<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8">
    <tr>
        <th>Issue</th>
        <td>
            <a href=https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/60652>60652</a>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <th>Summary</th>
        <td>
            [clang++] Functions with trivial infinite loop are wrongly optimized
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <th>Labels</th>
      <td>
            new issue
      </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <th>Assignees</th>
      <td>
      </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <th>Reporter</th>
      <td>
          pbo-linaro
      </td>
    </tr>
</table>

<pre>
    Given this C++ program:
```
#include <cstdio>
int main() {for(;;) {}}
```
compiled using: `clang++-15 -01 file.cpp && a.out`

One might expect to get a program never terminating.
That's the case in O0, but *not* in O1, where it returns a non-zero error code.

---

Now, consider this other program:
```
#include <cstdio>
int main() {for(;;) {} printf("Unreachable");}
void never_called() {printf("Hello world\n");}
```
In O1, it still returns a non-zero error code, but calls `never_called`!
This kind of behavior is found only in C++ (not when compiling in C).

---
**Note: The following analysis applies to any other function, not only main.**
By looking at LLVM IR (`clang++-15 -S -emit-llvm file.cpp -o -`), in O1:
```
; Function Attrs: mustprogress nofree norecurse noreturn nosync nounwind readnone willreturn uwtable
define dso_local noundef i32 @main() local_unnamed_addr #0 {
 unreachable
}
```

The body of the function was deleted for a single `unreachable` llvm instruction.
When generating code, we obtain a main *without* any instruction, not even a `ret`.

Looking at object file generated, we can notice main is a 0 sized symbol, and "shares" same address than `never_called`, thus triggering this funny side effect.
```
$ readelf -s main.o
Symbol table '.symtab' contains 7 entries:
   Num:    Value          Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name
     ...
     4: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT 2 main
     5: 0000000000000000    12 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT    2 _Z12never_calledv

```

---
I didn't find any [absolute answer](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2178115/are-compilers-allowed-to-eliminate-infinite-loops) on the fact a C++ compiler could optimize out an infinite loop with constant condition.
In our program, `clang` never removes the loop, but `clang++` does from O1.

This problem appeared in LLVM-13, and `git bisect` finds 6c3129549374c0e81e28fd0a21e96f8087b63a78.


</pre>
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