = ParseUnary())
> > +        return llvm::unique_ptr<UnaryExprAST>(Opc, std::move(Operand));
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >  The grammar we add is pretty straightforward here. If we see a unary
> > @@ -350,21 +352,22 @@
> >
> >      /// binoprhs
> >      ///   ::= ('+' unary)*
> > -    static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec,
> > +
> std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS) {
> >        ...
> >          // Parse the unary expression after the binary operator.
> > -        ExprAST *RHS = ParseUnary();
> > -        if (!RHS) return 0;
> > +        auto RHS = ParseUnary();
> > +        if (!RHS) return nullptr;
> >        ...
> >      }
> >      /// expression
> >      ///   ::= unary binoprhs
> >      ///
> > -    static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
> > -      ExprAST *LHS = ParseUnary();
> > -      if (!LHS) return 0;
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression() {
> > +      auto LHS = ParseUnary();
> > +      if (!LHS) return nullptr;
> >
> > -      return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
> > +      return ParseBinOpRHS(0, std::move(LHS));
> >      }
> >
> >  With these two simple changes, we are now able to parse unary operators
> > @@ -378,7 +381,7 @@
> >      ///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
> >      ///   ::= binary LETTER number? (id, id)
> >      ///   ::= unary LETTER (id)
> > -    static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParsePrototype() {
> >        std::string FnName;
> >
> >        unsigned Kind = 0;  // 0 = identifier, 1 = unary, 2 = binary.
> > Index: docs/tutorial/LangImpl7.rst
> > ===================================================================
> > --- docs/tutorial/LangImpl7.rst       (revision 245236)
> > +++ docs/tutorial/LangImpl7.rst       (working copy)
> > @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@
> >        // Special case '=' because we don't want to emit the LHS as an
> expression.
> >        if (Op == '=') {
> >          // Assignment requires the LHS to be an identifier.
> > -        VariableExprAST *LHSE = dynamic_cast<VariableExprAST*>(LHS);
> > +        VariableExprAST *LHSE =
> dynamic_cast<VariableExprAST*>(LHS.get());
> >          if (!LHSE)
> >            return ErrorV("destination of '=' must be a variable");
> >
> > @@ -663,12 +663,12 @@
> >
> >      /// VarExprAST - Expression class for var/in
> >      class VarExprAST : public ExprAST {
> > -      std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ExprAST*> > VarNames;
> > -      ExprAST *Body;
> > +      std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>>>
> VarNames;
> > +      std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body;
> >      public:
> > -      VarExprAST(const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ExprAST*> >
> &varnames,
> > -                 ExprAST *body)
> > -      : VarNames(varnames), Body(body) {}
> > +      VarExprAST(std::vector<std::pair<std::string,
> std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>>> VarNames,
> > +                 std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> body)
> > +      : VarNames(std::move(VarNames)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >
> >        virtual Value *Codegen();
> >      };
> > @@ -690,7 +690,7 @@
> >      ///   ::= ifexpr
> >      ///   ::= forexpr
> >      ///   ::= varexpr
> > -    static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParsePrimary() {
> >        switch (CurTok) {
> >        default: return Error("unknown token when expecting an
> expression");
> >        case tok_identifier: return ParseIdentifierExpr();
> > @@ -708,10 +708,10 @@
> >
> >      /// varexpr ::= 'var' identifier ('=' expression)?
> >      //                    (',' identifier ('=' expression)?)* 'in'
> expression
> > -    static ExprAST *ParseVarExpr() {
> > +    static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseVarExpr() {
> >        getNextToken();  // eat the var.
> >
> > -      std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ExprAST*> > VarNames;
> > +      std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>>>
> VarNames;
> >
> >        // At least one variable name is required.
> >        if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> > @@ -727,15 +727,15 @@
> >          getNextToken();  // eat identifier.
> >
> >          // Read the optional initializer.
> > -        ExprAST *Init = 0;
> > +        std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Init;
> >          if (CurTok == '=') {
> >            getNextToken(); // eat the '='.
> >
> >            Init = ParseExpression();
> > -          if (Init == 0) return 0;
> > +          if (!Init) return nullptr;
> >          }
> >
> > -        VarNames.push_back(std::make_pair(Name, Init));
> > +        VarNames.push_back(std::make_pair(Name, std::move(Init)));
> >
> >          // End of var list, exit loop.
> >          if (CurTok != ',') break;
> > @@ -755,10 +755,11 @@
> >          return Error("expected 'in' keyword after 'var'");
> >        getNextToken();  // eat 'in'.
> >
> > -      ExprAST *Body = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (Body == 0) return 0;
> > +      auto Body = ParseExpression();
> > +      if (!Body) return nullptr;
> >
> > -      return new VarExprAST(VarNames, Body);
> > +      return llvm::make_unique<VarExprAST>(std::move(VarNames),
> > +                                           std::move(Body));
> >      }
> >
> >  Now that we can parse and represent the code, we need to support
> > @@ -774,7 +775,7 @@
> >        // Register all variables and emit their initializer.
> >        for (unsigned i = 0, e = VarNames.size(); i != e; ++i) {
> >          const std::string &VarName = VarNames[i].first;
> > -        ExprAST *Init = VarNames[i].second;
> > +        ExprAST *Init = VarNames[i].second.get();
> >
> >  Basically it loops over all the variables, installing them one at a
> >  time. For each variable we put into the symbol table, we remember the
> > Index: docs/tutorial/LangImpl8.rst
> > ===================================================================
> > --- docs/tutorial/LangImpl8.rst       (revision 245236)
> > +++ docs/tutorial/LangImpl8.rst       (working copy)
> > @@ -75,8 +75,8 @@
> >
> >  .. code-block:: udiff
> >
> > -  -    PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > -  +    PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("main",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > +  -    auto Proto = llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>("",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > +  +    auto Proto = llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>("main",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> >
> >  just with the simple change of giving it a name.
> >
> > @@ -108,12 +108,12 @@
> >    @@ -1108,17 +1108,8 @@ static void HandleExtern() {
> >     static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
> >       // Evaluate a top-level expression into an anonymous function.
> > -     if (FunctionAST *F = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > -  -    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
> > +     if (auto FnAST = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > +  -    if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >    -      // We're just doing this to make sure it executes.
> >    -      TheExecutionEngine->finalizeObject();
> >    -      // JIT the function, returning a function pointer.
> > -  -      void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(LF);
> > +  -      void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(FnIR);
> >    -
> >    -      // Cast it to the right type (takes no arguments, returns a
> double) so we
> >    -      // can call it as a native function.
> > @@ -318,7 +318,8 @@
> >
> >  .. code-block:: c++
> >
> > -   LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinLoc, BinOp, LHS, RHS);
> > +   LHS = llvm::make_unique<BinaryExprAST>(BinLoc, BinOp, std::move(LHS),
> > +                                          std::move(RHS));
> >
> >  giving us locations for each of our expressions and variables.
> >
> > Index: examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter2/toy.cpp
> > ===================================================================
> > --- examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter2/toy.cpp    (revision 245236)
> > +++ examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter2/toy.cpp    (working copy)
> > @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
> > +#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
> >  #include <cctype>
> >  #include <cstdio>
> > -#include <cstdlib>
> >  #include <map>
> >  #include <string>
> >  #include <vector>
> > @@ -85,29 +85,31 @@
> >  /// NumberExprAST - Expression class for numeric literals like "1.0".
> >  class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >  public:
> > -  NumberExprAST(double val) {}
> > +  NumberExprAST(double Val) {}
> >  };
> >
> >  /// VariableExprAST - Expression class for referencing a variable, like
> "a".
> >  class VariableExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Name;
> >  public:
> > -  VariableExprAST(const std::string &name) : Name(name) {}
> > +  VariableExprAST(const std::string &Name) : Name(Name) {}
> >  };
> >
> >  /// BinaryExprAST - Expression class for a binary operator.
> >  class BinaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >  public:
> > -  BinaryExprAST(char op, ExprAST *lhs, ExprAST *rhs) {}
> > +  BinaryExprAST(char Op, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS,
> > +                std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> RHS) {}
> >  };
> >
> >  /// CallExprAST - Expression class for function calls.
> >  class CallExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Callee;
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >  public:
> > -  CallExprAST(const std::string &callee, std::vector<ExprAST*> &args)
> > -    : Callee(callee), Args(args) {}
> > +  CallExprAST(const std::string &Callee,
> > +              std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args)
> > +    : Callee(Callee), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >  };
> >
> >  /// PrototypeAST - This class represents the "prototype" for a function,
> > @@ -117,15 +119,16 @@
> >    std::string Name;
> >    std::vector<std::string> Args;
> >  public:
> > -  PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, const std::vector<std::string>
> &args)
> > -    : Name(name), Args(args) {}
> > +  PrototypeAST(const std::string &Name, std::vector<std::string> Args)
> > +    : Name(Name), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >
> >  };
> >
> >  /// FunctionAST - This class represents a function definition itself.
> >  class FunctionAST {
> >  public:
> > -  FunctionAST(PrototypeAST *proto, ExprAST *body) {}
> > +  FunctionAST(std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto,
> > +              std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body) {}
> >  };
> >  } // end anonymous namespace
> >
> > @@ -157,30 +160,37 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  /// Error* - These are little helper functions for error handling.
> > -ExprAST *Error(const char *Str) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n",
> Str);return 0;}
> > -PrototypeAST *ErrorP(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
> > +std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Error(const char *Str) {
> > +  fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", Str);
> > +  return nullptr;
> > +}
> > +std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ErrorP(const char *Str) {
> > +  Error(Str);
> > +  return nullptr;
> > +}
> >
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression();
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression();
> >
> >  /// identifierexpr
> >  ///   ::= identifier
> >  ///   ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> >    std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;
> >
> >    getNextToken();  // eat identifier.
> >
> >    if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
> > -    return new VariableExprAST(IdName);
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<VariableExprAST>(IdName);
> >
> >    // Call.
> >    getNextToken();  // eat (
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >    if (CurTok != ')') {
> >      while (1) {
> > -      ExprAST *Arg = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (!Arg) return 0;
> > -      Args.push_back(Arg);
> > +      if (auto Arg = ParseExpression())
> > +        Args.push_back(std::move(Arg));
> > +      else
> > +        return nullptr;
> >
> >        if (CurTok == ')') break;
> >
> > @@ -193,21 +203,22 @@
> >    // Eat the ')'.
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  return new CallExprAST(IdName, Args);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<CallExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Args));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// numberexpr ::= number
> > -static ExprAST *ParseNumberExpr() {
> > -  ExprAST *Result = new NumberExprAST(NumVal);
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseNumberExpr() {
> > +  auto Result = llvm::make_unique<NumberExprAST>(NumVal);
> >    getNextToken(); // consume the number
> > -  return Result;
> > +  return std::move(Result);
> >  }
> >
> >  /// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseParenExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseParenExpr() {
> >    getNextToken();  // eat (.
> > -  ExprAST *V = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (!V) return 0;
> > +  auto V = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!V)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != ')')
> >      return Error("expected ')'");
> > @@ -219,7 +230,7 @@
> >  ///   ::= identifierexpr
> >  ///   ::= numberexpr
> >  ///   ::= parenexpr
> > -static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParsePrimary() {
> >    switch (CurTok) {
> >    default: return Error("unknown token when expecting an expression");
> >    case tok_identifier: return ParseIdentifierExpr();
> > @@ -230,7 +241,8 @@
> >
> >  /// binoprhs
> >  ///   ::= ('+' primary)*
> > -static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec,
> > +                                              std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> LHS) {
> >    // If this is a binop, find its precedence.
> >    while (1) {
> >      int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> > @@ -245,35 +257,36 @@
> >      getNextToken();  // eat binop
> >
> >      // Parse the primary expression after the binary operator.
> > -    ExprAST *RHS = ParsePrimary();
> > -    if (!RHS) return 0;
> > +    auto RHS = ParsePrimary();
> > +    if (!RHS) return nullptr;
> >
> >      // If BinOp binds less tightly with RHS than the operator after
> RHS, let
> >      // the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
> >      int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> >      if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
> > -      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec+1, RHS);
> > -      if (RHS == 0) return 0;
> > +      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec+1, std::move(RHS));
> > +      if (!RHS) return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // Merge LHS/RHS.
> > -    LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinOp, LHS, RHS);
> > +    LHS = llvm::make_unique<BinaryExprAST>(BinOp, std::move(LHS),
> > +                                           std::move(RHS));
> >    }
> >  }
> >
> >  /// expression
> >  ///   ::= primary binoprhs
> >  ///
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
> > -  ExprAST *LHS = ParsePrimary();
> > -  if (!LHS) return 0;
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression() {
> > +  auto LHS = ParsePrimary();
> > +  if (!LHS) return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
> > +  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, std::move(LHS));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// prototype
> >  ///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParsePrototype() {
> >    if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> >      return ErrorP("Expected function name in prototype");
> >
> > @@ -292,32 +305,34 @@
> >    // success.
> >    getNextToken();  // eat ')'.
> >
> > -  return new PrototypeAST(FnName, ArgNames);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>(std::move(FnName),
> > +                                         std::move(ArgNames));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseDefinition() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseDefinition() {
> >    getNextToken();  // eat def.
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > -  if (Proto == 0) return 0;
> > +  auto Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > +  if (!Proto) return nullptr;
> >
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression())
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression())
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// toplevelexpr ::= expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression()) {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression()) {
> >      // Make an anonymous proto.
> > -    PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > +    auto Proto = llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>("",
> > +
>  std::vector<std::string>());
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> >    }
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// external ::= 'extern' prototype
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParseExtern() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParseExtern() {
> >    getNextToken();  // eat extern.
> >    return ParsePrototype();
> >  }
> > Index: examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter3/toy.cpp
> > ===================================================================
> > --- examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter3/toy.cpp    (revision 245236)
> > +++ examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter3/toy.cpp    (working copy)
> > @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
> > +#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
> >  #include "llvm/IR/Verifier.h"
> >  #include "llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h"
> >  #include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
> > @@ -92,7 +93,7 @@
> >  class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    double Val;
> >  public:
> > -  NumberExprAST(double val) : Val(val) {}
> > +  NumberExprAST(double Val) : Val(Val) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> > @@ -100,27 +101,29 @@
> >  class VariableExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Name;
> >  public:
> > -  VariableExprAST(const std::string &name) : Name(name) {}
> > +  VariableExprAST(const std::string &Name) : Name(Name) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// BinaryExprAST - Expression class for a binary operator.
> >  class BinaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    char Op;
> > -  ExprAST *LHS, *RHS;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS, RHS;
> >  public:
> > -  BinaryExprAST(char op, ExprAST *lhs, ExprAST *rhs)
> > -    : Op(op), LHS(lhs), RHS(rhs) {}
> > +  BinaryExprAST(char Op, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS,
> > +                std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> RHS)
> > +    : Op(Op), LHS(std::move(LHS)), RHS(std::move(RHS)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// CallExprAST - Expression class for function calls.
> >  class CallExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Callee;
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >  public:
> > -  CallExprAST(const std::string &callee, std::vector<ExprAST*> &args)
> > -    : Callee(callee), Args(args) {}
> > +  CallExprAST(const std::string &Callee,
> > +              std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args)
> > +    : Callee(Callee), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> > @@ -131,19 +134,20 @@
> >    std::string Name;
> >    std::vector<std::string> Args;
> >  public:
> > -  PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, const std::vector<std::string>
> &args)
> > -    : Name(name), Args(args) {}
> > +  PrototypeAST(const std::string &Name, std::vector<std::string> Args)
> > +    : Name(Name), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >
> >    Function *Codegen();
> >  };
> >
> >  /// FunctionAST - This class represents a function definition itself.
> >  class FunctionAST {
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto;
> > -  ExprAST *Body;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body;
> >  public:
> > -  FunctionAST(PrototypeAST *proto, ExprAST *body)
> > -    : Proto(proto), Body(body) {}
> > +  FunctionAST(std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto,
> > +              std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +    : Proto(std::move(Proto)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >
> >    Function *Codegen();
> >  };
> > @@ -177,31 +181,41 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  /// Error* - These are little helper functions for error handling.
> > -ExprAST *Error(const char *Str) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n",
> Str);return 0;}
> > -PrototypeAST *ErrorP(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
> > -FunctionAST *ErrorF(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
> > +std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Error(const char *Str) {
> > +  fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", Str);
> > +  return nullptr;
> > +}
> > +std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ErrorP(const char *Str) {
> > +  Error(Str);
> > +  return nullptr;
> > +}
> > +std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ErrorF(const char *Str) {
> > +  Error(Str);
> > +  return nullptr;
> > +}
> >
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression();
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression();
> >
> >  /// identifierexpr
> >  ///   ::= identifier
> >  ///   ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> >    std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;
> >
> >    getNextToken();  // eat identifier.
> >
> >    if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
> > -    return new VariableExprAST(IdName);
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<VariableExprAST>(IdName);
> >
> >    // Call.
> >    getNextToken();  // eat (
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >    if (CurTok != ')') {
> >      while (1) {
> > -      ExprAST *Arg = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (!Arg) return 0;
> > -      Args.push_back(Arg);
> > +      if (auto Arg = ParseExpression())
> > +        Args.push_back(std::move(Arg));
> > +      else
> > +        return nullptr;
> >
> >        if (CurTok == ')') break;
> >
> > @@ -214,21 +228,22 @@
> >    // Eat the ')'.
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  return new CallExprAST(IdName, Args);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<CallExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Args));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// numberexpr ::= number
> > -static ExprAST *ParseNumberExpr() {
> > -  ExprAST *Result = new NumberExprAST(NumVal);
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseNumberExpr() {
> > +  auto Result = llvm::make_unique<NumberExprAST>(NumVal);
> >    getNextToken(); // consume the number
> > -  return Result;
> > +  return std::move(Result);
> >  }
> >
> >  /// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseParenExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseParenExpr() {
> >    getNextToken();  // eat (.
> > -  ExprAST *V = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (!V) return 0;
> > +  auto V = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!V)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != ')')
> >      return Error("expected ')'");
> > @@ -240,7 +255,7 @@
> >  ///   ::= identifierexpr
> >  ///   ::= numberexpr
> >  ///   ::= parenexpr
> > -static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParsePrimary() {
> >    switch (CurTok) {
> >    default: return Error("unknown token when expecting an expression");
> >    case tok_identifier: return ParseIdentifierExpr();
> > @@ -251,7 +266,8 @@
> >
> >  /// binoprhs
> >  ///   ::= ('+' primary)*
> > -static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec,
> > +                                              std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> LHS) {
> >    // If this is a binop, find its precedence.
> >    while (1) {
> >      int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> > @@ -266,35 +282,36 @@
> >      getNextToken();  // eat binop
> >
> >      // Parse the primary expression after the binary operator.
> > -    ExprAST *RHS = ParsePrimary();
> > -    if (!RHS) return 0;
> > +    auto RHS = ParsePrimary();
> > +    if (!RHS) return nullptr;
> >
> >      // If BinOp binds less tightly with RHS than the operator after
> RHS, let
> >      // the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
> >      int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> >      if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
> > -      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec+1, RHS);
> > -      if (RHS == 0) return 0;
> > +      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec+1, std::move(RHS));
> > +      if (!RHS) return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // Merge LHS/RHS.
> > -    LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinOp, LHS, RHS);
> > +    LHS = llvm::make_unique<BinaryExprAST>(BinOp, std::move(LHS),
> > +                                           std::move(RHS));
> >    }
> >  }
> >
> >  /// expression
> >  ///   ::= primary binoprhs
> >  ///
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
> > -  ExprAST *LHS = ParsePrimary();
> > -  if (!LHS) return 0;
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression() {
> > +  auto LHS = ParsePrimary();
> > +  if (!LHS) return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
> > +  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, std::move(LHS));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// prototype
> >  ///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParsePrototype() {
> >    if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> >      return ErrorP("Expected function name in prototype");
> >
> > @@ -313,32 +330,34 @@
> >    // success.
> >    getNextToken();  // eat ')'.
> >
> > -  return new PrototypeAST(FnName, ArgNames);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>(std::move(FnName),
> > +                                         std::move(ArgNames));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseDefinition() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseDefinition() {
> >    getNextToken();  // eat def.
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > -  if (Proto == 0) return 0;
> > +  auto Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > +  if (!Proto) return nullptr;
> >
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression())
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression())
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// toplevelexpr ::= expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression()) {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression()) {
> >      // Make an anonymous proto.
> > -    PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > +    auto Proto = llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>("",
> > +
>  std::vector<std::string>());
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> >    }
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// external ::= 'extern' prototype
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParseExtern() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParseExtern() {
> >    getNextToken();  // eat extern.
> >    return ParsePrototype();
> >  }
> > @@ -351,7 +370,7 @@
> >  static IRBuilder<> Builder(getGlobalContext());
> >  static std::map<std::string, Value*> NamedValues;
> >
> > -Value *ErrorV(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
> > +Value *ErrorV(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return nullptr; }
> >
> >  Value *NumberExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    return ConstantFP::get(getGlobalContext(), APFloat(Val));
> > @@ -366,7 +385,7 @@
> >  Value *BinaryExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    Value *L = LHS->Codegen();
> >    Value *R = RHS->Codegen();
> > -  if (L == 0 || R == 0) return 0;
> > +  if (!L || !R) return nullptr;
> >
> >    switch (Op) {
> >    case '+': return Builder.CreateFAdd(L, R, "addtmp");
> > @@ -384,7 +403,7 @@
> >  Value *CallExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    // Look up the name in the global module table.
> >    Function *CalleeF = TheModule->getFunction(Callee);
> > -  if (CalleeF == 0)
> > +  if (!CalleeF)
> >      return ErrorV("Unknown function referenced");
> >
> >    // If argument mismatch error.
> > @@ -394,7 +413,7 @@
> >    std::vector<Value*> ArgsV;
> >    for (unsigned i = 0, e = Args.size(); i != e; ++i) {
> >      ArgsV.push_back(Args[i]->Codegen());
> > -    if (ArgsV.back() == 0) return 0;
> > +    if (!ArgsV.back()) return nullptr;
> >    }
> >
> >    return Builder.CreateCall(CalleeF, ArgsV, "calltmp");
> > @@ -407,7 +426,8 @@
> >    FunctionType *FT =
> FunctionType::get(Type::getDoubleTy(getGlobalContext()),
> >                                         Doubles, false);
> >
> > -  Function *F = Function::Create(FT, Function::ExternalLinkage, Name,
> TheModule);
> > +  Function *F = Function::Create(FT, Function::ExternalLinkage, Name,
> > +                                 TheModule);
> >
> >    // If F conflicted, there was already something named 'Name'.  If it
> has a
> >    // body, don't allow redefinition or reextern.
> > @@ -419,13 +439,13 @@
> >      // If F already has a body, reject this.
> >      if (!F->empty()) {
> >        ErrorF("redefinition of function");
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // If F took a different number of args, reject.
> >      if (F->arg_size() != Args.size()) {
> >        ErrorF("redefinition of function with different # args");
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >    }
> >
> > @@ -446,8 +466,8 @@
> >    NamedValues.clear();
> >
> >    Function *TheFunction = Proto->Codegen();
> > -  if (TheFunction == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!TheFunction)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Create a new basic block to start insertion into.
> >    BasicBlock *BB = BasicBlock::Create(getGlobalContext(), "entry",
> TheFunction);
> > @@ -465,7 +485,7 @@
> >
> >    // Error reading body, remove function.
> >    TheFunction->eraseFromParent();
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >
> //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> > @@ -473,10 +493,10 @@
> >
> //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> >
> >  static void HandleDefinition() {
> > -  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseDefinition()) {
> > -    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto FnAST = ParseDefinition()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Read function definition:");
> > -      LF->dump();
> > +      FnIR->dump();
> >      }
> >    } else {
> >      // Skip token for error recovery.
> > @@ -485,10 +505,10 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  static void HandleExtern() {
> > -  if (PrototypeAST *P = ParseExtern()) {
> > -    if (Function *F = P->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto ProtoAST = ParseExtern()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = ProtoAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Read extern: ");
> > -      F->dump();
> > +      FnIR->dump();
> >      }
> >    } else {
> >      // Skip token for error recovery.
> > @@ -498,10 +518,10 @@
> >
> >  static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
> >    // Evaluate a top-level expression into an anonymous function.
> > -  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > -    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto FnAST = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Read top-level expression:");
> > -      LF->dump();
> > +      FnIR->dump();
> >      }
> >    } else {
> >      // Skip token for error recovery.
> > @@ -553,7 +573,8 @@
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> >    // Make the module, which holds all the code.
> > -  TheModule = new Module("my cool jit", Context);
> > +  std::unique_ptr<Module> Owner = llvm::make_unique<Module>("my cool
> jit", Context);
> > +  TheModule = Owner.get();
> >
> >    // Run the main "interpreter loop" now.
> >    MainLoop();
> > Index: examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter4/toy.cpp
> > ===================================================================
> > --- examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter4/toy.cpp    (revision 245236)
> > +++ examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter4/toy.cpp    (working copy)
> > @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
> > +#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
> >  #include "llvm/Analysis/BasicAliasAnalysis.h"
> >  #include "llvm/Analysis/Passes.h"
> >  #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h"
> > @@ -105,40 +106,38 @@
> >  /// NumberExprAST - Expression class for numeric literals like "1.0".
> >  class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    double Val;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  NumberExprAST(double val) : Val(val) {}
> > +  NumberExprAST(double Val) : Val(Val) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// VariableExprAST - Expression class for referencing a variable, like
> "a".
> >  class VariableExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Name;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  VariableExprAST(const std::string &name) : Name(name) {}
> > +  VariableExprAST(const std::string &Name) : Name(Name) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// BinaryExprAST - Expression class for a binary operator.
> >  class BinaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    char Op;
> > -  ExprAST *LHS, *RHS;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS, RHS;
> >  public:
> > -  BinaryExprAST(char op, ExprAST *lhs, ExprAST *rhs)
> > -      : Op(op), LHS(lhs), RHS(rhs) {}
> > +  BinaryExprAST(char Op, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS,
> > +                std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> RHS)
> > +      : Op(Op), LHS(std::move(LHS)), RHS(std::move(RHS)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// CallExprAST - Expression class for function calls.
> >  class CallExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Callee;
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST *> Args;
> > -
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >  public:
> > -  CallExprAST(const std::string &callee, std::vector<ExprAST *> &args)
> > -      : Callee(callee), Args(args) {}
> > +  CallExprAST(const std::string &Callee,
> > +              std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args)
> > +      : Callee(Callee), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> > @@ -148,22 +147,20 @@
> >  class PrototypeAST {
> >    std::string Name;
> >    std::vector<std::string> Args;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, const std::vector<std::string>
> &args)
> > -      : Name(name), Args(args) {}
> > -
> > +  PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, std::vector<std::string> Args)
> > +      : Name(name), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >    Function *Codegen();
> >  };
> >
> >  /// FunctionAST - This class represents a function definition itself.
> >  class FunctionAST {
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto;
> > -  ExprAST *Body;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body;
> >  public:
> > -  FunctionAST(PrototypeAST *proto, ExprAST *body) : Proto(proto),
> Body(body) {}
> > -
> > +  FunctionAST(std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto,
> > +              std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +    : Proto(std::move(Proto)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >    Function *Codegen();
> >  };
> >  } // end anonymous namespace
> > @@ -195,41 +192,41 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  /// Error* - These are little helper functions for error handling.
> > -ExprAST *Error(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Error(const char *Str) {
> >    fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> > -PrototypeAST *ErrorP(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ErrorP(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> > -FunctionAST *ErrorF(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ErrorF(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression();
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression();
> >
> >  /// identifierexpr
> >  ///   ::= identifier
> >  ///   ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> >    std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;
> >
> >    getNextToken(); // eat identifier.
> >
> >    if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
> > -    return new VariableExprAST(IdName);
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<VariableExprAST>(IdName);
> >
> >    // Call.
> >    getNextToken(); // eat (
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST *> Args;
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >    if (CurTok != ')') {
> >      while (1) {
> > -      ExprAST *Arg = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (!Arg)
> > -        return 0;
> > -      Args.push_back(Arg);
> > +      if (auto Arg = ParseExpression())
> > +        Args.push_back(std::move(Arg));
> > +      else
> > +        return nullptr;
> >
> >        if (CurTok == ')')
> >          break;
> > @@ -243,22 +240,22 @@
> >    // Eat the ')'.
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  return new CallExprAST(IdName, Args);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<CallExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Args));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// numberexpr ::= number
> > -static ExprAST *ParseNumberExpr() {
> > -  ExprAST *Result = new NumberExprAST(NumVal);
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseNumberExpr() {
> > +  auto Result = llvm::make_unique<NumberExprAST>(NumVal);
> >    getNextToken(); // consume the number
> > -  return Result;
> > +  return std::move(Result);
> >  }
> >
> >  /// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseParenExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseParenExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat (.
> > -  ExprAST *V = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto V = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!V)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != ')')
> >      return Error("expected ')'");
> > @@ -270,7 +267,7 @@
> >  ///   ::= identifierexpr
> >  ///   ::= numberexpr
> >  ///   ::= parenexpr
> > -static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParsePrimary() {
> >    switch (CurTok) {
> >    default:
> >      return Error("unknown token when expecting an expression");
> > @@ -285,7 +282,8 @@
> >
> >  /// binoprhs
> >  ///   ::= ('+' primary)*
> > -static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec,
> > +                                              std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> LHS) {
> >    // If this is a binop, find its precedence.
> >    while (1) {
> >      int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> > @@ -300,38 +298,39 @@
> >      getNextToken(); // eat binop
> >
> >      // Parse the primary expression after the binary operator.
> > -    ExprAST *RHS = ParsePrimary();
> > +    auto RHS = ParsePrimary();
> >      if (!RHS)
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >
> >      // If BinOp binds less tightly with RHS than the operator after
> RHS, let
> >      // the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
> >      int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> >      if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
> > -      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec + 1, RHS);
> > -      if (RHS == 0)
> > -        return 0;
> > +      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec + 1, std::move(RHS));
> > +      if (!RHS)
> > +        return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // Merge LHS/RHS.
> > -    LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinOp, LHS, RHS);
> > +    LHS = llvm::make_unique<BinaryExprAST>(BinOp, std::move(LHS),
> > +                                           std::move(RHS));
> >    }
> >  }
> >
> >  /// expression
> >  ///   ::= primary binoprhs
> >  ///
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
> > -  ExprAST *LHS = ParsePrimary();
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression() {
> > +  auto LHS = ParsePrimary();
> >    if (!LHS)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
> > +  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, std::move(LHS));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// prototype
> >  ///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParsePrototype() {
> >    if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> >      return ErrorP("Expected function name in prototype");
> >
> > @@ -350,33 +349,34 @@
> >    // success.
> >    getNextToken(); // eat ')'.
> >
> > -  return new PrototypeAST(FnName, ArgNames);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>(FnName, std::move(ArgNames));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseDefinition() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseDefinition() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat def.
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > -  if (Proto == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > +  if (!Proto)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression())
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression())
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// toplevelexpr ::= expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression()) {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression()) {
> >      // Make an anonymous proto.
> > -    PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > +    auto Proto = llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>("",
> > +
>  std::vector<std::string>());
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> >    }
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// external ::= 'extern' prototype
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParseExtern() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParseExtern() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat extern.
> >    return ParsePrototype();
> >  }
> > @@ -505,7 +505,7 @@
> >        Function *PF = OpenModule->getFunction(FnName);
> >        if (PF && !PF->empty()) {
> >          ErrorF("redefinition of function across modules");
> > -        return 0;
> > +        return nullptr;
> >        }
> >
> >        // If we don't have a prototype yet, create one.
> > @@ -626,7 +626,7 @@
> >
> >  Value *ErrorV(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  Value *NumberExprAST::Codegen() {
> > @@ -642,8 +642,8 @@
> >  Value *BinaryExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    Value *L = LHS->Codegen();
> >    Value *R = RHS->Codegen();
> > -  if (L == 0 || R == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!L || !R)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    switch (Op) {
> >    case '+':
> > @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@
> >  Value *CallExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    // Look up the name in the global module table.
> >    Function *CalleeF = JITHelper->getFunction(Callee);
> > -  if (CalleeF == 0)
> > +  if (!CalleeF)
> >      return ErrorV("Unknown function referenced");
> >
> >    // If argument mismatch error.
> > @@ -675,8 +675,8 @@
> >    std::vector<Value *> ArgsV;
> >    for (unsigned i = 0, e = Args.size(); i != e; ++i) {
> >      ArgsV.push_back(Args[i]->Codegen());
> > -    if (ArgsV.back() == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!ArgsV.back())
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    }
> >
> >    return Builder.CreateCall(CalleeF, ArgsV, "calltmp");
> > @@ -704,13 +704,13 @@
> >      // If F already has a body, reject this.
> >      if (!F->empty()) {
> >        ErrorF("redefinition of function");
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // If F took a different number of args, reject.
> >      if (F->arg_size() != Args.size()) {
> >        ErrorF("redefinition of function with different # args");
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >    }
> >
> > @@ -731,8 +731,8 @@
> >    NamedValues.clear();
> >
> >    Function *TheFunction = Proto->Codegen();
> > -  if (TheFunction == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!TheFunction)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Create a new basic block to start insertion into.
> >    BasicBlock *BB = BasicBlock::Create(getGlobalContext(), "entry",
> TheFunction);
> > @@ -750,7 +750,7 @@
> >
> >    // Error reading body, remove function.
> >    TheFunction->eraseFromParent();
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >
> //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> > @@ -758,10 +758,10 @@
> >
> //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> >
> >  static void HandleDefinition() {
> > -  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseDefinition()) {
> > -    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto FnAST = ParseDefinition()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Read function definition:");
> > -      LF->dump();
> > +      FnIR->dump();
> >      }
> >    } else {
> >      // Skip token for error recovery.
> > @@ -770,10 +770,10 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  static void HandleExtern() {
> > -  if (PrototypeAST *P = ParseExtern()) {
> > -    if (Function *F = P->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto ProtoAST = ParseExtern()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = ProtoAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Read extern: ");
> > -      F->dump();
> > +      FnIR->dump();
> >      }
> >    } else {
> >      // Skip token for error recovery.
> > @@ -783,10 +783,10 @@
> >
> >  static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
> >    // Evaluate a top-level expression into an anonymous function.
> > -  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > -    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto FnAST = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >        // JIT the function, returning a function pointer.
> > -      void *FPtr = JITHelper->getPointerToFunction(LF);
> > +      void *FPtr = JITHelper->getPointerToFunction(FnIR);
> >
> >        // Cast it to the right type (takes no arguments, returns a
> double) so we
> >        // can call it as a native function.
> > Index: examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter5/toy.cpp
> > ===================================================================
> > --- examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter5/toy.cpp    (revision 245236)
> > +++ examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter5/toy.cpp    (working copy)
> > @@ -123,62 +123,61 @@
> >  /// NumberExprAST - Expression class for numeric literals like "1.0".
> >  class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    double Val;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  NumberExprAST(double val) : Val(val) {}
> > +  NumberExprAST(double Val) : Val(Val) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// VariableExprAST - Expression class for referencing a variable, like
> "a".
> >  class VariableExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Name;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  VariableExprAST(const std::string &name) : Name(name) {}
> > +  VariableExprAST(const std::string &Name) : Name(Name) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// BinaryExprAST - Expression class for a binary operator.
> >  class BinaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    char Op;
> > -  ExprAST *LHS, *RHS;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS, RHS;
> >  public:
> > -  BinaryExprAST(char op, ExprAST *lhs, ExprAST *rhs)
> > -      : Op(op), LHS(lhs), RHS(rhs) {}
> > +  BinaryExprAST(char Op, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS,
> > +                std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> RHS)
> > +      : Op(Op), LHS(std::move(LHS)), RHS(std::move(RHS)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// CallExprAST - Expression class for function calls.
> >  class CallExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Callee;
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST *> Args;
> > -
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >  public:
> > -  CallExprAST(const std::string &callee, std::vector<ExprAST *> &args)
> > -      : Callee(callee), Args(args) {}
> > +  CallExprAST(const std::string &Callee,
> > +              std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args)
> > +      : Callee(Callee), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// IfExprAST - Expression class for if/then/else.
> >  class IfExprAST : public ExprAST {
> > -  ExprAST *Cond, *Then, *Else;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Cond, Then, Else;
> >  public:
> > -  IfExprAST(ExprAST *cond, ExprAST *then, ExprAST *_else)
> > -      : Cond(cond), Then(then), Else(_else) {}
> > +  IfExprAST(std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Cond, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> Then,
> > +            std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Else)
> > +      : Cond(std::move(Cond)), Then(std::move(Then)),
> Else(std::move(Else)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// ForExprAST - Expression class for for/in.
> >  class ForExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string VarName;
> > -  ExprAST *Start, *End, *Step, *Body;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Start, End, Step, Body;
> >  public:
> > -  ForExprAST(const std::string &varname, ExprAST *start, ExprAST *end,
> > -             ExprAST *step, ExprAST *body)
> > -      : VarName(varname), Start(start), End(end), Step(step),
> Body(body) {}
> > +  ForExprAST(const std::string &VarName, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Start,
> > +             std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> End, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> Step,
> > +             std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +      : VarName(VarName), Start(std::move(Start)), End(std::move(End)),
> > +        Step(std::move(Step)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> > @@ -188,22 +187,20 @@
> >  class PrototypeAST {
> >    std::string Name;
> >    std::vector<std::string> Args;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, const std::vector<std::string>
> &args)
> > -      : Name(name), Args(args) {}
> > -
> > +  PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, std::vector<std::string> Args)
> > +      : Name(name), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >    Function *Codegen();
> >  };
> >
> >  /// FunctionAST - This class represents a function definition itself.
> >  class FunctionAST {
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto;
> > -  ExprAST *Body;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body;
> >  public:
> > -  FunctionAST(PrototypeAST *proto, ExprAST *body) : Proto(proto),
> Body(body) {}
> > -
> > +  FunctionAST(std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto,
> > +              std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +    : Proto(std::move(Proto)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >    Function *Codegen();
> >  };
> >  } // end anonymous namespace
> > @@ -235,41 +232,41 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  /// Error* - These are little helper functions for error handling.
> > -ExprAST *Error(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Error(const char *Str) {
> >    fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> > -PrototypeAST *ErrorP(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ErrorP(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> > -FunctionAST *ErrorF(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ErrorF(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression();
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression();
> >
> >  /// identifierexpr
> >  ///   ::= identifier
> >  ///   ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> >    std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;
> >
> >    getNextToken(); // eat identifier.
> >
> >    if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
> > -    return new VariableExprAST(IdName);
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<VariableExprAST>(IdName);
> >
> >    // Call.
> >    getNextToken(); // eat (
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST *> Args;
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >    if (CurTok != ')') {
> >      while (1) {
> > -      ExprAST *Arg = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (!Arg)
> > -        return 0;
> > -      Args.push_back(Arg);
> > +      if (auto Arg = ParseExpression())
> > +        Args.push_back(std::move(Arg));
> > +      else
> > +        return nullptr;
> >
> >        if (CurTok == ')')
> >          break;
> > @@ -283,22 +280,22 @@
> >    // Eat the ')'.
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  return new CallExprAST(IdName, Args);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<CallExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Args));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// numberexpr ::= number
> > -static ExprAST *ParseNumberExpr() {
> > -  ExprAST *Result = new NumberExprAST(NumVal);
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseNumberExpr() {
> > +  auto Result = llvm::make_unique<NumberExprAST>(NumVal);
> >    getNextToken(); // consume the number
> > -  return Result;
> > +  return std::move(Result);
> >  }
> >
> >  /// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseParenExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseParenExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat (.
> > -  ExprAST *V = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto V = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!V)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != ')')
> >      return Error("expected ')'");
> > @@ -307,36 +304,37 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  /// ifexpr ::= 'if' expression 'then' expression 'else' expression
> > -static ExprAST *ParseIfExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIfExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the if.
> >
> >    // condition.
> > -  ExprAST *Cond = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto Cond = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!Cond)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_then)
> >      return Error("expected then");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the then
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Then = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Then == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Then = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Then)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_else)
> >      return Error("expected else");
> >
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Else = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto Else = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!Else)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return new IfExprAST(Cond, Then, Else);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<IfExprAST>(std::move(Cond), std::move(Then),
> > +                                      std::move(Else));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// forexpr ::= 'for' identifier '=' expr ',' expr (',' expr)? 'in'
> expression
> > -static ExprAST *ParseForExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseForExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the for.
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> > @@ -349,35 +347,36 @@
> >      return Error("expected '=' after for");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat '='.
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Start = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Start == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Start = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Start)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >    if (CurTok != ',')
> >      return Error("expected ',' after for start value");
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  ExprAST *End = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (End == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto End = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!End)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // The step value is optional.
> > -  ExprAST *Step = 0;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Step;
> >    if (CurTok == ',') {
> >      getNextToken();
> >      Step = ParseExpression();
> > -    if (Step == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!Step)
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    }
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_in)
> >      return Error("expected 'in' after for");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat 'in'.
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Body = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Body == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Body = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Body)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return new ForExprAST(IdName, Start, End, Step, Body);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<ForExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Start),
> std::move(End),
> > +                                       std::move(Step),
> std::move(Body));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// primary
> > @@ -386,7 +385,7 @@
> >  ///   ::= parenexpr
> >  ///   ::= ifexpr
> >  ///   ::= forexpr
> > -static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParsePrimary() {
> >    switch (CurTok) {
> >    default:
> >      return Error("unknown token when expecting an expression");
> > @@ -405,7 +404,8 @@
> >
> >  /// binoprhs
> >  ///   ::= ('+' primary)*
> > -static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec,
> > +                                              std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> LHS) {
> >    // If this is a binop, find its precedence.
> >    while (1) {
> >      int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> > @@ -420,38 +420,39 @@
> >      getNextToken(); // eat binop
> >
> >      // Parse the primary expression after the binary operator.
> > -    ExprAST *RHS = ParsePrimary();
> > +    auto RHS = ParsePrimary();
> >      if (!RHS)
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >
> >      // If BinOp binds less tightly with RHS than the operator after
> RHS, let
> >      // the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
> >      int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> >      if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
> > -      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec + 1, RHS);
> > -      if (RHS == 0)
> > -        return 0;
> > +      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec + 1, std::move(RHS));
> > +      if (!RHS)
> > +        return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // Merge LHS/RHS.
> > -    LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinOp, LHS, RHS);
> > +    LHS = llvm::make_unique<BinaryExprAST>(BinOp, std::move(LHS),
> > +                                           std::move(RHS));
> >    }
> >  }
> >
> >  /// expression
> >  ///   ::= primary binoprhs
> >  ///
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
> > -  ExprAST *LHS = ParsePrimary();
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression() {
> > +  auto LHS = ParsePrimary();
> >    if (!LHS)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
> > +  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, std::move(LHS));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// prototype
> >  ///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParsePrototype() {
> >    if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> >      return ErrorP("Expected function name in prototype");
> >
> > @@ -470,33 +471,34 @@
> >    // success.
> >    getNextToken(); // eat ')'.
> >
> > -  return new PrototypeAST(FnName, ArgNames);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>(FnName, std::move(ArgNames));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseDefinition() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseDefinition() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat def.
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > -  if (Proto == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > +  if (!Proto)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression())
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression())
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// toplevelexpr ::= expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression()) {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression()) {
> >      // Make an anonymous proto.
> > -    PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > +    auto Proto = llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>("",
> > +
>  std::vector<std::string>());
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> >    }
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// external ::= 'extern' prototype
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParseExtern() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParseExtern() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat extern.
> >    return ParsePrototype();
> >  }
> > @@ -512,7 +514,7 @@
> >
> >  Value *ErrorV(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  Value *NumberExprAST::Codegen() {
> > @@ -528,8 +530,8 @@
> >  Value *BinaryExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    Value *L = LHS->Codegen();
> >    Value *R = RHS->Codegen();
> > -  if (L == 0 || R == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!L || !R)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    switch (Op) {
> >    case '+':
> > @@ -551,7 +553,7 @@
> >  Value *CallExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    // Look up the name in the global module table.
> >    Function *CalleeF = TheModule->getFunction(Callee);
> > -  if (CalleeF == 0)
> > +  if (!CalleeF)
> >      return ErrorV("Unknown function referenced");
> >
> >    // If argument mismatch error.
> > @@ -561,8 +563,8 @@
> >    std::vector<Value *> ArgsV;
> >    for (unsigned i = 0, e = Args.size(); i != e; ++i) {
> >      ArgsV.push_back(Args[i]->Codegen());
> > -    if (ArgsV.back() == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!ArgsV.back())
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    }
> >
> >    return Builder.CreateCall(CalleeF, ArgsV, "calltmp");
> > @@ -570,8 +572,8 @@
> >
> >  Value *IfExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    Value *CondV = Cond->Codegen();
> > -  if (CondV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!CondV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Convert condition to a bool by comparing equal to 0.0.
> >    CondV = Builder.CreateFCmpONE(
> > @@ -592,8 +594,8 @@
> >    Builder.SetInsertPoint(ThenBB);
> >
> >    Value *ThenV = Then->Codegen();
> > -  if (ThenV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!ThenV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    Builder.CreateBr(MergeBB);
> >    // Codegen of 'Then' can change the current block, update ThenBB for
> the PHI.
> > @@ -604,8 +606,8 @@
> >    Builder.SetInsertPoint(ElseBB);
> >
> >    Value *ElseV = Else->Codegen();
> > -  if (ElseV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!ElseV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    Builder.CreateBr(MergeBB);
> >    // Codegen of 'Else' can change the current block, update ElseBB for
> the PHI.
> > @@ -641,8 +643,8 @@
> >
> >    // Emit the start code first, without 'variable' in scope.
> >    Value *StartVal = Start->Codegen();
> > -  if (StartVal == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!StartVal)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Make the new basic block for the loop header, inserting after
> current
> >    // block.
> > @@ -670,15 +672,15 @@
> >    // Emit the body of the loop.  This, like any other expr, can change
> the
> >    // current BB.  Note that we ignore the value computed by the body,
> but don't
> >    // allow an error.
> > -  if (Body->Codegen() == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!Body->Codegen())
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Emit the step value.
> >    Value *StepVal;
> >    if (Step) {
> >      StepVal = Step->Codegen();
> > -    if (StepVal == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!StepVal)
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    } else {
> >      // If not specified, use 1.0.
> >      StepVal = ConstantFP::get(getGlobalContext(), APFloat(1.0));
> > @@ -688,7 +690,7 @@
> >
> >    // Compute the end condition.
> >    Value *EndCond = End->Codegen();
> > -  if (EndCond == 0)
> > +  if (!EndCond)
> >      return EndCond;
> >
> >    // Convert condition to a bool by comparing equal to 0.0.
> > @@ -739,13 +741,13 @@
> >      // If F already has a body, reject this.
> >      if (!F->empty()) {
> >        ErrorF("redefinition of function");
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // If F took a different number of args, reject.
> >      if (F->arg_size() != Args.size()) {
> >        ErrorF("redefinition of function with different # args");
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >    }
> >
> > @@ -766,8 +768,8 @@
> >    NamedValues.clear();
> >
> >    Function *TheFunction = Proto->Codegen();
> > -  if (TheFunction == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!TheFunction)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Create a new basic block to start insertion into.
> >    BasicBlock *BB = BasicBlock::Create(getGlobalContext(), "entry",
> TheFunction);
> > @@ -788,7 +790,7 @@
> >
> >    // Error reading body, remove function.
> >    TheFunction->eraseFromParent();
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >
> //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> > @@ -798,10 +800,10 @@
> >  static ExecutionEngine *TheExecutionEngine;
> >
> >  static void HandleDefinition() {
> > -  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseDefinition()) {
> > -    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto FnAST = ParseDefinition()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Read function definition:");
> > -      LF->dump();
> > +      FnIR->dump();
> >      }
> >    } else {
> >      // Skip token for error recovery.
> > @@ -810,10 +812,10 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  static void HandleExtern() {
> > -  if (PrototypeAST *P = ParseExtern()) {
> > -    if (Function *F = P->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto ProtoAST = ParseExtern()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = ProtoAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Read extern: ");
> > -      F->dump();
> > +      FnIR->dump();
> >      }
> >    } else {
> >      // Skip token for error recovery.
> > @@ -823,11 +825,11 @@
> >
> >  static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
> >    // Evaluate a top-level expression into an anonymous function.
> > -  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > -    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto FnAST = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >        TheExecutionEngine->finalizeObject();
> >        // JIT the function, returning a function pointer.
> > -      void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(LF);
> > +      void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(FnIR);
> >
> >        // Cast it to the right type (takes no arguments, returns a
> double) so we
> >        // can call it as a native function.
> > Index: examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter6/toy.cpp
> > ===================================================================
> > --- examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter6/toy.cpp    (revision 245236)
> > +++ examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter6/toy.cpp    (working copy)
> > @@ -131,73 +131,72 @@
> >  /// NumberExprAST - Expression class for numeric literals like "1.0".
> >  class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    double Val;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  NumberExprAST(double val) : Val(val) {}
> > +  NumberExprAST(double Val) : Val(Val) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// VariableExprAST - Expression class for referencing a variable, like
> "a".
> >  class VariableExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Name;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  VariableExprAST(const std::string &name) : Name(name) {}
> > +  VariableExprAST(const std::string &Name) : Name(Name) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// UnaryExprAST - Expression class for a unary operator.
> >  class UnaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    char Opcode;
> > -  ExprAST *Operand;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Operand;
> >
> >  public:
> > -  UnaryExprAST(char opcode, ExprAST *operand)
> > -      : Opcode(opcode), Operand(operand) {}
> > +  UnaryExprAST(char Opcode, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Operand)
> > +      : Opcode(Opcode), Operand(std::move(Operand)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// BinaryExprAST - Expression class for a binary operator.
> >  class BinaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    char Op;
> > -  ExprAST *LHS, *RHS;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS, RHS;
> >  public:
> > -  BinaryExprAST(char op, ExprAST *lhs, ExprAST *rhs)
> > -      : Op(op), LHS(lhs), RHS(rhs) {}
> > +  BinaryExprAST(char Op, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS,
> > +                std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> RHS)
> > +      : Op(Op), LHS(std::move(LHS)), RHS(std::move(RHS)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// CallExprAST - Expression class for function calls.
> >  class CallExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Callee;
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST *> Args;
> > -
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >  public:
> > -  CallExprAST(const std::string &callee, std::vector<ExprAST *> &args)
> > -      : Callee(callee), Args(args) {}
> > +  CallExprAST(const std::string &Callee,
> > +              std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args)
> > +      : Callee(Callee), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// IfExprAST - Expression class for if/then/else.
> >  class IfExprAST : public ExprAST {
> > -  ExprAST *Cond, *Then, *Else;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Cond, Then, Else;
> >  public:
> > -  IfExprAST(ExprAST *cond, ExprAST *then, ExprAST *_else)
> > -      : Cond(cond), Then(then), Else(_else) {}
> > +  IfExprAST(std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Cond, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> Then,
> > +            std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Else)
> > +      : Cond(std::move(Cond)), Then(std::move(Then)),
> Else(std::move(Else)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// ForExprAST - Expression class for for/in.
> >  class ForExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string VarName;
> > -  ExprAST *Start, *End, *Step, *Body;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Start, End, Step, Body;
> >  public:
> > -  ForExprAST(const std::string &varname, ExprAST *start, ExprAST *end,
> > -             ExprAST *step, ExprAST *body)
> > -      : VarName(varname), Start(start), End(end), Step(step),
> Body(body) {}
> > +  ForExprAST(const std::string &VarName, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Start,
> > +             std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> End, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> Step,
> > +             std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +    : VarName(VarName), Start(std::move(Start)), End(std::move(End)),
> > +      Step(std::move(Step)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> > @@ -207,15 +206,16 @@
> >  class PrototypeAST {
> >    std::string Name;
> >    std::vector<std::string> Args;
> > -  bool isOperator;
> > +  bool IsOperator;
> >    unsigned Precedence; // Precedence if a binary op.
> >  public:
> > -  PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, const std::vector<std::string>
> &args,
> > -               bool isoperator = false, unsigned prec = 0)
> > -      : Name(name), Args(args), isOperator(isoperator),
> Precedence(prec) {}
> > +  PrototypeAST(const std::string &Name, std::vector<std::string> Args,
> > +               bool IsOperator = false, unsigned Prec = 0)
> > +    : Name(Name), Args(std::move(Args)), IsOperator(IsOperator),
> > +      Precedence(Prec) {}
> >
> > -  bool isUnaryOp() const { return isOperator && Args.size() == 1; }
> > -  bool isBinaryOp() const { return isOperator && Args.size() == 2; }
> > +  bool isUnaryOp() const { return IsOperator && Args.size() == 1; }
> > +  bool isBinaryOp() const { return IsOperator && Args.size() == 2; }
> >
> >    char getOperatorName() const {
> >      assert(isUnaryOp() || isBinaryOp());
> > @@ -229,12 +229,11 @@
> >
> >  /// FunctionAST - This class represents a function definition itself.
> >  class FunctionAST {
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto;
> > -  ExprAST *Body;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body;
> >  public:
> > -  FunctionAST(PrototypeAST *proto, ExprAST *body) : Proto(proto),
> Body(body) {}
> > -
> > +  FunctionAST(std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto,
> std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +      : Proto(std::move(Proto)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >    Function *Codegen();
> >  };
> >  } // end anonymous namespace
> > @@ -266,41 +265,41 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  /// Error* - These are little helper functions for error handling.
> > -ExprAST *Error(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Error(const char *Str) {
> >    fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> > -PrototypeAST *ErrorP(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ErrorP(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> > -FunctionAST *ErrorF(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ErrorF(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression();
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression();
> >
> >  /// identifierexpr
> >  ///   ::= identifier
> >  ///   ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> >    std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;
> >
> >    getNextToken(); // eat identifier.
> >
> >    if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
> > -    return new VariableExprAST(IdName);
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<VariableExprAST>(IdName);
> >
> >    // Call.
> >    getNextToken(); // eat (
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST *> Args;
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >    if (CurTok != ')') {
> >      while (1) {
> > -      ExprAST *Arg = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (!Arg)
> > -        return 0;
> > -      Args.push_back(Arg);
> > +      if (auto Arg = ParseExpression())
> > +        Args.push_back(std::move(Arg));
> > +      else
> > +        return nullptr;
> >
> >        if (CurTok == ')')
> >          break;
> > @@ -314,22 +313,22 @@
> >    // Eat the ')'.
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  return new CallExprAST(IdName, Args);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<CallExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Args));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// numberexpr ::= number
> > -static ExprAST *ParseNumberExpr() {
> > -  ExprAST *Result = new NumberExprAST(NumVal);
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseNumberExpr() {
> > +  auto Result = llvm::make_unique<NumberExprAST>(NumVal);
> >    getNextToken(); // consume the number
> > -  return Result;
> > +  return std::move(Result);
> >  }
> >
> >  /// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseParenExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseParenExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat (.
> > -  ExprAST *V = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto V = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!V)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != ')')
> >      return Error("expected ')'");
> > @@ -338,36 +337,37 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  /// ifexpr ::= 'if' expression 'then' expression 'else' expression
> > -static ExprAST *ParseIfExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIfExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the if.
> >
> >    // condition.
> > -  ExprAST *Cond = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto Cond = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!Cond)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_then)
> >      return Error("expected then");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the then
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Then = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Then == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Then = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Then)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_else)
> >      return Error("expected else");
> >
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Else = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto Else = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!Else)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return new IfExprAST(Cond, Then, Else);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<IfExprAST>(std::move(Cond), std::move(Then),
> > +                                      std::move(Else));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// forexpr ::= 'for' identifier '=' expr ',' expr (',' expr)? 'in'
> expression
> > -static ExprAST *ParseForExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseForExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the for.
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> > @@ -380,35 +380,36 @@
> >      return Error("expected '=' after for");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat '='.
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Start = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Start == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Start = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Start)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >    if (CurTok != ',')
> >      return Error("expected ',' after for start value");
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  ExprAST *End = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (End == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto End = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!End)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // The step value is optional.
> > -  ExprAST *Step = 0;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Step;
> >    if (CurTok == ',') {
> >      getNextToken();
> >      Step = ParseExpression();
> > -    if (Step == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!Step)
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    }
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_in)
> >      return Error("expected 'in' after for");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat 'in'.
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Body = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Body == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Body = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Body)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return new ForExprAST(IdName, Start, End, Step, Body);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<ForExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Start),
> std::move(End),
> > +                                       std::move(Step),
> std::move(Body));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// primary
> > @@ -417,7 +418,7 @@
> >  ///   ::= parenexpr
> >  ///   ::= ifexpr
> >  ///   ::= forexpr
> > -static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParsePrimary() {
> >    switch (CurTok) {
> >    default:
> >      return Error("unknown token when expecting an expression");
> > @@ -437,7 +438,7 @@
> >  /// unary
> >  ///   ::= primary
> >  ///   ::= '!' unary
> > -static ExprAST *ParseUnary() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseUnary() {
> >    // If the current token is not an operator, it must be a primary expr.
> >    if (!isascii(CurTok) || CurTok == '(' || CurTok == ',')
> >      return ParsePrimary();
> > @@ -445,14 +446,14 @@
> >    // If this is a unary operator, read it.
> >    int Opc = CurTok;
> >    getNextToken();
> > -  if (ExprAST *Operand = ParseUnary())
> > -    return new UnaryExprAST(Opc, Operand);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  if (auto Operand = ParseUnary())
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<UnaryExprAST>(Opc, std::move(Operand));
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// binoprhs
> >  ///   ::= ('+' unary)*
> > -static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
> > +  static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec,
> std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS) {
> >    // If this is a binop, find its precedence.
> >    while (1) {
> >      int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> > @@ -467,40 +468,40 @@
> >      getNextToken(); // eat binop
> >
> >      // Parse the unary expression after the binary operator.
> > -    ExprAST *RHS = ParseUnary();
> > +    auto RHS = ParseUnary();
> >      if (!RHS)
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >
> >      // If BinOp binds less tightly with RHS than the operator after
> RHS, let
> >      // the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
> >      int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> >      if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
> > -      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec + 1, RHS);
> > -      if (RHS == 0)
> > -        return 0;
> > +      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec + 1, std::move(RHS));
> > +      if (!RHS)
> > +        return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // Merge LHS/RHS.
> > -    LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinOp, LHS, RHS);
> > +    LHS = llvm::make_unique<BinaryExprAST>(BinOp, std::move(LHS),
> std::move(RHS));
> >    }
> >  }
> >
> >  /// expression
> >  ///   ::= unary binoprhs
> >  ///
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
> > -  ExprAST *LHS = ParseUnary();
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression() {
> > +  auto LHS = ParseUnary();
> >    if (!LHS)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
> > +  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, std::move(LHS));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// prototype
> >  ///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
> >  ///   ::= binary LETTER number? (id, id)
> >  ///   ::= unary LETTER (id)
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParsePrototype() {
> >    std::string FnName;
> >
> >    unsigned Kind = 0; // 0 = identifier, 1 = unary, 2 = binary.
> > @@ -558,33 +559,34 @@
> >    if (Kind && ArgNames.size() != Kind)
> >      return ErrorP("Invalid number of operands for operator");
> >
> > -  return new PrototypeAST(FnName, ArgNames, Kind != 0,
> BinaryPrecedence);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>(FnName, ArgNames, Kind != 0,
> > +                                         BinaryPrecedence);
> >  }
> >
> >  /// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseDefinition() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseDefinition() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat def.
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > -  if (Proto == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > +  if (!Proto)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression())
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression())
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// toplevelexpr ::= expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression()) {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression()) {
> >      // Make an anonymous proto.
> > -    PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > +    auto Proto = llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>("",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> >    }
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// external ::= 'extern' prototype
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParseExtern() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParseExtern() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat extern.
> >    return ParsePrototype();
> >  }
> > @@ -600,7 +602,7 @@
> >
> >  Value *ErrorV(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  Value *NumberExprAST::Codegen() {
> > @@ -615,11 +617,11 @@
> >
> >  Value *UnaryExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    Value *OperandV = Operand->Codegen();
> > -  if (OperandV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!OperandV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    Function *F = TheModule->getFunction(std::string("unary") + Opcode);
> > -  if (F == 0)
> > +  if (!F)
> >      return ErrorV("Unknown unary operator");
> >
> >    return Builder.CreateCall(F, OperandV, "unop");
> > @@ -628,8 +630,8 @@
> >  Value *BinaryExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    Value *L = LHS->Codegen();
> >    Value *R = RHS->Codegen();
> > -  if (L == 0 || R == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!L || !R)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    switch (Op) {
> >    case '+':
> > @@ -659,7 +661,7 @@
> >  Value *CallExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    // Look up the name in the global module table.
> >    Function *CalleeF = TheModule->getFunction(Callee);
> > -  if (CalleeF == 0)
> > +  if (!CalleeF)
> >      return ErrorV("Unknown function referenced");
> >
> >    // If argument mismatch error.
> > @@ -669,8 +671,8 @@
> >    std::vector<Value *> ArgsV;
> >    for (unsigned i = 0, e = Args.size(); i != e; ++i) {
> >      ArgsV.push_back(Args[i]->Codegen());
> > -    if (ArgsV.back() == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!ArgsV.back())
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    }
> >
> >    return Builder.CreateCall(CalleeF, ArgsV, "calltmp");
> > @@ -678,8 +680,8 @@
> >
> >  Value *IfExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    Value *CondV = Cond->Codegen();
> > -  if (CondV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!CondV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Convert condition to a bool by comparing equal to 0.0.
> >    CondV = Builder.CreateFCmpONE(
> > @@ -700,8 +702,8 @@
> >    Builder.SetInsertPoint(ThenBB);
> >
> >    Value *ThenV = Then->Codegen();
> > -  if (ThenV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!ThenV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    Builder.CreateBr(MergeBB);
> >    // Codegen of 'Then' can change the current block, update ThenBB for
> the PHI.
> > @@ -712,8 +714,8 @@
> >    Builder.SetInsertPoint(ElseBB);
> >
> >    Value *ElseV = Else->Codegen();
> > -  if (ElseV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!ElseV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    Builder.CreateBr(MergeBB);
> >    // Codegen of 'Else' can change the current block, update ElseBB for
> the PHI.
> > @@ -749,8 +751,8 @@
> >
> >    // Emit the start code first, without 'variable' in scope.
> >    Value *StartVal = Start->Codegen();
> > -  if (StartVal == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!StartVal)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Make the new basic block for the loop header, inserting after
> current
> >    // block.
> > @@ -778,15 +780,15 @@
> >    // Emit the body of the loop.  This, like any other expr, can change
> the
> >    // current BB.  Note that we ignore the value computed by the body,
> but don't
> >    // allow an error.
> > -  if (Body->Codegen() == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!Body->Codegen())
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Emit the step value.
> >    Value *StepVal;
> >    if (Step) {
> >      StepVal = Step->Codegen();
> > -    if (StepVal == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!StepVal)
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    } else {
> >      // If not specified, use 1.0.
> >      StepVal = ConstantFP::get(getGlobalContext(), APFloat(1.0));
> > @@ -796,7 +798,7 @@
> >
> >    // Compute the end condition.
> >    Value *EndCond = End->Codegen();
> > -  if (EndCond == 0)
> > +  if (!EndCond)
> >      return EndCond;
> >
> >    // Convert condition to a bool by comparing equal to 0.0.
> > @@ -847,13 +849,13 @@
> >      // If F already has a body, reject this.
> >      if (!F->empty()) {
> >        ErrorF("redefinition of function");
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // If F took a different number of args, reject.
> >      if (F->arg_size() != Args.size()) {
> >        ErrorF("redefinition of function with different # args");
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >    }
> >
> > @@ -874,8 +876,8 @@
> >    NamedValues.clear();
> >
> >    Function *TheFunction = Proto->Codegen();
> > -  if (TheFunction == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!TheFunction)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // If this is an operator, install it.
> >    if (Proto->isBinaryOp())
> > @@ -903,7 +905,7 @@
> >
> >    if (Proto->isBinaryOp())
> >      BinopPrecedence.erase(Proto->getOperatorName());
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >
> //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> > @@ -913,10 +915,10 @@
> >  static ExecutionEngine *TheExecutionEngine;
> >
> >  static void HandleDefinition() {
> > -  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseDefinition()) {
> > -    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto FnAST = ParseDefinition()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Read function definition:");
> > -      LF->dump();
> > +      FnIR->dump();
> >      }
> >    } else {
> >      // Skip token for error recovery.
> > @@ -925,10 +927,10 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  static void HandleExtern() {
> > -  if (PrototypeAST *P = ParseExtern()) {
> > -    if (Function *F = P->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto ProtoAST = ParseExtern()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = ProtoAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Read extern: ");
> > -      F->dump();
> > +      FnIR->dump();
> >      }
> >    } else {
> >      // Skip token for error recovery.
> > @@ -938,11 +940,11 @@
> >
> >  static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
> >    // Evaluate a top-level expression into an anonymous function.
> > -  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > -    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto FnAST = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >        TheExecutionEngine->finalizeObject();
> >        // JIT the function, returning a function pointer.
> > -      void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(LF);
> > +      void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(FnIR);
> >
> >        // Cast it to the right type (takes no arguments, returns a
> double) so we
> >        // can call it as a native function.
> > Index: examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter7/toy.cpp
> > ===================================================================
> > --- examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter7/toy.cpp    (revision 245236)
> > +++ examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter7/toy.cpp    (working copy)
> > @@ -136,18 +136,16 @@
> >  /// NumberExprAST - Expression class for numeric literals like "1.0".
> >  class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    double Val;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  NumberExprAST(double val) : Val(val) {}
> > +  NumberExprAST(double Val) : Val(Val) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// VariableExprAST - Expression class for referencing a variable, like
> "a".
> >  class VariableExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Name;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  VariableExprAST(const std::string &name) : Name(name) {}
> > +  VariableExprAST(const std::string &Name) : Name(Name) {}
> >    const std::string &getName() const { return Name; }
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> > @@ -155,68 +153,66 @@
> >  /// UnaryExprAST - Expression class for a unary operator.
> >  class UnaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    char Opcode;
> > -  ExprAST *Operand;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Operand;
> >  public:
> > -  UnaryExprAST(char opcode, ExprAST *operand)
> > -      : Opcode(opcode), Operand(operand) {}
> > +  UnaryExprAST(char Opcode, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Operand)
> > +      : Opcode(Opcode), Operand(std::move(Operand)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// BinaryExprAST - Expression class for a binary operator.
> >  class BinaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    char Op;
> > -  ExprAST *LHS, *RHS;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS, RHS;
> >  public:
> > -  BinaryExprAST(char op, ExprAST *lhs, ExprAST *rhs)
> > -      : Op(op), LHS(lhs), RHS(rhs) {}
> > +  BinaryExprAST(char Op, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS,
> > +                std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> RHS)
> > +      : Op(Op), LHS(std::move(LHS)), RHS(std::move(RHS)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// CallExprAST - Expression class for function calls.
> >  class CallExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Callee;
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST *> Args;
> > -
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >  public:
> > -  CallExprAST(const std::string &callee, std::vector<ExprAST *> &args)
> > -      : Callee(callee), Args(args) {}
> > +  CallExprAST(const std::string &Callee,
> > +              std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args)
> > +      : Callee(Callee), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// IfExprAST - Expression class for if/then/else.
> >  class IfExprAST : public ExprAST {
> > -  ExprAST *Cond, *Then, *Else;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Cond, Then, Else;
> >  public:
> > -  IfExprAST(ExprAST *cond, ExprAST *then, ExprAST *_else)
> > -      : Cond(cond), Then(then), Else(_else) {}
> > +  IfExprAST(std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Cond, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> Then,
> > +            std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Else)
> > +      : Cond(std::move(Cond)), Then(std::move(Then)),
> Else(std::move(Else)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// ForExprAST - Expression class for for/in.
> >  class ForExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string VarName;
> > -  ExprAST *Start, *End, *Step, *Body;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Start, End, Step, Body;
> >  public:
> > -  ForExprAST(const std::string &varname, ExprAST *start, ExprAST *end,
> > -             ExprAST *step, ExprAST *body)
> > -      : VarName(varname), Start(start), End(end), Step(step),
> Body(body) {}
> > +  ForExprAST(const std::string &VarName, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Start,
> > +             std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> End, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> Step,
> > +             std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +      : VarName(VarName), Start(std::move(Start)), End(std::move(End)),
> > +        Step(std::move(Step)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> >  /// VarExprAST - Expression class for var/in
> >  class VarExprAST : public ExprAST {
> > -  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ExprAST *> > VarNames;
> > -  ExprAST *Body;
> > -
> > +  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>>>
> VarNames;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body;
> >  public:
> > -  VarExprAST(const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ExprAST *> >
> &varnames,
> > -             ExprAST *body)
> > -      : VarNames(varnames), Body(body) {}
> > -
> > +  VarExprAST(std::vector<std::pair<std::string,
> std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>>> VarNames,
> > +             std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +    : VarNames(std::move(VarNames)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >    Value *Codegen() override;
> >  };
> >
> > @@ -225,15 +221,16 @@
> >  class PrototypeAST {
> >    std::string Name;
> >    std::vector<std::string> Args;
> > -  bool isOperator;
> > +  bool IsOperator;
> >    unsigned Precedence; // Precedence if a binary op.
> >  public:
> > -  PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, const std::vector<std::string>
> &args,
> > -               bool isoperator = false, unsigned prec = 0)
> > -      : Name(name), Args(args), isOperator(isoperator),
> Precedence(prec) {}
> > +  PrototypeAST(const std::string &Name, std::vector<std::string> Args,
> > +               bool IsOperator = false, unsigned Prec = 0)
> > +    : Name(Name), Args(std::move(Args)), IsOperator(IsOperator),
> > +      Precedence(Prec) {}
> >
> > -  bool isUnaryOp() const { return isOperator && Args.size() == 1; }
> > -  bool isBinaryOp() const { return isOperator && Args.size() == 2; }
> > +  bool isUnaryOp() const { return IsOperator && Args.size() == 1; }
> > +  bool isBinaryOp() const { return IsOperator && Args.size() == 2; }
> >
> >    char getOperatorName() const {
> >      assert(isUnaryOp() || isBinaryOp());
> > @@ -249,12 +246,11 @@
> >
> >  /// FunctionAST - This class represents a function definition itself.
> >  class FunctionAST {
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto;
> > -  ExprAST *Body;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body;
> >  public:
> > -  FunctionAST(PrototypeAST *proto, ExprAST *body) : Proto(proto),
> Body(body) {}
> > -
> > +  FunctionAST(std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto,
> std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +      : Proto(std::move(Proto)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >    Function *Codegen();
> >  };
> >  } // end anonymous namespace
> > @@ -286,41 +282,41 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  /// Error* - These are little helper functions for error handling.
> > -ExprAST *Error(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Error(const char *Str) {
> >    fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> > -PrototypeAST *ErrorP(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ErrorP(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> > -FunctionAST *ErrorF(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ErrorF(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression();
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression();
> >
> >  /// identifierexpr
> >  ///   ::= identifier
> >  ///   ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> >    std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;
> >
> >    getNextToken(); // eat identifier.
> >
> >    if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
> > -    return new VariableExprAST(IdName);
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<VariableExprAST>(IdName);
> >
> >    // Call.
> >    getNextToken(); // eat (
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST *> Args;
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >    if (CurTok != ')') {
> >      while (1) {
> > -      ExprAST *Arg = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (!Arg)
> > -        return 0;
> > -      Args.push_back(Arg);
> > +      if (auto Arg = ParseExpression())
> > +        Args.push_back(std::move(Arg));
> > +      else
> > +        return nullptr;
> >
> >        if (CurTok == ')')
> >          break;
> > @@ -334,22 +330,22 @@
> >    // Eat the ')'.
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  return new CallExprAST(IdName, Args);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<CallExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Args));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// numberexpr ::= number
> > -static ExprAST *ParseNumberExpr() {
> > -  ExprAST *Result = new NumberExprAST(NumVal);
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseNumberExpr() {
> > +  auto Result = llvm::make_unique<NumberExprAST>(NumVal);
> >    getNextToken(); // consume the number
> > -  return Result;
> > +  return std::move(Result);
> >  }
> >
> >  /// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseParenExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseParenExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat (.
> > -  ExprAST *V = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto V = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!V)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != ')')
> >      return Error("expected ')'");
> > @@ -358,36 +354,37 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  /// ifexpr ::= 'if' expression 'then' expression 'else' expression
> > -static ExprAST *ParseIfExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIfExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the if.
> >
> >    // condition.
> > -  ExprAST *Cond = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto Cond = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!Cond)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_then)
> >      return Error("expected then");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the then
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Then = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Then == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Then = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Then)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_else)
> >      return Error("expected else");
> >
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Else = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto Else = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!Else)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return new IfExprAST(Cond, Then, Else);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<IfExprAST>(std::move(Cond), std::move(Then),
> > +                                      std::move(Else));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// forexpr ::= 'for' identifier '=' expr ',' expr (',' expr)? 'in'
> expression
> > -static ExprAST *ParseForExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseForExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the for.
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> > @@ -400,43 +397,44 @@
> >      return Error("expected '=' after for");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat '='.
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Start = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Start == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Start = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Start)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >    if (CurTok != ',')
> >      return Error("expected ',' after for start value");
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  ExprAST *End = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (End == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto End = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!End)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // The step value is optional.
> > -  ExprAST *Step = 0;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Step;
> >    if (CurTok == ',') {
> >      getNextToken();
> >      Step = ParseExpression();
> > -    if (Step == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!Step)
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    }
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_in)
> >      return Error("expected 'in' after for");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat 'in'.
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Body = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Body == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Body = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Body)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return new ForExprAST(IdName, Start, End, Step, Body);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<ForExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Start),
> std::move(End),
> > +                                       std::move(Step),
> std::move(Body));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// varexpr ::= 'var' identifier ('=' expression)?
> >  //                    (',' identifier ('=' expression)?)* 'in'
> expression
> > -static ExprAST *ParseVarExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseVarExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the var.
> >
> > -  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ExprAST *> > VarNames;
> > +  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>>>
> VarNames;
> >
> >    // At least one variable name is required.
> >    if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> > @@ -447,16 +445,16 @@
> >      getNextToken(); // eat identifier.
> >
> >      // Read the optional initializer.
> > -    ExprAST *Init = 0;
> > +    std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Init = nullptr;
> >      if (CurTok == '=') {
> >        getNextToken(); // eat the '='.
> >
> >        Init = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (Init == 0)
> > -        return 0;
> > +      if (!Init)
> > +        return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> > -    VarNames.push_back(std::make_pair(Name, Init));
> > +    VarNames.push_back(std::make_pair(Name, std::move(Init)));
> >
> >      // End of var list, exit loop.
> >      if (CurTok != ',')
> > @@ -472,11 +470,11 @@
> >      return Error("expected 'in' keyword after 'var'");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat 'in'.
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Body = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Body == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Body = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Body)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return new VarExprAST(VarNames, Body);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<VarExprAST>(std::move(VarNames),
> std::move(Body));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// primary
> > @@ -486,7 +484,7 @@
> >  ///   ::= ifexpr
> >  ///   ::= forexpr
> >  ///   ::= varexpr
> > -static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParsePrimary() {
> >    switch (CurTok) {
> >    default:
> >      return Error("unknown token when expecting an expression");
> > @@ -508,7 +506,7 @@
> >  /// unary
> >  ///   ::= primary
> >  ///   ::= '!' unary
> > -static ExprAST *ParseUnary() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseUnary() {
> >    // If the current token is not an operator, it must be a primary expr.
> >    if (!isascii(CurTok) || CurTok == '(' || CurTok == ',')
> >      return ParsePrimary();
> > @@ -516,14 +514,14 @@
> >    // If this is a unary operator, read it.
> >    int Opc = CurTok;
> >    getNextToken();
> > -  if (ExprAST *Operand = ParseUnary())
> > -    return new UnaryExprAST(Opc, Operand);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  if (auto Operand = ParseUnary())
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<UnaryExprAST>(Opc, std::move(Operand));
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// binoprhs
> >  ///   ::= ('+' unary)*
> > -static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
> > +  static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec,
> std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS) {
> >    // If this is a binop, find its precedence.
> >    while (1) {
> >      int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> > @@ -538,40 +536,40 @@
> >      getNextToken(); // eat binop
> >
> >      // Parse the unary expression after the binary operator.
> > -    ExprAST *RHS = ParseUnary();
> > +    auto RHS = ParseUnary();
> >      if (!RHS)
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >
> >      // If BinOp binds less tightly with RHS than the operator after
> RHS, let
> >      // the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
> >      int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> >      if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
> > -      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec + 1, RHS);
> > -      if (RHS == 0)
> > -        return 0;
> > +      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec + 1, std::move(RHS));
> > +      if (!RHS)
> > +        return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // Merge LHS/RHS.
> > -    LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinOp, LHS, RHS);
> > +    LHS = llvm::make_unique<BinaryExprAST>(BinOp, std::move(LHS),
> std::move(RHS));
> >    }
> >  }
> >
> >  /// expression
> >  ///   ::= unary binoprhs
> >  ///
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
> > -  ExprAST *LHS = ParseUnary();
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression() {
> > +  auto LHS = ParseUnary();
> >    if (!LHS)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
> > +  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, std::move(LHS));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// prototype
> >  ///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
> >  ///   ::= binary LETTER number? (id, id)
> >  ///   ::= unary LETTER (id)
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParsePrototype() {
> >    std::string FnName;
> >
> >    unsigned Kind = 0; // 0 = identifier, 1 = unary, 2 = binary.
> > @@ -629,33 +627,34 @@
> >    if (Kind && ArgNames.size() != Kind)
> >      return ErrorP("Invalid number of operands for operator");
> >
> > -  return new PrototypeAST(FnName, ArgNames, Kind != 0,
> BinaryPrecedence);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>(FnName, ArgNames, Kind != 0,
> > +                                         BinaryPrecedence);
> >  }
> >
> >  /// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseDefinition() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseDefinition() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat def.
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > -  if (Proto == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > +  if (!Proto)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression())
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression())
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// toplevelexpr ::= expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression()) {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression()) {
> >      // Make an anonymous proto.
> > -    PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > +    auto Proto = llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>("",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> >    }
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// external ::= 'extern' prototype
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParseExtern() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParseExtern() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat extern.
> >    return ParsePrototype();
> >  }
> > @@ -671,7 +670,7 @@
> >
> >  Value *ErrorV(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// CreateEntryBlockAlloca - Create an alloca instruction in the entry
> block of
> > @@ -691,7 +690,7 @@
> >  Value *VariableExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    // Look this variable up in the function.
> >    Value *V = NamedValues[Name];
> > -  if (V == 0)
> > +  if (!V)
> >      return ErrorV("Unknown variable name");
> >
> >    // Load the value.
> > @@ -700,11 +699,11 @@
> >
> >  Value *UnaryExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    Value *OperandV = Operand->Codegen();
> > -  if (OperandV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!OperandV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    Function *F = TheModule->getFunction(std::string("unary") + Opcode);
> > -  if (F == 0)
> > +  if (!F)
> >      return ErrorV("Unknown unary operator");
> >
> >    return Builder.CreateCall(F, OperandV, "unop");
> > @@ -717,17 +716,17 @@
> >      // This assume we're building without RTTI because LLVM builds that
> way by
> >      // default.  If you build LLVM with RTTI this can be changed to a
> >      // dynamic_cast for automatic error checking.
> > -    VariableExprAST *LHSE = static_cast<VariableExprAST *>(LHS);
> > +    VariableExprAST *LHSE = static_cast<VariableExprAST*>(LHS.get());
> >      if (!LHSE)
> >        return ErrorV("destination of '=' must be a variable");
> >      // Codegen the RHS.
> >      Value *Val = RHS->Codegen();
> > -    if (Val == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!Val)
> > +      return nullptr;
> >
> >      // Look up the name.
> >      Value *Variable = NamedValues[LHSE->getName()];
> > -    if (Variable == 0)
> > +    if (!Variable)
> >        return ErrorV("Unknown variable name");
> >
> >      Builder.CreateStore(Val, Variable);
> > @@ -736,8 +735,8 @@
> >
> >    Value *L = LHS->Codegen();
> >    Value *R = RHS->Codegen();
> > -  if (L == 0 || R == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!L || !R)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    switch (Op) {
> >    case '+':
> > @@ -767,7 +766,7 @@
> >  Value *CallExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    // Look up the name in the global module table.
> >    Function *CalleeF = TheModule->getFunction(Callee);
> > -  if (CalleeF == 0)
> > +  if (!CalleeF)
> >      return ErrorV("Unknown function referenced");
> >
> >    // If argument mismatch error.
> > @@ -777,8 +776,8 @@
> >    std::vector<Value *> ArgsV;
> >    for (unsigned i = 0, e = Args.size(); i != e; ++i) {
> >      ArgsV.push_back(Args[i]->Codegen());
> > -    if (ArgsV.back() == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!ArgsV.back())
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    }
> >
> >    return Builder.CreateCall(CalleeF, ArgsV, "calltmp");
> > @@ -786,8 +785,8 @@
> >
> >  Value *IfExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    Value *CondV = Cond->Codegen();
> > -  if (CondV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!CondV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Convert condition to a bool by comparing equal to 0.0.
> >    CondV = Builder.CreateFCmpONE(
> > @@ -808,8 +807,8 @@
> >    Builder.SetInsertPoint(ThenBB);
> >
> >    Value *ThenV = Then->Codegen();
> > -  if (ThenV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!ThenV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    Builder.CreateBr(MergeBB);
> >    // Codegen of 'Then' can change the current block, update ThenBB for
> the PHI.
> > @@ -820,8 +819,8 @@
> >    Builder.SetInsertPoint(ElseBB);
> >
> >    Value *ElseV = Else->Codegen();
> > -  if (ElseV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!ElseV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    Builder.CreateBr(MergeBB);
> >    // Codegen of 'Else' can change the current block, update ElseBB for
> the PHI.
> > @@ -866,8 +865,8 @@
> >
> >    // Emit the start code first, without 'variable' in scope.
> >    Value *StartVal = Start->Codegen();
> > -  if (StartVal == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!StartVal)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Store the value into the alloca.
> >    Builder.CreateStore(StartVal, Alloca);
> > @@ -891,15 +890,15 @@
> >    // Emit the body of the loop.  This, like any other expr, can change
> the
> >    // current BB.  Note that we ignore the value computed by the body,
> but don't
> >    // allow an error.
> > -  if (Body->Codegen() == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!Body->Codegen())
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Emit the step value.
> >    Value *StepVal;
> >    if (Step) {
> >      StepVal = Step->Codegen();
> > -    if (StepVal == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!StepVal)
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    } else {
> >      // If not specified, use 1.0.
> >      StepVal = ConstantFP::get(getGlobalContext(), APFloat(1.0));
> > @@ -907,7 +906,7 @@
> >
> >    // Compute the end condition.
> >    Value *EndCond = End->Codegen();
> > -  if (EndCond == 0)
> > +  if (!EndCond)
> >      return EndCond;
> >
> >    // Reload, increment, and restore the alloca.  This handles the case
> where
> > @@ -948,7 +947,7 @@
> >    // Register all variables and emit their initializer.
> >    for (unsigned i = 0, e = VarNames.size(); i != e; ++i) {
> >      const std::string &VarName = VarNames[i].first;
> > -    ExprAST *Init = VarNames[i].second;
> > +    ExprAST *Init = VarNames[i].second.get();
> >
> >      // Emit the initializer before adding the variable to scope, this
> prevents
> >      // the initializer from referencing the variable itself, and
> permits stuff
> > @@ -958,8 +957,8 @@
> >      Value *InitVal;
> >      if (Init) {
> >        InitVal = Init->Codegen();
> > -      if (InitVal == 0)
> > -        return 0;
> > +      if (!InitVal)
> > +        return nullptr;
> >      } else { // If not specified, use 0.0.
> >        InitVal = ConstantFP::get(getGlobalContext(), APFloat(0.0));
> >      }
> > @@ -977,8 +976,8 @@
> >
> >    // Codegen the body, now that all vars are in scope.
> >    Value *BodyVal = Body->Codegen();
> > -  if (BodyVal == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!BodyVal)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Pop all our variables from scope.
> >    for (unsigned i = 0, e = VarNames.size(); i != e; ++i)
> > @@ -1008,13 +1007,13 @@
> >      // If F already has a body, reject this.
> >      if (!F->empty()) {
> >        ErrorF("redefinition of function");
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // If F took a different number of args, reject.
> >      if (F->arg_size() != Args.size()) {
> >        ErrorF("redefinition of function with different # args");
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >    }
> >
> > @@ -1047,8 +1046,8 @@
> >    NamedValues.clear();
> >
> >    Function *TheFunction = Proto->Codegen();
> > -  if (TheFunction == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!TheFunction)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // If this is an operator, install it.
> >    if (Proto->isBinaryOp())
> > @@ -1079,7 +1078,7 @@
> >
> >    if (Proto->isBinaryOp())
> >      BinopPrecedence.erase(Proto->getOperatorName());
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >
> //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> > @@ -1089,10 +1088,10 @@
> >  static ExecutionEngine *TheExecutionEngine;
> >
> >  static void HandleDefinition() {
> > -  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseDefinition()) {
> > -    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto FnAST = ParseDefinition()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Read function definition:");
> > -      LF->dump();
> > +      FnIR->dump();
> >      }
> >    } else {
> >      // Skip token for error recovery.
> > @@ -1101,10 +1100,10 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  static void HandleExtern() {
> > -  if (PrototypeAST *P = ParseExtern()) {
> > -    if (Function *F = P->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto ProtoAST = ParseExtern()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = ProtoAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Read extern: ");
> > -      F->dump();
> > +      FnIR->dump();
> >      }
> >    } else {
> >      // Skip token for error recovery.
> > @@ -1114,11 +1113,11 @@
> >
> >  static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
> >    // Evaluate a top-level expression into an anonymous function.
> > -  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > -    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto FnAST = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > +    if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >        TheExecutionEngine->finalizeObject();
> >        // JIT the function, returning a function pointer.
> > -      void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(LF);
> > +      void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(FnIR);
> >
> >        // Cast it to the right type (takes no arguments, returns a
> double) so we
> >        // can call it as a native function.
> > Index: examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter8/toy.cpp
> > ===================================================================
> > --- examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter8/toy.cpp    (revision 245236)
> > +++ examples/Kaleidoscope/Chapter8/toy.cpp    (working copy)
> > @@ -203,7 +203,6 @@
> >  /// ExprAST - Base class for all expression nodes.
> >  class ExprAST {
> >    SourceLocation Loc;
> > -
> >  public:
> >    int getLine() const { return Loc.Line; }
> >    int getCol() const { return Loc.Col; }
> > @@ -218,9 +217,8 @@
> >  /// NumberExprAST - Expression class for numeric literals like "1.0".
> >  class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    double Val;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  NumberExprAST(double val) : Val(val) {}
> > +  NumberExprAST(double Val) : Val(Val) {}
> >    std::ostream &dump(std::ostream &out, int ind) override {
> >      return ExprAST::dump(out << Val, ind);
> >    }
> > @@ -230,10 +228,9 @@
> >  /// VariableExprAST - Expression class for referencing a variable, like
> "a".
> >  class VariableExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Name;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  VariableExprAST(SourceLocation Loc, const std::string &name)
> > -      : ExprAST(Loc), Name(name) {}
> > +  VariableExprAST(SourceLocation Loc, const std::string &Name)
> > +      : ExprAST(Loc), Name(Name) {}
> >    const std::string &getName() const { return Name; }
> >    std::ostream &dump(std::ostream &out, int ind) override {
> >      return ExprAST::dump(out << Name, ind);
> > @@ -244,11 +241,10 @@
> >  /// UnaryExprAST - Expression class for a unary operator.
> >  class UnaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    char Opcode;
> > -  ExprAST *Operand;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Operand;
> >  public:
> > -  UnaryExprAST(char opcode, ExprAST *operand)
> > -      : Opcode(opcode), Operand(operand) {}
> > +  UnaryExprAST(char Opcode, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Operand)
> > +      : Opcode(Opcode), Operand(std::move(Operand)) {}
> >    std::ostream &dump(std::ostream &out, int ind) override {
> >      ExprAST::dump(out << "unary" << Opcode, ind);
> >      Operand->dump(out, ind + 1);
> > @@ -260,11 +256,11 @@
> >  /// BinaryExprAST - Expression class for a binary operator.
> >  class BinaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    char Op;
> > -  ExprAST *LHS, *RHS;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS, RHS;
> >  public:
> > -  BinaryExprAST(SourceLocation Loc, char op, ExprAST *lhs, ExprAST *rhs)
> > -      : ExprAST(Loc), Op(op), LHS(lhs), RHS(rhs) {}
> > +  BinaryExprAST(SourceLocation Loc, char Op, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> LHS,
> > +                std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> RHS)
> > +      : ExprAST(Loc), Op(Op), LHS(std::move(LHS)), RHS(std::move(RHS))
> {}
> >    std::ostream &dump(std::ostream &out, int ind) override {
> >      ExprAST::dump(out << "binary" << Op, ind);
> >      LHS->dump(indent(out, ind) << "LHS:", ind + 1);
> > @@ -277,15 +273,14 @@
> >  /// CallExprAST - Expression class for function calls.
> >  class CallExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string Callee;
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST *> Args;
> > -
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >  public:
> > -  CallExprAST(SourceLocation Loc, const std::string &callee,
> > -              std::vector<ExprAST *> &args)
> > -      : ExprAST(Loc), Callee(callee), Args(args) {}
> > +  CallExprAST(SourceLocation Loc, const std::string &Callee,
> > +              std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args)
> > +      : ExprAST(Loc), Callee(Callee), Args(std::move(Args)) {}
> >    std::ostream &dump(std::ostream &out, int ind) override {
> >      ExprAST::dump(out << "call " << Callee, ind);
> > -    for (ExprAST *Arg : Args)
> > +    for (const auto &Arg : Args)
> >        Arg->dump(indent(out, ind + 1), ind + 1);
> >      return out;
> >    }
> > @@ -294,11 +289,11 @@
> >
> >  /// IfExprAST - Expression class for if/then/else.
> >  class IfExprAST : public ExprAST {
> > -  ExprAST *Cond, *Then, *Else;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Cond, Then, Else;
> >  public:
> > -  IfExprAST(SourceLocation Loc, ExprAST *cond, ExprAST *then, ExprAST
> *_else)
> > -      : ExprAST(Loc), Cond(cond), Then(then), Else(_else) {}
> > +  IfExprAST(SourceLocation Loc, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Cond,
> > +            std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Then, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> Else)
> > +    : ExprAST(Loc), Cond(std::move(Cond)), Then(std::move(Then)),
> Else(std::move(Else)) {}
> >    std::ostream &dump(std::ostream &out, int ind) override {
> >      ExprAST::dump(out << "if", ind);
> >      Cond->dump(indent(out, ind) << "Cond:", ind + 1);
> > @@ -312,12 +307,13 @@
> >  /// ForExprAST - Expression class for for/in.
> >  class ForExprAST : public ExprAST {
> >    std::string VarName;
> > -  ExprAST *Start, *End, *Step, *Body;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Start, End, Step, Body;
> >  public:
> > -  ForExprAST(const std::string &varname, ExprAST *start, ExprAST *end,
> > -             ExprAST *step, ExprAST *body)
> > -      : VarName(varname), Start(start), End(end), Step(step),
> Body(body) {}
> > +  ForExprAST(const std::string &VarName, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Start,
> > +             std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> End, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>
> Step,
> > +             std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +      : VarName(VarName), Start(std::move(Start)), End(std::move(End)),
> > +        Step(std::move(Step)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >    std::ostream &dump(std::ostream &out, int ind) override {
> >      ExprAST::dump(out << "for", ind);
> >      Start->dump(indent(out, ind) << "Cond:", ind + 1);
> > @@ -331,14 +327,12 @@
> >
> >  /// VarExprAST - Expression class for var/in
> >  class VarExprAST : public ExprAST {
> > -  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ExprAST *> > VarNames;
> > -  ExprAST *Body;
> > -
> > +  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>>>
> VarNames;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body;
> >  public:
> > -  VarExprAST(const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ExprAST *> >
> &varnames,
> > -             ExprAST *body)
> > -      : VarNames(varnames), Body(body) {}
> > -
> > +  VarExprAST(std::vector<std::pair<std::string,
> std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>>> VarNames,
> > +             std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +      : VarNames(std::move(VarNames)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >    std::ostream &dump(std::ostream &out, int ind) override {
> >      ExprAST::dump(out << "var", ind);
> >      for (const auto &NamedVar : VarNames)
> > @@ -354,19 +348,18 @@
> >  class PrototypeAST {
> >    std::string Name;
> >    std::vector<std::string> Args;
> > -  bool isOperator;
> > +  bool IsOperator;
> >    unsigned Precedence; // Precedence if a binary op.
> >    int Line;
> > -
> >  public:
> > -  PrototypeAST(SourceLocation Loc, const std::string &name,
> > -               const std::vector<std::string> &args, bool isoperator =
> false,
> > -               unsigned prec = 0)
> > -      : Name(name), Args(args), isOperator(isoperator),
> Precedence(prec),
> > -        Line(Loc.Line) {}
> > +  PrototypeAST(SourceLocation Loc, const std::string &Name,
> > +               std::vector<std::string> Args, bool IsOperator = false,
> > +               unsigned Prec = 0)
> > +    : Name(Name), Args(std::move(Args)), IsOperator(IsOperator),
> > +      Precedence(Prec), Line(Loc.Line) {}
> >
> > -  bool isUnaryOp() const { return isOperator && Args.size() == 1; }
> > -  bool isBinaryOp() const { return isOperator && Args.size() == 2; }
> > +  bool isUnaryOp() const { return IsOperator && Args.size() == 1; }
> > +  bool isBinaryOp() const { return IsOperator && Args.size() == 2; }
> >
> >    char getOperatorName() const {
> >      assert(isUnaryOp() || isBinaryOp());
> > @@ -383,11 +376,12 @@
> >
> >  /// FunctionAST - This class represents a function definition itself.
> >  class FunctionAST {
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto;
> > -  ExprAST *Body;
> > -
> > +  std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body;
> >  public:
> > -  FunctionAST(PrototypeAST *proto, ExprAST *body) : Proto(proto),
> Body(body) {}
> > +  FunctionAST(std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> Proto,
> > +              std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Body)
> > +      : Proto(std::move(Proto)), Body(std::move(Body)) {}
> >
> >    std::ostream &dump(std::ostream &out, int ind) {
> >      indent(out, ind) << "FunctionAST\n";
> > @@ -427,25 +421,25 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  /// Error* - These are little helper functions for error handling.
> > -ExprAST *Error(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Error(const char *Str) {
> >    fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> > -PrototypeAST *ErrorP(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ErrorP(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> > -FunctionAST *ErrorF(const char *Str) {
> > +std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ErrorF(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression();
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression();
> >
> >  /// identifierexpr
> >  ///   ::= identifier
> >  ///   ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> > +  static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIdentifierExpr() {
> >    std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;
> >
> >    SourceLocation LitLoc = CurLoc;
> > @@ -453,17 +447,17 @@
> >    getNextToken(); // eat identifier.
> >
> >    if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
> > -    return new VariableExprAST(LitLoc, IdName);
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<VariableExprAST>(LitLoc, IdName);
> >
> >    // Call.
> >    getNextToken(); // eat (
> > -  std::vector<ExprAST *> Args;
> > +  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
> >    if (CurTok != ')') {
> >      while (1) {
> > -      ExprAST *Arg = ParseExpression();
> > +      auto Arg = ParseExpression();
> >        if (!Arg)
> > -        return 0;
> > -      Args.push_back(Arg);
> > +        return nullptr;
> > +      Args.push_back(std::move(Arg));
> >
> >        if (CurTok == ')')
> >          break;
> > @@ -477,22 +471,22 @@
> >    // Eat the ')'.
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  return new CallExprAST(LitLoc, IdName, Args);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<CallExprAST>(LitLoc, IdName,
> std::move(Args));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// numberexpr ::= number
> > -static ExprAST *ParseNumberExpr() {
> > -  ExprAST *Result = new NumberExprAST(NumVal);
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseNumberExpr() {
> > +  auto Result = llvm::make_unique<NumberExprAST>(NumVal);
> >    getNextToken(); // consume the number
> > -  return Result;
> > +  return std::move(Result);
> >  }
> >
> >  /// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
> > -static ExprAST *ParseParenExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseParenExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat (.
> > -  ExprAST *V = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto V = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!V)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != ')')
> >      return Error("expected ')'");
> > @@ -501,38 +495,39 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  /// ifexpr ::= 'if' expression 'then' expression 'else' expression
> > -static ExprAST *ParseIfExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIfExpr() {
> >    SourceLocation IfLoc = CurLoc;
> >
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the if.
> >
> >    // condition.
> > -  ExprAST *Cond = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto Cond = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!Cond)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_then)
> >      return Error("expected then");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the then
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Then = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Then == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Then = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Then)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_else)
> >      return Error("expected else");
> >
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Else = ParseExpression();
> > +  auto Else = ParseExpression();
> >    if (!Else)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return new IfExprAST(IfLoc, Cond, Then, Else);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<IfExprAST>(IfLoc, std::move(Cond),
> std::move(Then),
> > +                                      std::move(Else));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// forexpr ::= 'for' identifier '=' expr ',' expr (',' expr)? 'in'
> expression
> > -static ExprAST *ParseForExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseForExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the for.
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> > @@ -545,43 +540,44 @@
> >      return Error("expected '=' after for");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat '='.
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Start = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Start == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Start = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Start)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >    if (CurTok != ',')
> >      return Error("expected ',' after for start value");
> >    getNextToken();
> >
> > -  ExprAST *End = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (End == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto End = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!End)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // The step value is optional.
> > -  ExprAST *Step = 0;
> > +  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Step;
> >    if (CurTok == ',') {
> >      getNextToken();
> >      Step = ParseExpression();
> > -    if (Step == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!Step)
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    }
> >
> >    if (CurTok != tok_in)
> >      return Error("expected 'in' after for");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat 'in'.
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Body = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Body == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Body = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Body)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return new ForExprAST(IdName, Start, End, Step, Body);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<ForExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Start),
> std::move(End),
> > +                                       std::move(Step),
> std::move(Body));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// varexpr ::= 'var' identifier ('=' expression)?
> >  //                    (',' identifier ('=' expression)?)* 'in'
> expression
> > -static ExprAST *ParseVarExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseVarExpr() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat the var.
> >
> > -  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ExprAST *> > VarNames;
> > +  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>>>
> VarNames;
> >
> >    // At least one variable name is required.
> >    if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
> > @@ -592,16 +588,16 @@
> >      getNextToken(); // eat identifier.
> >
> >      // Read the optional initializer.
> > -    ExprAST *Init = 0;
> > +    std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Init = nullptr;
> >      if (CurTok == '=') {
> >        getNextToken(); // eat the '='.
> >
> >        Init = ParseExpression();
> > -      if (Init == 0)
> > -        return 0;
> > +      if (!Init)
> > +        return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> > -    VarNames.push_back(std::make_pair(Name, Init));
> > +    VarNames.push_back(std::make_pair(Name, std::move(Init)));
> >
> >      // End of var list, exit loop.
> >      if (CurTok != ',')
> > @@ -617,11 +613,11 @@
> >      return Error("expected 'in' keyword after 'var'");
> >    getNextToken(); // eat 'in'.
> >
> > -  ExprAST *Body = ParseExpression();
> > -  if (Body == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Body = ParseExpression();
> > +  if (!Body)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return new VarExprAST(VarNames, Body);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<VarExprAST>(std::move(VarNames),
> std::move(Body));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// primary
> > @@ -631,7 +627,7 @@
> >  ///   ::= ifexpr
> >  ///   ::= forexpr
> >  ///   ::= varexpr
> > -static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParsePrimary() {
> >    switch (CurTok) {
> >    default:
> >      return Error("unknown token when expecting an expression");
> > @@ -653,7 +649,7 @@
> >  /// unary
> >  ///   ::= primary
> >  ///   ::= '!' unary
> > -static ExprAST *ParseUnary() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseUnary() {
> >    // If the current token is not an operator, it must be a primary expr.
> >    if (!isascii(CurTok) || CurTok == '(' || CurTok == ',')
> >      return ParsePrimary();
> > @@ -661,14 +657,14 @@
> >    // If this is a unary operator, read it.
> >    int Opc = CurTok;
> >    getNextToken();
> > -  if (ExprAST *Operand = ParseUnary())
> > -    return new UnaryExprAST(Opc, Operand);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  if (auto Operand = ParseUnary())
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<UnaryExprAST>(Opc, std::move(Operand));
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// binoprhs
> >  ///   ::= ('+' unary)*
> > -static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec,
> std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS) {
> >    // If this is a binop, find its precedence.
> >    while (1) {
> >      int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> > @@ -684,40 +680,41 @@
> >      getNextToken(); // eat binop
> >
> >      // Parse the unary expression after the binary operator.
> > -    ExprAST *RHS = ParseUnary();
> > +    auto RHS = ParseUnary();
> >      if (!RHS)
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >
> >      // If BinOp binds less tightly with RHS than the operator after
> RHS, let
> >      // the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
> >      int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
> >      if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
> > -      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec + 1, RHS);
> > -      if (RHS == 0)
> > -        return 0;
> > +      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec + 1, std::move(RHS));
> > +      if (!RHS)
> > +        return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // Merge LHS/RHS.
> > -    LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinLoc, BinOp, LHS, RHS);
> > +    LHS = llvm::make_unique<BinaryExprAST>(BinLoc, BinOp,
> std::move(LHS),
> > +                                           std::move(RHS));
> >    }
> >  }
> >
> >  /// expression
> >  ///   ::= unary binoprhs
> >  ///
> > -static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
> > -  ExprAST *LHS = ParseUnary();
> > +static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression() {
> > +  auto LHS = ParseUnary();
> >    if (!LHS)
> > -    return 0;
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
> > +  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, std::move(LHS));
> >  }
> >
> >  /// prototype
> >  ///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
> >  ///   ::= binary LETTER number? (id, id)
> >  ///   ::= unary LETTER (id)
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParsePrototype() {
> >    std::string FnName;
> >
> >    SourceLocation FnLoc = CurLoc;
> > @@ -777,35 +774,36 @@
> >    if (Kind && ArgNames.size() != Kind)
> >      return ErrorP("Invalid number of operands for operator");
> >
> > -  return new PrototypeAST(FnLoc, FnName, ArgNames, Kind != 0,
> BinaryPrecedence);
> > +  return llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>(FnLoc, FnName, ArgNames, Kind
> != 0,
> > +                                         BinaryPrecedence);
> >  }
> >
> >  /// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseDefinition() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseDefinition() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat def.
> > -  PrototypeAST *Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > -  if (Proto == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  auto Proto = ParsePrototype();
> > +  if (!Proto)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression())
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression())
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// toplevelexpr ::= expression
> > -static FunctionAST *ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseTopLevelExpr() {
> >    SourceLocation FnLoc = CurLoc;
> > -  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression()) {
> > +  if (auto E = ParseExpression()) {
> >      // Make an anonymous proto.
> > -    PrototypeAST *Proto =
> > -        new PrototypeAST(FnLoc, "main", std::vector<std::string>());
> > -    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
> > +    auto Proto =
> > +      llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>(FnLoc, "main",
> std::vector<std::string>());
> > +    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto),
> std::move(E));
> >    }
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// external ::= 'extern' prototype
> > -static PrototypeAST *ParseExtern() {
> > +static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParseExtern() {
> >    getNextToken(); // eat extern.
> >    return ParsePrototype();
> >  }
> > @@ -860,7 +858,7 @@
> >
> >  Value *ErrorV(const char *Str) {
> >    Error(Str);
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >  /// CreateEntryBlockAlloca - Create an alloca instruction in the entry
> block of
> > @@ -881,7 +879,7 @@
> >  Value *VariableExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    // Look this variable up in the function.
> >    Value *V = NamedValues[Name];
> > -  if (V == 0)
> > +  if (!V)
> >      return ErrorV("Unknown variable name");
> >
> >    KSDbgInfo.emitLocation(this);
> > @@ -891,11 +889,11 @@
> >
> >  Value *UnaryExprAST::Codegen() {
> >    Value *OperandV = Operand->Codegen();
> > -  if (OperandV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!OperandV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    Function *F = TheModule->getFunction(std::string("unary") + Opcode);
> > -  if (F == 0)
> > +  if (!F)
> >      return ErrorV("Unknown unary operator");
> >
> >    KSDbgInfo.emitLocation(this);
> > @@ -911,17 +909,17 @@
> >      // This assume we're building without RTTI because LLVM builds that
> way by
> >      // default.  If you build LLVM with RTTI this can be changed to a
> >      // dynamic_cast for automatic error checking.
> > -    VariableExprAST *LHSE = static_cast<VariableExprAST *>(LHS);
> > +    VariableExprAST *LHSE = static_cast<VariableExprAST*>(LHS.get());
> >      if (!LHSE)
> >        return ErrorV("destination of '=' must be a variable");
> >      // Codegen the RHS.
> >      Value *Val = RHS->Codegen();
> > -    if (Val == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!Val)
> > +      return nullptr;
> >
> >      // Look up the name.
> >      Value *Variable = NamedValues[LHSE->getName()];
> > -    if (Variable == 0)
> > +    if (!Variable)
> >        return ErrorV("Unknown variable name");
> >
> >      Builder.CreateStore(Val, Variable);
> > @@ -930,8 +928,8 @@
> >
> >    Value *L = LHS->Codegen();
> >    Value *R = RHS->Codegen();
> > -  if (L == 0 || R == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!L || !R)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    switch (Op) {
> >    case '+':
> > @@ -963,7 +961,7 @@
> >
> >    // Look up the name in the global module table.
> >    Function *CalleeF = TheModule->getFunction(Callee);
> > -  if (CalleeF == 0)
> > +  if (!CalleeF)
> >      return ErrorV("Unknown function referenced");
> >
> >    // If argument mismatch error.
> > @@ -973,8 +971,8 @@
> >    std::vector<Value *> ArgsV;
> >    for (unsigned i = 0, e = Args.size(); i != e; ++i) {
> >      ArgsV.push_back(Args[i]->Codegen());
> > -    if (ArgsV.back() == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!ArgsV.back())
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    }
> >
> >    return Builder.CreateCall(CalleeF, ArgsV, "calltmp");
> > @@ -984,8 +982,8 @@
> >    KSDbgInfo.emitLocation(this);
> >
> >    Value *CondV = Cond->Codegen();
> > -  if (CondV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!CondV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Convert condition to a bool by comparing equal to 0.0.
> >    CondV = Builder.CreateFCmpONE(
> > @@ -1006,8 +1004,8 @@
> >    Builder.SetInsertPoint(ThenBB);
> >
> >    Value *ThenV = Then->Codegen();
> > -  if (ThenV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!ThenV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    Builder.CreateBr(MergeBB);
> >    // Codegen of 'Then' can change the current block, update ThenBB for
> the PHI.
> > @@ -1018,8 +1016,8 @@
> >    Builder.SetInsertPoint(ElseBB);
> >
> >    Value *ElseV = Else->Codegen();
> > -  if (ElseV == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!ElseV)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    Builder.CreateBr(MergeBB);
> >    // Codegen of 'Else' can change the current block, update ElseBB for
> the PHI.
> > @@ -1066,8 +1064,8 @@
> >
> >    // Emit the start code first, without 'variable' in scope.
> >    Value *StartVal = Start->Codegen();
> > -  if (StartVal == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!StartVal)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Store the value into the alloca.
> >    Builder.CreateStore(StartVal, Alloca);
> > @@ -1091,15 +1089,15 @@
> >    // Emit the body of the loop.  This, like any other expr, can change
> the
> >    // current BB.  Note that we ignore the value computed by the body,
> but don't
> >    // allow an error.
> > -  if (Body->Codegen() == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!Body->Codegen())
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Emit the step value.
> >    Value *StepVal;
> >    if (Step) {
> >      StepVal = Step->Codegen();
> > -    if (StepVal == 0)
> > -      return 0;
> > +    if (!StepVal)
> > +      return nullptr;
> >    } else {
> >      // If not specified, use 1.0.
> >      StepVal = ConstantFP::get(getGlobalContext(), APFloat(1.0));
> > @@ -1107,7 +1105,7 @@
> >
> >    // Compute the end condition.
> >    Value *EndCond = End->Codegen();
> > -  if (EndCond == 0)
> > +  if (!EndCond)
> >      return EndCond;
> >
> >    // Reload, increment, and restore the alloca.  This handles the case
> where
> > @@ -1148,7 +1146,7 @@
> >    // Register all variables and emit their initializer.
> >    for (unsigned i = 0, e = VarNames.size(); i != e; ++i) {
> >      const std::string &VarName = VarNames[i].first;
> > -    ExprAST *Init = VarNames[i].second;
> > +    ExprAST *Init = VarNames[i].second.get();
> >
> >      // Emit the initializer before adding the variable to scope, this
> prevents
> >      // the initializer from referencing the variable itself, and
> permits stuff
> > @@ -1158,8 +1156,8 @@
> >      Value *InitVal;
> >      if (Init) {
> >        InitVal = Init->Codegen();
> > -      if (InitVal == 0)
> > -        return 0;
> > +      if (!InitVal)
> > +        return nullptr;
> >      } else { // If not specified, use 0.0.
> >        InitVal = ConstantFP::get(getGlobalContext(), APFloat(0.0));
> >      }
> > @@ -1179,8 +1177,8 @@
> >
> >    // Codegen the body, now that all vars are in scope.
> >    Value *BodyVal = Body->Codegen();
> > -  if (BodyVal == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!BodyVal)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Pop all our variables from scope.
> >    for (unsigned i = 0, e = VarNames.size(); i != e; ++i)
> > @@ -1210,13 +1208,13 @@
> >      // If F already has a body, reject this.
> >      if (!F->empty()) {
> >        ErrorF("redefinition of function");
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >
> >      // If F took a different number of args, reject.
> >      if (F->arg_size() != Args.size()) {
> >        ErrorF("redefinition of function with different # args");
> > -      return 0;
> > +      return nullptr;
> >      }
> >    }
> >
> > @@ -1272,11 +1270,11 @@
> >    NamedValues.clear();
> >
> >    Function *TheFunction = Proto->Codegen();
> > -  if (TheFunction == 0)
> > -    return 0;
> > +  if (!TheFunction)
> > +    return nullptr;
> >
> >    // Push the current scope.
> > -  KSDbgInfo.LexicalBlocks.push_back(KSDbgInfo.FnScopeMap[Proto]);
> > +  KSDbgInfo.LexicalBlocks.push_back(KSDbgInfo.FnScopeMap[Proto.get()]);
> >
> >    // Unset the location for the prologue emission (leading instructions
> with no
> >    // location in a function are considered part of the prologue and the
> debugger
> > @@ -1294,7 +1292,7 @@
> >    // Add all arguments to the symbol table and create their allocas.
> >    Proto->CreateArgumentAllocas(TheFunction);
> >
> > -  KSDbgInfo.emitLocation(Body);
> > +  KSDbgInfo.emitLocation(Body.get());
> >
> >    if (Value *RetVal = Body->Codegen()) {
> >      // Finish off the function.
> > @@ -1322,7 +1320,7 @@
> >    // unconditionally.
> >    KSDbgInfo.LexicalBlocks.pop_back();
> >
> > -  return 0;
> > +  return nullptr;
> >  }
> >
> >
> //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> > @@ -1332,8 +1330,8 @@
> >  static ExecutionEngine *TheExecutionEngine;
> >
> >  static void HandleDefinition() {
> > -  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseDefinition()) {
> > -    if (!F->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto FnAST = ParseDefinition()) {
> > +    if (!FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Error reading function definition:");
> >      }
> >    } else {
> > @@ -1343,8 +1341,8 @@
> >  }
> >
> >  static void HandleExtern() {
> > -  if (PrototypeAST *P = ParseExtern()) {
> > -    if (!P->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto ProtoAST = ParseExtern()) {
> > +    if (!ProtoAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Error reading extern");
> >      }
> >    } else {
> > @@ -1355,8 +1353,8 @@
> >
> >  static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
> >    // Evaluate a top-level expression into an anonymous function.
> > -  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > -    if (!F->Codegen()) {
> > +  if (auto FnAST = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
> > +    if (!FnAST->Codegen()) {
> >        fprintf(stderr, "Error generating code for top level expr");
> >      }
> >    } else {
> > _______________________________________________
> > llvm-commits mailing list
> > llvm-commits at lists.llvm.org
> > http://lists.llvm.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/llvm-commits
>
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