Automatic PGO - Initial implementation (1/N)
Kostya Serebryany
kcc at google.com
Wed Sep 25 09:25:47 PDT 2013
On Wed, Sep 25, 2013 at 8:18 PM, Eric Christopher <echristo at gmail.com>wrote:
> On Wed, Sep 25, 2013 at 9:11 AM, Evan Cheng <evan.cheng at apple.com> wrote:
> > Hi Diego,
> >
> > I am curious. Why is this called automatic PGO? Why is it automatic?
>
> Because it doesn't require instrumentation. :)
>
> Better names welcome. Maybe "sample pgo"? *shrug* Auto just sounds cooler.
>
pmu-pgo?
>
> -eric
>
> >
> > Also, why is the auto-profile part done as a scalar transformation pass?
> Did you consider alternatives?
> >
> > Thanks,
> >
> > Evan
> >
> > Sent from my iPad
> >
> >> On Sep 24, 2013, at 7:07 AM, Diego Novillo <dnovillo at google.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> This adds two options: -auto-profile and -auto-profile-file. The new
> >> option causes the compiler to read a profile file and emit IR
> >> metadata reflecting that profile.
> >>
> >> The profile file is assumed to have been generated by an external
> >> profile source. The profile information is converted into IR metadata,
> >> which is later used by the analysis routines to estimate block
> >> frequencies, edge weights and other related data.
> >>
> >> External profile information files have no fixed format, each profiler
> >> is free to define its own. This includes both the on-disk representation
> >> of the profile and the kind of profile information stored in the file.
> >> A common kind of profile is based on sampling (e.g., perf), which
> >> essentially counts how many times each line of the program has been
> >> executed during the run.
> >>
> >> The only requirements is that each profiler must provide a way to
> >> load its own profile format into internal data structures and
> >> then a method to convert that data into IR annotations.
> >>
> >> The AutoProfile pass is organized as a scalar transformation. On
> >> startup, it reads the file given in -auto-profile-file to determine what
> >> kind of profile it contains. This file is assumed to contain profile
> >> information for the whole application. The profile data in the file is
> >> read and incorporated into the internal state of the corresponding
> >> profiler.
> >>
> >> To facilitate testing, I've organized the profilers to support two file
> >> formats: text and native. The native format is whatever on-disk
> >> representation the profiler wants to support, I think this will mostly
> >> be bitcode files, but it could be anything the profiler wants to
> >> support. To do this, every profiler must implement the
> >> AutoProfiler::loadNative() function.
> >>
> >> The text format is mostly meant for debugging. Records are separated by
> >> newlines, but each profiler is free to interpret records as it sees fit.
> >> Profilers must implement the AutoProfiler::loadText() function.
> >>
> >> Finally, the pass will call AutoProfiler::emitAnnotations() for each
> >> function in the current translation unit. This function needs to
> >> translate the loaded profile into IR metadata, which the analyzer will
> >> later be able to use.
> >>
> >> This patch implements the first steps towards the above design. I've
> >> implemented a sample-based flat profiler. The format of the profile is
> >> fairly simplistic. Each sampled function contains a list of relative
> >> line locations (from the start of the function) together with a count
> >> representing how many samples were collected at that line during
> >> execution. I generate this profile using perf and a separate converter
> >> tool.
> >>
> >> Currently, I have only implemented a text format for these profiles. I
> >> am interested in initial feedback to the whole approach before I send
> >> the other parts of the implementation for review.
> >>
> >> This patch implements:
> >>
> >> - The AutoProfile pass.
> >> - The base AutoProfiler class with the core interface.
> >> - A SampleBasedProfiler using the above interface. The profiler
> >> generates metadata autoprofile.samples on every IR instruction that
> >> matches the profiles.
> >> - A text loader class to assist the implementation of
> >> AutoProfiler::loadText().
> >>
> >> Caveats and questions:
> >>
> >> 1- I am almost certainly using the wrong APIs or using the right
> >> APIs in unorthodox ways. Please point me to better
> >> alternatives.
> >>
> >> 2- I was surprised to learn that line number information is not
> >> transferred into the IR unless we are emitting debug
> >> information. For sample-based profiling, I'm going to need
> >> line number information generated by the front-end
> >> independently of debug info. Eric, is that possible?
> >>
> >> 3- I have not included in this patch changes to the analyzer. I
> >> want to keep it focused to the profile loading and IR
> >> annotation. In the analyzer, we will have propagation of
> >> attributes and other fixes (e.g., from the samples it is
> >> possible to have instructions on the same basic block
> >> registered with differing number of samples). I also have not
> >> included changes to code motion to get rid of the autoprofile
> >> information.
> >>
> >> 4- I need to add test cases.
> >>
> >> Mainly, I'm interested in making sure that this direction is
> >> generally useful. I haven't given a lot of thought to other types
> >> of profiling, but I'm certain any kind of tracing or other
> >> execution frequency profiles can be adapted. Things like value
> >> profiling may be a bit more involved, but mostly because I'm not
> >> sure how the type and symbols are tracked in LLVM.
> >>
> >> Thanks. Diego.
> >> ---
> >> include/llvm/InitializePasses.h | 1 +
> >> include/llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h | 6 +
> >> lib/Transforms/Scalar/AutoProfile.cpp | 363
> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >> lib/Transforms/Scalar/CMakeLists.txt | 1 +
> >> lib/Transforms/Scalar/Scalar.cpp | 1 +
> >> 5 files changed, 372 insertions(+)
> >> create mode 100644 lib/Transforms/Scalar/AutoProfile.cpp
> >>
> >> diff --git a/include/llvm/InitializePasses.h
> b/include/llvm/InitializePasses.h
> >> index 1b50bb2..c922228 100644
> >> --- a/include/llvm/InitializePasses.h
> >> +++ b/include/llvm/InitializePasses.h
> >> @@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ void initializeAliasDebuggerPass(PassRegistry&);
> >> void initializeAliasSetPrinterPass(PassRegistry&);
> >> void initializeAlwaysInlinerPass(PassRegistry&);
> >> void initializeArgPromotionPass(PassRegistry&);
> >> +void initializeAutoProfilePass(PassRegistry&);
> >> void initializeBarrierNoopPass(PassRegistry&);
> >> void initializeBasicAliasAnalysisPass(PassRegistry&);
> >> void initializeBasicCallGraphPass(PassRegistry&);
> >> diff --git a/include/llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h
> b/include/llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h
> >> index 51aeba4..9ee5b49 100644
> >> --- a/include/llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h
> >> +++ b/include/llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h
> >> @@ -354,6 +354,12 @@ FunctionPass *createLowerExpectIntrinsicPass();
> >> //
> >> FunctionPass *createPartiallyInlineLibCallsPass();
> >>
> >>
> +//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> >> +//
> >> +// AutoProfilePass - Loads profile data from disk and generates
> >> +// IR metadata to reflect the profile.
> >> +FunctionPass *createAutoProfilePass();
> >> +
> >> } // End llvm namespace
> >>
> >> #endif
> >> diff --git a/lib/Transforms/Scalar/AutoProfile.cpp
> b/lib/Transforms/Scalar/AutoProfile.cpp
> >> new file mode 100644
> >> index 0000000..7a63409
> >> --- /dev/null
> >> +++ b/lib/Transforms/Scalar/AutoProfile.cpp
> >> @@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
> >> +//===- AutoProfile.cpp - Incorporate an external profile into the IR
> ------===//
> >> +//
> >> +// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
> >> +//
> >> +// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open
> Source
> >> +// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
> >> +//
> >>
> +//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> >> +//
> >> +// This file implements the Auto Profile transformation. This pass
> reads a
> >> +// profile file generated by an external profiling source and
> generates IR
> >> +// metadata to reflect the profile information in the given profile.
> >> +//
> >> +// TODO(dnovillo) Add more.
> >> +//
> >>
> +//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> >> +
> >> +#define DEBUG_TYPE "auto-profile"
> >> +
> >> +#include <cstdlib>
> >> +
> >> +#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/ADT/OwningPtr.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/ADT/StringMap.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DIContext.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/IR/Metadata.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/Pass.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/Support/InstIterator.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/Support/MemoryBuffer.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/Support/Regex.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
> >> +#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
> >> +
> >> +using namespace llvm;
> >> +
> >> +// command line option for loading path profiles
> >> +static cl::opt<std::string> AutoProfileFilename(
> >> + "auto-profile-file", cl::init("autoprof.llvm"),
> cl::value_desc("filename"),
> >> + cl::desc("Profile file loaded by -auto-profile"), cl::Hidden);
> >> +
> >> +namespace {
> >> +
> >> +// Base profiler abstract class. This defines the abstract interface
> >> +// that every profiler should respond to.
> >> +//
> >> +// TODO(dnovillo) - Eventually this class ought to move to a separate
> file.
> >> +// There will be several types of profile loaders. Having them all
> together in
> >> +// this file will get pretty messy.
> >> +class AutoProfiler {
> >> +public:
> >> + AutoProfiler(std::string filename) : filename_(filename) {}
> >> + ~AutoProfiler() {}
> >> +
> >> + // Load the profile from a file in the native format of this profile.
> >> + virtual bool loadNative() = 0;
> >> +
> >> + // Load the profile from a text file.
> >> + virtual bool loadText() = 0;
> >> +
> >> + // Dump this profile on stderr.
> >> + virtual void dump() = 0;
> >> +
> >> + // Modify the IR with annotations corresponding to the loaded
> profile.
> >> + virtual bool emitAnnotations(Function &F) = 0;
> >> +
> >> + // Instantiate an auto-profiler object based on the detected format
> of the
> >> + // give file name. Set *is_text to true, if the file is in text
> format.
> >> + static AutoProfiler *
> >> + instantiateProfiler(const std::string filename, bool *is_text);
> >> +
> >> +protected:
> >> + // Path name to the file holding the profile data.
> >> + std::string filename_;
> >> +};
> >> +
> >> +
> >> +// Sample-based profiler. These profiles contain execution frequency
> >> +// information on the function bodies of the program.
> >> +class AutoProfileSampleBased : public AutoProfiler {
> >> +public:
> >> + AutoProfileSampleBased(std::string filename)
> >> + : AutoProfiler(filename), profiles_(0) {}
> >> +
> >> + // Metadata kind for autoprofile.samples.
> >> + static unsigned AutoProfileSamplesMDKind;
> >> +
> >> + virtual void dump();
> >> + virtual bool loadText();
> >> + virtual bool loadNative() { llvm_unreachable("not implemented"); }
> >> + virtual bool emitAnnotations(Function &F);
> >> +
> >> + void dumpFunctionProfile(StringRef fn_name);
> >> +
> >> +protected:
> >> + typedef DenseMap<uint32_t, uint32_t> BodySampleMap;
> >> +
> >> + struct FunctionProfile {
> >> + // Total number of samples collected inside this function. Samples
> >> + // are cumulative, they include all the samples collected inside
> >> + // this function and all its inlined callees.
> >> + unsigned TotalSamples;
> >> +
> >> + // Total number of samples collected at the head of the function.
> >> + unsigned TotalHeadSamples;
> >> +
> >> + // Map <line offset, samples> of line offset to samples collected
> >> + // inside the function. Each entry in this map contains the number
> >> + // of samples collected at the corresponding line offset. All line
> >> + // locations are an offset from the start of the function.
> >> + BodySampleMap BodySamples;
> >> + };
> >> +
> >> + typedef StringMap<FunctionProfile> FunctionProfileMap;
> >> +
> >> + FunctionProfileMap profiles_;
> >> +};
> >> +
> >> +// Loader class for text-based profiles. These are mostly useful to
> >> +// generate unit tests and not much else.
> >> +class AutoProfileTextLoader {
> >> +public:
> >> + AutoProfileTextLoader(std::string filename) : filename_(filename) {
> >> + error_code ec;
> >> + ec = MemoryBuffer::getFile(filename_, buffer_);
> >> + if (ec)
> >> + report_fatal_error("Could not open profile file " + filename_ +
> ": " +
> >> + ec.message());
> >> + fp_ = buffer_->getBufferStart();
> >> + linenum_ = 0;
> >> + }
> >> +
> >> + // Read a line from the mapped file. Update the current line and
> file pointer.
> >> + StringRef readLine() {
> >> + size_t length = 0;
> >> + const char *start = fp_;
> >> + while (fp_ != buffer_->getBufferEnd() && *fp_ != '\n') {
> >> + length++;
> >> + fp_++;
> >> + }
> >> + if (fp_ != buffer_->getBufferEnd())
> >> + fp_++;
> >> + linenum_++;
> >> + return StringRef(start, length);
> >> + }
> >> +
> >> + // Return true, if we've reached EOF.
> >> + bool atEOF() const {
> >> + return fp_ == buffer_->getBufferEnd();
> >> + }
> >> +
> >> + void reportParseError(std::string msg) const {
> >> + // TODO(dnovillo) - This is almost certainly the wrong way to emit
> >> + // diagnostics and exit the compiler.
> >> + errs() << filename_ << ":" << linenum_ << ": " << msg << "\n";
> >> + exit(1);
> >> + }
> >> +
> >> +private:
> >> + OwningPtr<MemoryBuffer> buffer_;
> >> + const char *fp_;
> >> + size_t linenum_;
> >> + std::string filename_;
> >> +};
> >> +
> >> +// Auto profile pass. This pass reads profile data from the file
> specified
> >> +// by -auto-profile-file and annotates every affected function with the
> >> +// profile information found in that file.
> >> +class AutoProfile : public FunctionPass {
> >> +public:
> >> + // Class identification, replacement for typeinfo
> >> + static char ID;
> >> +
> >> + AutoProfile() : FunctionPass(ID), profiler_(0) {
> >> + initializeAutoProfilePass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
> >> + }
> >> +
> >> + virtual bool doInitialization(Module &M);
> >> +
> >> + ~AutoProfile() { delete profiler_; }
> >> +
> >> + void dump() { profiler_->dump(); }
> >> +
> >> + virtual const char *getPassName() const {
> >> + return "Auto profile pass";
> >> + }
> >> +
> >> + virtual bool runOnFunction(Function &F);
> >> +
> >> + virtual void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
> >> + AU.setPreservesCFG();
> >> + }
> >> +
> >> + bool loadProfile();
> >> +
> >> +protected:
> >> + AutoProfiler *profiler_;
> >> +};
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +// Dump the sample profile for the given function.
> >> +void AutoProfileSampleBased::dumpFunctionProfile(StringRef fn_name) {
> >> + FunctionProfile fn_profile = profiles_[fn_name];
> >> + errs() << "Function: " << fn_name << ", " << fn_profile.TotalSamples
> << ", "
> >> + << fn_profile.TotalHeadSamples << ", " <<
> fn_profile.BodySamples.size()
> >> + << " sampled lines\n";
> >> + for (BodySampleMap::const_iterator si =
> fn_profile.BodySamples.begin();
> >> + si != fn_profile.BodySamples.end(); si++)
> >> + errs() << "\tline offset: " << si->first
> >> + << ", number of samples: " << si->second << "\n";
> >> + errs() << "\n";
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +// Dump all the collected function profiles.
> >> +void AutoProfileSampleBased::dump() {
> >> + FunctionProfileMap::const_iterator it;
> >> + for (it = profiles_.begin(); it != profiles_.end(); it++)
> >> + dumpFunctionProfile(it->getKey());
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +// Load a sample profile from a text file.
> >> +bool AutoProfileSampleBased::loadText() {
> >> + AutoProfileTextLoader loader(filename_);
> >> +
> >> + // Read the symbol table.
> >> + std::string line = loader.readLine().str();
> >> + if (line != "symbol table")
> >> + loader.reportParseError("Expected 'symbol table', found " + line);
> >> + Regex num("[0-9]+");
> >> + line = loader.readLine().str();
> >> + if (!num.match(line))
> >> + loader.reportParseError("Expected a number, found " + line);
> >> + int num_symbols = atoi(line.c_str());
> >> + for (int i = 0; i < num_symbols; i++) {
> >> + StringRef fn_name = loader.readLine();
> >> + FunctionProfile &fn_profile = profiles_[fn_name];
> >> + fn_profile.BodySamples.clear();
> >> + fn_profile.TotalSamples = 0;
> >> + fn_profile.TotalHeadSamples = 0;
> >> + }
> >> +
> >> + // Read the profile of each function. Since each function may be
> >> + // mentioned more than once, and we are collecting flat profiles,
> >> + // accumulate samples as we parse them.
> >> + while (!loader.atEOF()) {
> >> + SmallVector<StringRef, 4> matches;
> >> + Regex head_re("^([^:]+):([0-9]+):([0-9]+):([0-9]+)$");
> >> + line = loader.readLine().str();
> >> + if (!head_re.match(line, &matches))
> >> + loader.reportParseError("Expected 'mangled_name:NUM:NUM:NUM',
> found " +
> >> + line);
> >> + assert(matches.size() == 5);
> >> + StringRef fn_name = matches[1];
> >> + unsigned num_samples = atoi(matches[2].str().c_str());
> >> + unsigned num_head_samples = atoi(matches[3].str().c_str());
> >> + unsigned num_sampled_lines = atoi(matches[4].str().c_str());
> >> + FunctionProfile &fn_profile = profiles_[fn_name];
> >> + fn_profile.TotalSamples += num_samples;
> >> + fn_profile.TotalHeadSamples += num_head_samples;
> >> + BodySampleMap &sample_map = fn_profile.BodySamples;
> >> + unsigned i;
> >> + for (i = 0; i < num_sampled_lines && !loader.atEOF(); i++) {
> >> + Regex line_sample("^([0-9]+): ([0-9]+)$");
> >> + line = loader.readLine().str();
> >> + if (!line_sample.match(line, &matches))
> >> + loader.reportParseError("Expected 'NUM: NUM', found " + line);
> >> + assert(matches.size() == 3);
> >> + unsigned line_offset = atoi(matches[1].str().c_str());
> >> + unsigned num_samples = atoi(matches[2].str().c_str());
> >> + sample_map[line_offset] += num_samples;
> >> + }
> >> +
> >> + if (i < num_sampled_lines)
> >> + loader.reportParseError("Unexpected end of file");
> >> + }
> >> +
> >> + return true;
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +// Annotate function F with the contents of the profile.
> >> +bool AutoProfileSampleBased::emitAnnotations(Function &F) {
> >> + bool changed = false;
> >> + StringRef name = F.getName();
> >> + FunctionProfile &fn_profile = profiles_[name];
> >> + BodySampleMap &body_samples = fn_profile.BodySamples;
> >> + Instruction &first_inst = *(inst_begin(F));
> >> + unsigned first_line = first_inst.getDebugLoc().getLine();
> >> + LLVMContext &context = first_inst.getContext();
> >> + for (inst_iterator i = inst_begin(F); i != inst_end(F); ++i) {
> >> + Instruction &inst = *i;
> >> + const DebugLoc &dloc = inst.getDebugLoc();
> >> + unsigned loc_offset = dloc.getLine() - first_line + 1;
> >> + if (body_samples.find(loc_offset) != body_samples.end()) {
> >> + SmallVector<Value *, 1> sample_values;
> >> +
> sample_values.push_back(ConstantInt::get(Type::getInt32Ty(context),
> >> +
> body_samples[loc_offset]));
> >> + MDNode *md = MDNode::get(context, sample_values);
> >> + inst.setMetadata(AutoProfileSamplesMDKind, md);
> >> + changed = true;
> >> + }
> >> + }
> >> +
> >> + DEBUG(if (changed) {
> >> + dbgs() << "\n\nInstructions changed in " << name << "\n";
> >> + for (inst_iterator i = inst_begin(F); i != inst_end(F);
> ++i) {
> >> + Instruction &inst = *i;
> >> + MDNode *md =
> inst.getMetadata(AutoProfileSamplesMDKind);
> >> + if (md) {
> >> + assert(md->getNumOperands() == 1);
> >> + ConstantInt *val =
> dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(md->getOperand(0));
> >> + dbgs() << inst << " (" <<
> val->getValue().getZExtValue()
> >> + << " samples)\n";
> >> + }
> >> + }
> >> + });
> >> +
> >> + return changed;
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +AutoProfiler *AutoProfiler::instantiateProfiler(const std::string
> filename,
> >> + bool *is_text) {
> >> + // TODO(dnovillo) - Implement file type detection and return the
> appropriate
> >> + // AutoProfiler sub-class instance.
> >> + *is_text = true;
> >> + return new AutoProfileSampleBased(filename);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +unsigned AutoProfileSampleBased::AutoProfileSamplesMDKind = 0;
> >> +char AutoProfile::ID = 0;
> >> +INITIALIZE_PASS(AutoProfile, "auto-profile", "Auto Profile loader",
> false,
> >> + false)
> >> +
> >> +bool AutoProfile::runOnFunction(Function& F) {
> >> + return profiler_->emitAnnotations(F);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +bool AutoProfile::loadProfile() {
> >> + bool is_text;
> >> + profiler_ =
> >> + AutoProfiler::instantiateProfiler(AutoProfileFilename, &is_text);
> >> + if (!profiler_)
> >> + return false;
> >> +
> >> + return (is_text) ? profiler_->loadText() : profiler_->loadNative();
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +bool AutoProfile::doInitialization(Module &M) {
> >> + if (!loadProfile())
> >> + return false;
> >> + AutoProfileSampleBased::AutoProfileSamplesMDKind =
> >> + M.getContext().getMDKindID("autoprofile.samples");
> >> + return true;
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +FunctionPass *llvm::createAutoProfilePass() {
> >> + return new AutoProfile();
> >> +}
> >> diff --git a/lib/Transforms/Scalar/CMakeLists.txt
> b/lib/Transforms/Scalar/CMakeLists.txt
> >> index 3b89fd4..1093ef0 100644
> >> --- a/lib/Transforms/Scalar/CMakeLists.txt
> >> +++ b/lib/Transforms/Scalar/CMakeLists.txt
> >> @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
> >> add_llvm_library(LLVMScalarOpts
> >> ADCE.cpp
> >> + AutoProfile.cpp
> >> CodeGenPrepare.cpp
> >> ConstantProp.cpp
> >> CorrelatedValuePropagation.cpp
> >> diff --git a/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Scalar.cpp
> b/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Scalar.cpp
> >> index 0c3ffbc..542aa33 100644
> >> --- a/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Scalar.cpp
> >> +++ b/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Scalar.cpp
> >> @@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ using namespace llvm;
> >> /// ScalarOpts library.
> >> void llvm::initializeScalarOpts(PassRegistry &Registry) {
> >> initializeADCEPass(Registry);
> >> + initializeAutoProfilePass(Registry);
> >> initializeCodeGenPreparePass(Registry);
> >> initializeConstantPropagationPass(Registry);
> >> initializeCorrelatedValuePropagationPass(Registry);
> >> --
> >> 1.8.4
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> llvm-commits mailing list
> >> llvm-commits at cs.uiuc.edu
> >> http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/mailman/listinfo/llvm-commits
> > _______________________________________________
> > llvm-commits mailing list
> > llvm-commits at cs.uiuc.edu
> > http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/mailman/listinfo/llvm-commits
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