<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8">
    <tr>
        <th>Issue</th>
        <td>
            <a href=https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/113078>113078</a>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <th>Summary</th>
        <td>
            [clang++] Crash due to backend error "Instruction does not dominate all uses!"
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <th>Labels</th>
      <td>
            clang
      </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <th>Assignees</th>
      <td>
      </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <th>Reporter</th>
      <td>
          yype
      </td>
    </tr>
</table>

<pre>
    Hello there, the following invalid test case crashes clang++ by triggering a backend error:

```cpp
int a() { float b[({ goto c; 0; }) + ({ ({ ({ c: 0; }); }); })]; }
```

Tested versions: clang 10 ~ trunk (assertions)

Example: https://godbolt.org/z/MThfoGr99

Stack dump:

```
Instruction does not dominate all uses!
  %1 = load i32, ptr %tmp, align 4, !dbg !18
  %add = add nsw i32 %1, %4, !dbg !30
fatal error: error in backend: Broken module found, compilation aborted!
PLEASE submit a bug report to https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/ and include the crash backtrace, preprocessed source, and associated run script.
Stack dump:
0.      Program arguments: /opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang++ -gdwarf-4 -g -o /app/output.s -mllvm --x86-asm-syntax=intel -fno-verbose-asm -S --gcc-toolchain=/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-14.2.0 -fcolor-diagnostics -fno-crash-diagnostics <source>
1.      <eof> parser at end of file
2.      Optimizer
3.      Running pass "verify" on module "<source>"
 #0 0x0000000003ae9978 llvm::sys::PrintStackTrace(llvm::raw_ostream&, int) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x3ae9978)
 #1 0x0000000003ae766c llvm::sys::CleanupOnSignal(unsigned long) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x3ae766c)
 #2 0x0000000003a30e66 llvm::CrashRecoveryContext::HandleExit(int) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x3a30e66)
 #3 0x0000000003ade6ee llvm::sys::Process::Exit(int, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x3ade6ee)
 #4 0x0000000000c8073a LLVMErrorHandler(void*, char const*, bool) cc1_main.cpp:0:0
 #5 0x0000000003a3bee3 llvm::report_fatal_error(llvm::Twine const&, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x3a3bee3)
 #6 0x0000000003a3c048 (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x3a3c048)
 #7 0x00000000034e4973 (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x34e4973)
 #8 0x0000000003d7fffe llvm::detail::PassModel<llvm::Module, llvm::VerifierPass, llvm::AnalysisManager<llvm::Module>>::run(llvm::Module&, llvm::AnalysisManager<llvm::Module>&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x3d7fffe)
 #9 0x00000000034b2f60 llvm::PassManager<llvm::Module, llvm::AnalysisManager<llvm::Module>>::run(llvm::Module&, llvm::AnalysisManager<llvm::Module>&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x34b2f60)
#10 0x0000000003d90774 (anonymous namespace)::EmitAssemblyHelper::RunOptimizationPipeline(clang::BackendAction, std::unique_ptr<llvm::raw_pwrite_stream, std::default_delete<llvm::raw_pwrite_stream>>&, std::unique_ptr<llvm::ToolOutputFile, std::default_delete<llvm::ToolOutputFile>>&, clang::BackendConsumer*) BackendUtil.cpp:0:0
#11 0x0000000003d93f15 (anonymous namespace)::EmitAssemblyHelper::EmitAssembly(clang::BackendAction, std::unique_ptr<llvm::raw_pwrite_stream, std::default_delete<llvm::raw_pwrite_stream>>, clang::BackendConsumer*) BackendUtil.cpp:0:0
#12 0x0000000003d948cb clang::EmitBackendOutput(clang::DiagnosticsEngine&, clang::HeaderSearchOptions const&, clang::CodeGenOptions const&, clang::TargetOptions const&, clang::LangOptions const&, llvm::StringRef, llvm::Module*, clang::BackendAction, llvm::IntrusiveRefCntPtr<llvm::vfs::FileSystem>, std::unique_ptr<llvm::raw_pwrite_stream, std::default_delete<llvm::raw_pwrite_stream>>, clang::BackendConsumer*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x3d948cb)
#13 0x00000000043f908e clang::BackendConsumer::HandleTranslationUnit(clang::ASTContext&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x43f908e)
#14 0x00000000064cc55c clang::ParseAST(clang::Sema&, bool, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x64cc55c)
#15 0x00000000043f9448 clang::CodeGenAction::ExecuteAction() (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x43f9448)
#16 0x0000000004684f59 clang::FrontendAction::Execute() (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x4684f59)
#17 0x0000000004609f8e clang::CompilerInstance::ExecuteAction(clang::FrontendAction&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x4609f8e)
#18 0x000000000476e2be clang::ExecuteCompilerInvocation(clang::CompilerInstance*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x476e2be)
#19 0x0000000000c82b7f cc1_main(llvm::ArrayRef<char const*>, char const*, void*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0xc82b7f)
#20 0x0000000000c7bcda ExecuteCC1Tool(llvm::SmallVectorImpl<char const*>&, llvm::ToolContext const&) driver.cpp:0:0
#21 0x000000000443cba9 void llvm::function_ref<void ()>::callback_fn<clang::driver::CC1Command::Execute(llvm::ArrayRef<std::optional<llvm::StringRef>>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>*, bool*) const::'lambda'()>(long) Job.cpp:0:0
#22 0x0000000003a30da4 llvm::CrashRecoveryContext::RunSafely(llvm::function_ref<void ()>) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x3a30da4)
#23 0x000000000443d19f clang::driver::CC1Command::Execute(llvm::ArrayRef<std::optional<llvm::StringRef>>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>*, bool*) const (.part.0) Job.cpp:0:0
#24 0x0000000004402c05 clang::driver::Compilation::ExecuteCommand(clang::driver::Command const&, clang::driver::Command const*&, bool) const (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x4402c05)
#25 0x000000000440366d clang::driver::Compilation::ExecuteJobs(clang::driver::JobList const&, llvm::SmallVectorImpl<std::pair<int, clang::driver::Command const*>>&, bool) const (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x440366d)
#26 0x000000000440b075 clang::driver::Driver::ExecuteCompilation(clang::driver::Compilation&, llvm::SmallVectorImpl<std::pair<int, clang::driver::Command const*>>&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0x440b075)
#27 0x0000000000c7fe95 clang_main(int, char**, llvm::ToolContext const&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0xc7fe95)
#28 0x0000000000b547a4 main (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0xb547a4)
#29 0x0000740b95429d90 (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x29d90)
#30 0x0000740b95429e40 __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x29e40)
#31 0x0000000000c7b78e _start (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-19.1.0/bin/clang+++0xc7b78e)
clang++: error: clang frontend command failed with exit code 70 (use -v to see invocation)
Compiler returned: 70
```

Side note: I made an effort to avoid submitting a duplicate issue. However, `Instruction does not dominate all uses!` issues sometimes appear similar based on the stack trace and printed instructions. If you know of better root-cause analysis methods to adopt, please advise. Thanks!

The test case was generated by a fuzzer.
</pre>
<img width="1px" height="1px" alt="" src="http://email.email.llvm.org/o/eJzkWl9v2zgS_zTKC2FDomT9eciD4yTbLlps0WT31aDEkcwLRepIyon7cJ_9QEq2Rddpc0V8WNwturFNkTO_-c1wOBRJtGaNALgOFjfB4vaK9GYj1fVu18FVKenu-gNwLpHZgIIAr-wXVEvO5TMTDWJiSzijyIA2qCIaUKWI3oBGFSeiCfBNgG9QuUNGsaYBZccQVJLqCQRFoJRUQbwMwtsg3P9Nw-Ff1XVDCxMGkQDnAS5QkN2gmktiUGnx4tw2NNJIVAXxDQrtnyC7dV3xDRo7-B9VEC-nPc9-W9zuf_ioplAfQRugaAtKMym0FeusRlGI_oWM6sWT1Um0BmVcD1xMx9-9kLbjYMdtjOmsgADfB_i-kbSU3MylagJ8_y3A958fN7X8TRXe-AdDqidE-7Z7jcPh50ehjeorCwFRCRoJaRCVLRPEACKco16DDnA0dEcowIsIBfEt4pJQxGJsHd8ZZR-YtrO_CGeNQIn9GuCIlo39iPKJBEKpk2E_hX62YpzgYcjiZGg8Yq2JIfwQGMMXxMQ-ZGzbjZJPIFArac9tLPaCWlmVbDvGibOSlFIZoAeTvny6Wz7cId2XLTM2APsGKeikMsjIU_KZ2fTlvJJtgO853-4_Zp2S_4DKBPiead1bwu4RERQxUfGegpsZLvodWKNI5SZMp6BTsgKtgSItezU025FEa1kxYoNI9QLpSrHOzF91bjgPwuKLko0iLSKq6VsQxoVdgO9lZ5ENJICawUvHpQJl22xMzo5ROIuKeTQPA3xfMrF_Ps7UWUOfiapnCZo1aCatYNJ1Vnxvut7MNZq1lgw0m73k6YzodqZ3wpCXIL5lwgBHs1rI2RZUKTXY52j2gGazpqpmRkpebQgTQXz7Q8C2c5TM8TxEs7qSXKoZZaQRUhtW6UGDI9prDuLVyG58N_AVWb6CeAWyDuI71BGlQSFikM09skY14zD0xLbnH51hLfsGamiLbdvXXgibszqiNQow3oJi9S7AGMlDBAYYe7oxHmdBgOMQhS_h_r-YQFFkOXJBFS-DeKl3evjyRTFhnMsfh7jJj50UeV5LbRSQNsCpjR0mzJDh8vdyfIBvwpcR3yFLWQOiEwOyNK3OGbDiQETf_SEeWCMID3DeC7ewUMSl1XIRuBaNBxf7cOMQ0nQCd2Wj5itUcgtqt5LCwIsZnnwggnK4e2EmwPnF-HV4PMCxD5hCCnA-QFwKGX5MYa5QKSW_DFyHxoObTOGGVR5mMUGfPv31-c4m6oFEFeB8KxkN8NLl5Q1RqJJCm7Fhj7eqonVLmJjblT5ehu7_g6bFiSdLgHhCzJC91265WA_LxXTOPD4zAXut6WVZctA8ltIT7FWY5JdQbOV6ijNPcQJJkcXvr3iQ6ynOPcU0q-t6GsYUDGF8jGSi9WdJgQfx6tjjs8ul1lHHtr9ssmWg7Aj_yVIQvtNMfyaCNKDOSYrv3D8XK73wgmOvK_0VoXbUBaJooMzjtPCdWeI6DSdwHY-vQ_0f52ug41hQ4zjy11pahFmWuPpbSLFrZa-RIC3ozq2vxZhJW2aWWkNb8t0H4B2oof1rL8ZywBWUX1gHnAm7Lg9IXKeboSZdusracqMNHZ70gv2zh3VnfFbsSt49K2ZgvV_PJ4Mo1KTnZk2Bg4GfDBzcNbjkZ2ofpeR_uPrtng2R8RadJ6OmCr_nYCWF7lvryqV199j6p2H8--xufRWd-Cquo8Wv-mra_rdz0HuQhU_ISvKqnIq1BIxCBof5LNwei-Q70bgoPvXiByAU1AMQVW1s3EuhvcVz0nUlKfwG4ie9HolqwPyk0ycimnNdjrQ-GMVE8xVqv3mfkJbn-T36-zjkozCq12wLX6FeCfPlxPHbeiytbKw_7LSBdnTf3zJk3n_5cUHlpVOvMk3iughz-BGySRn9qIjQw1b8T8FOwnH58LivvC-zNoxYPWO8ujVNqmqxqKbGfLF7w-XDow_1AVrilY-XKyNHTB7oxakHkiQ_MxXHcB93BlD1BvYzIL8Uv8mk8LRQvYo3SfOkXhRTqPfKuvwwNadYL4VyAOGhzHyUYVH7Ib0a9X4U2hBhd_PnOH3drAvF8wDUs8Srt5MsBVx6loyYjwZtZUW-x_-dwZdJLyNAz4LiZCeJy6w-bAm98nOpFNnZNSBe-XvJMVme7i8Pe8_3N2SAObUDh74dWVlRgvb0r6JHly8m1jy0hPO_oDJSfWw7ftaok1XQyhhT5mSdLBBVbAvqbM2AvQIrSeKqJIVjZiK37oWL27Vy5Lqnw2w8bAUqwnlJqqd1LSzSY-QMuscoWkUr2bZE0NOJfdaJh8VRurWf-BvB45J_WA4PA9br6uUlioYfJdGssksns5gci15n27A2ijCj949PxBHO7ayQavLcdpm8pXBRNHDuhgQ446QtKQlwdqQK5_t3XL_L8rw_vnsxRUnyphdTX3vxQGpwpe1bXXehd1eUJF7oxycxRqOiRv_PMWJZn3dEGUvkD4Ih8YkLcRUuXiXueKxxmtodm14-PxloO7xWfP-g6_LkldnBtvddFAa7vYhanBATpyn9T4n5XZb6dVZ-l-Unps1r-43vkvMhEDrCbAyM71zfSuR013xxOi1bHp3pCZ1lmL0aZ7eT7171cKZseM0N_0U6L1CkDPx4BGYni3sNxUjgvkzZG-Ayy3LMCz9fut-9MHHQPOxeiRiWiyQjCbKo3135INtTvq_usiQsi0WCC1qEo17OygDfv-TpOk1mnIn-ZdaIfnhQzbWcp06oGzKVeThLO8iEJETrtR221oYos55Y92YtkPhaotN6LssBDfIv4DUr_aB--nh_9n28VFCPew1UjbOiJowDRc_MbBC8MBtgFFDmeO41oNkWGYk0AGKT8n_Uta_8kQLTKwHuZD0Lf3Db4YFRQEIad1_hI2oJBUQEgroej9GJq0KGM3YzXPSgfcdZRQwgd2Q-Rx_kM9jpjVcoSMO3X0xIw0GCRlq2YFgLGpGuA6KQZi3jRKGSaKBICncOr93puTuDdyftnWLCAEXsqFHP0cca7WSPnoR8RrJGJRhjGZHSzCpiKSTjK27UgtlIqp2Z1AXACnUciO1Dt0zDHD1uiHg63qIYr4hsYHI35plo1IAA5Y78yx0iqO6_fQM1v6LXMS3iglzBdZThIomiNImvNtd1EkeLRVGltCS4SHJcJmmcLMqoSssor-Mrdo1DnEQhDsM8zHA8r5MkS_IozaKKLvI4DJIQWsL43GaluVTNlWPyOoriMMuvOCmBa3f7B-MxAnGwuL1S1-7WQ9k3OkhCzrTRRxGGGe6uDE1jdnGLXB2LaA-WKe-aDwowfru_Mb7qFb_-9ZsZo3Xba_zvAAAA__8XRzmh">