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<body><div>As a data point: Inside Chromium the time to process headers is typically 80-95% of the total time processing a cc file. Maybe not surprising when the headers are around 240k lines, and the cc files themselves 50-500 lines. Most of the compile time remained even with precompiled headers on Windows.</div><div><br></div><div>I've heard (hearsay, I admit) from profiling that it seems the single largest time consumer in clang is template instantiation, something I assume can't easily be prepared in advance.</div><div><br></div><div>One example is chromium's chrome/browser/browser target which is 732 files that normally need 6220 CPU seconds to compile, average 8,5 seconds per file. All combined together gives a single translation unit that takes 400 seconds to compile, a mere 0.54 seconds on average per file. That indicates that about 8 seconds per compiled file is related to the processing of headers.</div><div><br></div><div>Our default jumbo configuration makes groups of 8 (when having access to Google's internal distributed compilation system) or 50 (for single computer compilation) files which loses half or more of the potential speedup for a much faster single-file turnaround and better use of parallel hardware. </div><div><br></div><div>To comment on some earlier things mentioned: The value of jumbo is in the results, the massive compile time speedup. It can also be used for "cheap" full program/module optimization (I measured a 1-2% speedup on Speedometer with a jumbo build, along with a 2% increase of the binary size, all compared to a normal non-PGO/LTO/FPO build) and it reduces disk usage and makes linking faster, but the main point for us is that it makes compilations so much faster.</div><div><br></div><div>The main downside is that you have to slightly adjust the source where "slightly" in a code base of 10-20 million lines can be noticeable. That is where this proposed clang feature enters. It would both reduce the initial amount of changes needed, and it removes the distraction that it would be for a developer to have to consider other code in other files when writing new code.</div><div><br></div><div>/Daniel</div><div><br></div><div>On Tue, 10 Apr 2018 21:40:30 +0200, Bruce Dawson <brucedawson@chromium.org> wrote:<br></div><br><blockquote style="margin: 0 0 0.80ex; border-left: #0000FF 2px solid; padding-left: 1ex"><div dir="ltr">> you'd still repeatedly lex and preprocess the files #included into both source files<div><br></div><div>That is where the high cost of translation units comes from, so I don't think the 'abililty to parse one file, then make it "invisible"' will help build performance. To be clear, the per-translation unit cost is not from firing up the compiler, it's from parsing/lexing/preprocessing millions of lines of header files, and associated code generation.</div><div><br></div><div>> With a unity build, you now instead need to rebuild the concatenation of that .cc file and a bunch of others.</div><div><br></div><div>True. But a pragmatic unity/jumbo build system understands and manages this risk, by keeping the number of source files that are #included down to a reasonable level. Even when jumbo concatenates 50 source files together the compilation cost for that blob is <i>far</i> less than 50 times the cost of compiling one file. It's an issue, to be sure, but not a fatal flaw.</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">On Tue, Apr 10, 2018 at 12:13 PM Richard Smith <<a href="mailto:richard@metafoo.co.uk">richard@metafoo.co.uk</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote">On 10 April 2018 at 10:05, Nico Weber via cfe-dev <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:cfe-dev@lists.llvm.org" target="_blank">cfe-dev@lists.llvm.org</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><span>On Tue, Apr 10, 2018 at 1:01 PM, David Blaikie <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:dblaikie@gmail.com" target="_blank">dblaikie@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><span><div dir="ltr">On Tue, Apr 10, 2018 at 9:58 AM Nico Weber <<a href="mailto:thakis@chromium.org" target="_blank">thakis@chromium.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Apr 10, 2018 at 11:56 AM, David Blaikie <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:dblaikie@gmail.com" target="_blank">dblaikie@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><span class="m_-2933067167212111584m_-58573068680312761m_-3396011259249812823m_-5122693700298887642gmail-"><div dir="ltr">On Tue, Apr 10, 2018 at 8:52 AM Mostyn Bramley-Moore <<a href="mailto:mostynb@vewd.com" target="_blank">mostynb@vewd.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Apr 10, 2018 at 4:27 PM, David Blaikie <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:dblaikie@gmail.com" target="_blank">dblaikie@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">I haven't looked at the patches in detail - but generally a jumbo build feels like a bit of a workaround & maybe there are better long-term solutions that might fit into the compiler. A few sort of background questions:<br><br>* Have you tried Clang header modules ( <a href="https://clang.llvm.org/docs/Modules.html" target="_blank">https://clang.llvm.org/docs/Modules.html</a> )? (explicit (granted, explicit might only be practical at the moment using Google's internal version of Bazel - but you /might/ get some comparison numbers from a Google Chrome developer) and implicit)<br> * The doc talks about maybe disabling jumbo builds for a single target for developer efficiency, with the risk that a header edit would maybe be worse for the developer than the jumbo build - this is where modules would help as well, since it doesn't have this tradeoff property of two different dimensions of "more work" you have to choose from.<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>There are ways to minimise this- an earlier proprietary jumbo build system used at Opera would detect when you're modifying and rebuilding files, and compile these in "normal" mode. This gave fast full/clean build times but also short modify+rebuild times. We have not attempted to implement this in the Chromium Jumbo build configuration.</div></div></div></div></blockquote></span><div><br>Building that kind of infrastructure seems like a pretty big hammer compared to modularizing the codebase...</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>Modularizing the codebase doesn't give you the same build time impact, linearizes your build more,</div></div></div></div></blockquote></span><div><br>Not sure I follow - it partially linearizes (as you say, due to the module dependency rather than header dependency issue), as does the jumbo build.<br></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>The jumbo build just needs to append a bunch of files, that's fast. Compiling a module isn't.</div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Well, compiling a module is just appending a bunch of headers and compiling them. It's just at a different layer of the graph.</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div> and slows down incremental builds.</div></div></div></div></blockquote></span><div><br>Compared to a traditional build? I wouldn't think so (I mean, yes, reading/writing modules has some overhead - but also some gains) on average. I'd expect slower builds if you modify a header at the very base of the dependency (the STL), but beyond that I would've thought the reading/writing modules overhead would be saved by reusing modules for infrequently modified files (like the STL).<br></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>Say you touch some header foo.h. Previously, you needed to rebuild all cc files including it. Now you need to instead rebuild the module, and since the module has changed you now need to rebuild all cc files using any header in the module, not just the users of foo.h. That's potentially way more cc files.</div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>But say you touch some source file foo.cc. Previously, and with modules, you just need to rebuild that cc file. With a unity build, you now instead need to rebuild the concatenation of that .cc file and a bunch of others. That's also potentially way more cc files. :)</div><div><br></div><div>But measurements beat speculation here.</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="m_-2933067167212111584h5"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>(wonder what the combination would be like - modularizing headers, and also jumbo-ifying .cpp files together... - whether there's much to be saved in the reading modules part of the work, reading them in fewer times - that gets into some of the ideas of compiler as a service I guess)<br> </div><div><div class="m_-2933067167212111584m_-58573068680312761h5"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div> Even if it wasn't a lot more work to get modules going, it's not completely clear to me that that would address the use case that the people working on the jumbo build have.</div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div> (maybe still less work - but a lot of work to workaround things & produce some rather quirky behavior (in terms of how the build functions based on looking at exactly how the source files have changed & changing the build action graph depending on that) - but enough that I'd be inclined to reconsider going in the modular direction again)<br> </div><span class="m_-2933067167212111584m_-58573068680312761m_-3396011259249812823m_-5122693700298887642gmail-"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">* I was going to ask about the lack of parallelism in a jumbo build - but reading the doc I see it's not a 'full' jumbo build, but chunkifying the build - so there's still some/enough parallelism. Cool :)<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">I have heard rumours of some codebases in the games industry using a single jumbo source file for the entire build, but this is generally considered to be taking things too far and not our intended use case.</span></div></div></div></div></blockquote></span><div><br>Ah, my understanding was that jumbo builds were often/mainly used for optimized builds to get cross-module optimizations (LTO-esque) & so it'd be likely to be the whole program.<br> </div><div><div class="m_-2933067167212111584m_-58573068680312761m_-3396011259249812823m_-5122693700298887642gmail-h5"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>The size of Chromium's jumbo compilation units is tunable- you can simply #include fewer real source files per jumbo source file- the bigger your build farm is, the smaller you want this number to be. The optimal setup depends on things like the shape of the dependency graph and the relative costs of the original source files. IIRC we currently only have build-wide "jumbo_file_merge_limit" setting, though that might have changed since I last looked (V8 would benefit from this, since its source files compile more slowly than most Chromium source files). <br></div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>-Mostyn.</div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="m_-2933067167212111584m_-58573068680312761m_-3396011259249812823m_-5122693700298887642gmail-m_-3195208266364977363m_8585064543030898726h5"><div dir="ltr">On Tue, Apr 10, 2018 at 5:12 AM Mostyn Bramley-Moore via cfe-dev <<a href="mailto:cfe-dev@lists.llvm.org" target="_blank">cfe-dev@lists.llvm.org</a>> wrote:<br></div></div></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div class="m_-2933067167212111584m_-58573068680312761m_-3396011259249812823m_-5122693700298887642gmail-m_-3195208266364977363m_8585064543030898726h5"><div dir="ltr"><div><b style="font-weight:normal" id="m_-2933067167212111584m_-58573068680312761m_-3396011259249812823m_-5122693700298887642gmail-m_-3195208266364977363m_8585064543030898726m_-6592056101899929713m_-6988799015835522286gmail-docs-internal-guid-a1e0adc9-af70-ec92-1330-18e90ab6309d"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Hi,</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">I am a member of a small group of Chromium developers who are working on adding a unity build[1] setup to Chromium[2], in order to reduce the project's long and ever-increasing compile times. We're calling these "jumbo" builds, because this term is not as overloaded as "unity".</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">We're slowly making progress, but find that a lot of our time is spent renaming things in anonymous namespaces- it would be much simpler if it was possible to automatically treat these as if they were file-local. Jens Widell has put together a proof-of-concept which appears to work reasonably well, it consists of a clang plugin and a small clang patch:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><a href="https://github.com/jensl/llvm-project-20170507/tree/wip/jumbo-support/v1" target="_blank">https://github.com/jensl/llvm-project-20170507/tree/wip/jumbo-support/v1</a></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><a href="https://github.com/jensl/llvm-project-20170507/commit/a00d5ce3f20bf1c7a41145be8b7a3a478df9935f" target="_blank">https://github.com/jensl/llvm-project-20170507/commit/a00d5ce3f20bf1c7a41145be8b7a3a478df9935f</a></span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">After building clang and the plugin, you generate jumbo source files that look like:</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">jumbo_source_1.cc:</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">#pragma jumbo</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">#include "real_source_file_1.cc"</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">#include "real_source_file_2.cc"</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">#include "real_source_file_3.cc"</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Then, you compile something like this:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">clang++ -c jumbo_source_1.cc -Xclang -load -Xclang lib/JumboSupport.so -Xclang -add-plugin -Xclang jumbo-support</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The plugin gives unique names[3] to the anonymous namespaces without otherwise changing their semantics, and also #undef's macros defined in each top-level source file before processing the next top-level source file. That way header files can still define macros that are used in multiple source files in the jumbo translation unit. Collisions between macros defined in header files and names used in other headers and other source files are still possible, but less likely.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">To show how much these two changes help, here's a patch to make Chromium's network code build in jumbo mode:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><a href="https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/966523" target="_blank">https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/966523</a> (+352/-377 lines)</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">And here's the corresponding patch using the proof-of-concept JumboSupport plugin:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><a href="https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/962062" target="_blank">https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/962062</a> (+53/-52 lines)</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">It seems clear that the version using the JumboSupport plugin would require less effort to create, review and merge into the codebase. We have a few other feature ideas, but these two changes seem to do most of the work for us.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">So now we're trying to figure out the best way forward- would a feature like this be welcome to the Clang project? And if so, how would you recommend that we go about it? We would prefer to do this in a way that does not require a locally patched Clang and could live with building a custom plugin, although implementing this entirely in Clang would be even better.</span></p></b></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></blockquote></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I've been thinking about ways to get the benefits of unity builds without the semantic changes. With the functionality we introduced for -fmodules-local-submodule-visibility, we have the abililty to parse one file, then make it "invisible" and parse another file, skipping all the repeated parts from the two parses, which would give us some (maybe most) of the performance benefit of unity builds without the semantic changes. (This is not quite as good as a unity build: you'd still repeatedly lex and preprocess the files #included into both source files. We could implicitly treat header files with include guards as being "modular" to get the performance back, but then you also get back some of the semantic changes.)</div><div> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="m_-2933067167212111584h5"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="m_-2933067167212111584m_-58573068680312761h5"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="m_-2933067167212111584m_-58573068680312761m_-3396011259249812823m_-5122693700298887642gmail-h5"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div class="m_-2933067167212111584m_-58573068680312761m_-3396011259249812823m_-5122693700298887642gmail-m_-3195208266364977363m_8585064543030898726h5"><div dir="ltr"><div><b style="font-weight:normal" id="m_-2933067167212111584m_-58573068680312761m_-3396011259249812823m_-5122693700298887642gmail-m_-3195208266364977363m_8585064543030898726m_-6592056101899929713m_-6988799015835522286gmail-docs-internal-guid-a1e0adc9-af70-ec92-1330-18e90ab6309d"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Thanks,</span></p><div><b style="font-weight:normal"><br></b></div><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">-Mostyn.</span></p><br><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">[1] If you're not familiar with unity builds, the idea is to compile multiple source files per compiler invocation, reducing the overhead of processing header files (which can be surprisingly high). We do this by taking a list of the source files in a target and generating "jumbo" source files that #include multiple "real" source files, and then we feed these jumbo files to the compiler one at a time. This way, we don't prevent the usage of valuable build tools like ccache and icecc that only support a single source file on the command line.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">[2] Daniel Bratell has a summary of our progress jumbo-ifying the Chromium codebase here:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/19jGsZxh7DX8jkAKbL1nYBa5rcByUL2EeidnYsoXfsYQ/edit#" style="text-decoration:none" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(17,85,204);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">https://docs.google.com/document/d/19jGsZxh7DX8jkAKbL1nYBa5rcByUL2EeidnYsoXfsYQ/edit#</span></a></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">[3] The JumboSupport plugin assigns names to the anonymous namespaces in a given file: foo::(anonymous namespace)::bar is replaced with a symbol name of the form foo::__anonymous_<number>::bar where <number> is unique to the file within the jumbo translation unit. Due to the internal linkage of these symbols, <number> does not need to be unique across multiple object files/jumbo source files.</span></p></b><br></div>-- <br><div class="m_-2933067167212111584m_-58573068680312761m_-3396011259249812823m_-5122693700298887642gmail-m_-3195208266364977363m_8585064543030898726m_-6592056101899929713m_-6988799015835522286gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr">Mostyn Bramley-Moore<div><div>Vewd Software</div><div><a href="mailto:mostynb@opera.com" target="_blank">mostynb@vewd.com</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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