<div dir="ltr">I found another bug with nullability. Consider this code in a header:<div><br></div><div><div>_Pragma("clang assume_nonnull begin")</div><div>template <typename T></div><div>inline void f(T x) {}</div><div>_Pragma("clang assume_nonnull end")</div></div><div><br></div><div>This gives the following bogus warning:</div><div>
<p class=""><span class="">./nullability.h:3:15: </span><span class="">warning: </span><span class="">pointer is missing a nullability type specifier (__nonnull or __nullable) [-Wnullability-completeness]</span></p></div><div><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Jun 27, 2015 at 2:06 PM, b17 c0de <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:b17c0de@gmail.com" target="_blank">b17c0de@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">I figured out my issue. I was compiling with -std=c++14 and the nullability and assume_nonnull features are only enabled for ObjC and GNU mode. Why are these only supported in GNU mode? I thought GNU mode was only for features that contradict the standard. How does this feature contradict the standard given that the names are double and single underscore prefixed? I would rather not have to compile my code in GNU mode just to enable nullability. I can check with __has_extension() but at least Apple headers seem to only use __has_feature so the checks there won't be enabled when not compiling in GNU mode. If the consensus is that __has_feature(nullability) should only be enabled for GNU mode, would it make sense to have an f-group flag like -fnullability to enable it for __has_feature when not compiling in GNU mode?<div><div><br></div><div>Also I found a bug in clang. __has_extension(assume_nonnull) doesn't work properly. It is missing from the StringCase at the end of the HasExtension() function in lib/Lex/PPMacroExpansion.cpp. I think it should be there.</div></div></div><div class="HOEnZb"><div class="h5"><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Jun 27, 2015 at 12:44 AM, b17 c0de <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:b17c0de@gmail.com" target="_blank">b17c0de@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Apple please implement <span style="color:rgb(80,0,80);font-size:12.8000001907349px"> __has_feature(nullability) in clang for Xcode 7 release. :-)</span><div><div><br><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Jun 27, 2015 at 12:31 AM, Aaron Ballman <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:aaron@aaronballman.com" target="_blank">aaron@aaronballman.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><span>On Fri, Jun 26, 2015 at 6:29 PM, b17 c0de <<a href="mailto:b17c0de@gmail.com" target="_blank">b17c0de@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
> It also appears that the current versions of Apple clang (even the newest<br>
> beta) don't even support __has_feature(nullability). I take it this has been<br>
> fixed in trunk?<br>
<br>
</span>Correct, trunk is likely also the only place that has _Nonnull and<br>
friends, too. If you're developing on OS X and don't need cross<br>
compiler support for your code base, I would stick with __nonnull<br>
there and you'll be fine. If you need cross compiler support, you'll<br>
likely have to piece it together with macros.<br>
<div><div><br>
~Aaron<br>
<br>
><br>
> On Fri, Jun 26, 2015 at 11:53 PM, Aaron Ballman <<a href="mailto:aaron@aaronballman.com" target="_blank">aaron@aaronballman.com</a>><br>
> wrote:<br>
>><br>
>> On Fri, Jun 26, 2015 at 5:44 PM, b17 c0de <<a href="mailto:b17c0de@gmail.com" target="_blank">b17c0de@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
>> > OK. What would be the best way to detect if Apple clang supports<br>
>> > _Nonnull or<br>
>> > only __nonnull though.<br>
>><br>
>> I cannot speak for how Apple's Clang works in this regard, but perhaps<br>
>> Doug can.<br>
>><br>
>> ~Aaron<br>
>><br>
>> ><br>
>> > On Fri, Jun 26, 2015 at 11:40 PM, Aaron Ballman <<a href="mailto:aaron@aaronballman.com" target="_blank">aaron@aaronballman.com</a>><br>
>> > wrote:<br>
>> >><br>
>> >> On Fri, Jun 26, 2015 at 5:36 PM, b17 c0de <<a href="mailto:b17c0de@gmail.com" target="_blank">b17c0de@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
>> >> > How can one detect if an Apple clang supports the new nullability<br>
>> >> > attributes. I tried something like:<br>
>> >> ><br>
>> >> > #if __has_attribute(_Nonnull)<br>
>> >> > #elif __has_attribute(__nonnull)<br>
>> >> > #define _Nonnull __nonnull<br>
>> >> > #else<br>
>> >> > #define _Nonnull<br>
>> >> > #endif<br>
>> >> ><br>
>> >> > But this didn't work. Why doesn't _Nonnull/__nonnull work with<br>
>> >> > __has_attribute?<br>
>> >><br>
>> >> __has_attribute is used to test for GNU-style attribute support only.<br>
>> >> To test for nullability, you should use: __has_feature(nullability)<br>
>> >><br>
>> >> ~Aaron<br>
>> >><br>
>> >> ><br>
>> >> > On Wed, Jun 24, 2015 at 10:39 PM, Douglas Gregor <<a href="mailto:dgregor@apple.com" target="_blank">dgregor@apple.com</a>><br>
>> >> > wrote:<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Another addendum: due to the conflict with glibc’s __nonnull, we’ll<br>
>> >> >> be<br>
>> >> >> renaming the __double_underscored keywords to _Big_underscored<br>
>> >> >> keywords,<br>
>> >> >> e.g.,<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> __nonnull -> _Nonnull<br>
>> >> >> __nullable -> _Nullable<br>
>> >> >> __null_unspecified -> _Null_unspecified<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> On Darwin, we’ll add predefines<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> #define __nonnull _Nonnull<br>
>> >> >> #define __nullable _Nullable<br>
>> >> >> #define __null_unspecified _Null_unspecified<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> to keep the existing headers working.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> - Doug<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> On Mar 2, 2015, at 1:22 PM, Douglas Gregor <<a href="mailto:dgregor@apple.com" target="_blank">dgregor@apple.com</a>><br>
>> >> >> wrote:<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Hello all,<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Null pointers are a significant source of problems in applications.<br>
>> >> >> Whether it’s SIGSEGV taking down a process or a foolhardy attempt to<br>
>> >> >> recover<br>
>> >> >> from NullPointerException breaking invariants everywhere, it’s a<br>
>> >> >> problem<br>
>> >> >> that’s bad enough for Tony Hoare to call the invention of the null<br>
>> >> >> reference<br>
>> >> >> his billion dollar mistake [1]. It’s not the ability to create a<br>
>> >> >> null<br>
>> >> >> pointer that is a problem—having a common sentinel value meaning “no<br>
>> >> >> value”<br>
>> >> >> is extremely useful—but that it’s very hard to determine whether,<br>
>> >> >> for a<br>
>> >> >> particular pointer, one is expected to be able to use null. C<br>
>> >> >> doesn’t<br>
>> >> >> distinguish between “nullable” and “nonnull” pointers, so we turn to<br>
>> >> >> documentation and experimentation. Consider strchr from the C<br>
>> >> >> standard<br>
>> >> >> library:<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> char *strchr(const char *s, int c);<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> It is “obvious” to a programmer who knows the semantics of strchr<br>
>> >> >> that<br>
>> >> >> it’s important to check for a returned null, because null is used as<br>
>> >> >> the<br>
>> >> >> sentinel for “not found”. Of course, your tools don’t know that, so<br>
>> >> >> they<br>
>> >> >> cannot help when you completely forget to check for the null case.<br>
>> >> >> Bugs<br>
>> >> >> ensue.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Can I pass a null string to strchr? The standard is unclear [2], and<br>
>> >> >> my<br>
>> >> >> platform’s implementation happily accepts a null parameter and<br>
>> >> >> returns<br>
>> >> >> null,<br>
>> >> >> so obviously I shouldn’t worry about it… until I port my code, or<br>
>> >> >> the<br>
>> >> >> underlying implementation changes because my expectations and the<br>
>> >> >> library<br>
>> >> >> implementor’s expectations differ. Given the age of strchr, I<br>
>> >> >> suspect<br>
>> >> >> that<br>
>> >> >> every implementation out there has an explicit, defensive check for<br>
>> >> >> a<br>
>> >> >> null<br>
>> >> >> string, because it’s easier to add yet more defensive (and generally<br>
>> >> >> useless) null checks than it is to ask your clients to fix their<br>
>> >> >> code.<br>
>> >> >> Scale<br>
>> >> >> this up, and code bloat ensues, as well as wasted programmer effort<br>
>> >> >> that<br>
>> >> >> obscures the places where checking for null really does matter.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> In a recent version of Xcode, Apple introduced an extension to<br>
>> >> >> C/C++/Objective-C that expresses the nullability of pointers in the<br>
>> >> >> type<br>
>> >> >> system via new nullability qualifiers . Nullability qualifiers<br>
>> >> >> express<br>
>> >> >> nullability as part of the declaration of strchr [2]:<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> __nullable char *strchr(__nonnull const char *s, int c);<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> With this, programmers and tools alike can better reason about the<br>
>> >> >> use<br>
>> >> >> of<br>
>> >> >> strchr with null pointers.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> We’d like to contribute the implementation (and there is a patch<br>
>> >> >> attached<br>
>> >> >> at the end [3]), but since this is a nontrivial extension to all of<br>
>> >> >> the<br>
>> >> >> C<br>
>> >> >> family of languages that Clang supports, we believe that it needs to<br>
>> >> >> be<br>
>> >> >> discussed here first.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Goals<br>
>> >> >> We have several specific goals that informed the design of this<br>
>> >> >> feature.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Allow the intended nullability to be expressed on all pointers:<br>
>> >> >> Pointers<br>
>> >> >> are used throughout library interfaces, and the nullability of those<br>
>> >> >> pointers is an important part of the API contract with users. It’s<br>
>> >> >> too<br>
>> >> >> simplistic to only allow function parameters to have nullability,<br>
>> >> >> for<br>
>> >> >> example, because it’s also important information for data members,<br>
>> >> >> pointers-to-pointers (e.g., "a nonnull pointer to a nullable pointer<br>
>> >> >> to<br>
>> >> >> an<br>
>> >> >> integer”), arrays of pointers, etc.<br>
>> >> >> Enable better tools support for detecting nullability problems: The<br>
>> >> >> nullability annotations should be useful for tools (especially the<br>
>> >> >> static<br>
>> >> >> analyzer) that can reason about the use of null, to give warnings<br>
>> >> >> about<br>
>> >> >> both<br>
>> >> >> missed null checks (the result of strchr could be null…) as well as<br>
>> >> >> for<br>
>> >> >> unnecessarily-defensive code.<br>
>> >> >> Support workflows where all interfaces provide nullability<br>
>> >> >> annotations:<br>
>> >> >> In<br>
>> >> >> moving from a world where there are no nullability annotations to<br>
>> >> >> one<br>
>> >> >> where<br>
>> >> >> we hope to see many such annotations, we’ve found it helpful to move<br>
>> >> >> header-by-header, auditing a complete header to give it nullability<br>
>> >> >> qualifiers. Once one has done that, additions to the header need to<br>
>> >> >> be<br>
>> >> >> held<br>
>> >> >> to the same standard, so we need a design that allows us to warn<br>
>> >> >> about<br>
>> >> >> pointers that don’t provide nullability annotations for some<br>
>> >> >> declarations in<br>
>> >> >> a header that already has some nullability annotations.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Zero effect on ABI or code generation: There are a huge number of<br>
>> >> >> interfaces that could benefit from the use of nullability<br>
>> >> >> qualifiers,<br>
>> >> >> but we<br>
>> >> >> won’t get widespread adoption if introducing the nullability<br>
>> >> >> qualifiers<br>
>> >> >> means breaking existing code, either in the ABI (say, because<br>
>> >> >> nullability<br>
>> >> >> qualifiers are mangled into the type) or at execution time (e.g.,<br>
>> >> >> because a<br>
>> >> >> non-null pointer ends up being null along some error path and causes<br>
>> >> >> undefined behavior).<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Why not __attribute__((nonnull))?<br>
>> >> >> Clang already has an attribute to express nullability, “nonnull”,<br>
>> >> >> which<br>
>> >> >> we<br>
>> >> >> inherited from GCC [4]. The “nonnull” attribute can be placed on<br>
>> >> >> functions<br>
>> >> >> to indicate which parameters cannot be null: one either specifies<br>
>> >> >> the<br>
>> >> >> indices of the arguments that cannot be null, e.g.,<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> extern void *my_memcpy (void *dest, const void *src, size_t len)<br>
>> >> >> __attribute__((nonnull (1, 2)));<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> or omits the list of indices to state that all pointer arguments<br>
>> >> >> cannot<br>
>> >> >> be<br>
>> >> >> null, e.g.,<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> extern void *my_memcpy (void *dest, const void *src, size_t len)<br>
>> >> >> __attribute__((nonnull));<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> More recently, “nonnull” has grown the ability to be applied to<br>
>> >> >> parameters, and one can use the companion attribute returns_nonnull<br>
>> >> >> to<br>
>> >> >> state<br>
>> >> >> that a function returns a non-null pointer:<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> extern void *my_memcpy (__attribute__((nonnull)) void *dest,<br>
>> >> >> __attribute__((nonnull)) const void *src, size_t len)<br>
>> >> >> __attribute__((returns_nonnull));<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> There are a number of problems here. First, there are different<br>
>> >> >> attributes<br>
>> >> >> to express the same idea at different places in the grammar, and the<br>
>> >> >> use of<br>
>> >> >> the “nonnull” attribute on the function actually has an effect on<br>
>> >> >> the<br>
>> >> >> function parameters can get very, very confusing. Quick, which<br>
>> >> >> pointers<br>
>> >> >> are<br>
>> >> >> nullable vs. non-null in this example?<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> __attribute__((nonnull)) void *my_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size);<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> According to that declaration, ptr is nonnull and the function<br>
>> >> >> returns<br>
>> >> >> a<br>
>> >> >> nullable pointer… but that’s the opposite of how it reads (and<br>
>> >> >> behaves,<br>
>> >> >> if<br>
>> >> >> this is anything like a realloc that cannot fail). Moreover, because<br>
>> >> >> these<br>
>> >> >> two attributes are declaration attributes, not type attributes, you<br>
>> >> >> cannot<br>
>> >> >> express that nullability of the inner pointer in a multi-level<br>
>> >> >> pointer<br>
>> >> >> or an<br>
>> >> >> array of pointers, which makes these attributes verbose, confusing,<br>
>> >> >> and<br>
>> >> >> not<br>
>> >> >> sufficiently generally. These attributes fail the first of our<br>
>> >> >> goals.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> These attributes aren’t as useful as they could be for tools support<br>
>> >> >> (the<br>
>> >> >> second and third goals), because they only express the nonnull case,<br>
>> >> >> leaving<br>
>> >> >> no way to distinguish between the unannotated case (nobody has<br>
>> >> >> documented<br>
>> >> >> the nullability of some parameter) and the nullable case (we know<br>
>> >> >> the<br>
>> >> >> pointer can be null). From a tooling perspective, this is a killer:<br>
>> >> >> the<br>
>> >> >> static analyzer absolutely cannot warn that one has forgotten to<br>
>> >> >> check<br>
>> >> >> for<br>
>> >> >> null for every unannotated pointer, because the false-positive rate<br>
>> >> >> would be<br>
>> >> >> astronomical.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Finally, we’ve recently started considering violations of the<br>
>> >> >> __attribute__((nonnull)) contract to be undefined behavior, which<br>
>> >> >> fails<br>
>> >> >> the<br>
>> >> >> last of our goals. This is something we could debate further if it<br>
>> >> >> were<br>
>> >> >> the<br>
>> >> >> only problem, but these declaration attributes fall all of our<br>
>> >> >> criteria, so<br>
>> >> >> it’s not worth discussing.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Nullability Qualifiers<br>
>> >> >> We propose the addition of a new set of type qualifiers, spelled<br>
>> >> >> __nullable, __nonnull, and __null_unspecified, to Clang. These are<br>
>> >> >> collectively known as nullability qualifiers and may be written<br>
>> >> >> anywhere any<br>
>> >> >> other type qualifier may be written (such as const) on any type<br>
>> >> >> subject<br>
>> >> >> to<br>
>> >> >> the following restrictions:<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Two nullability qualifiers shall not appear in the same set of<br>
>> >> >> qualifiers.<br>
>> >> >> A nullability qualifier shall qualify any pointer type, including<br>
>> >> >> pointers<br>
>> >> >> to objects, pointers to functions, C++ pointers to members, block<br>
>> >> >> pointers,<br>
>> >> >> and Objective-C object pointers.<br>
>> >> >> A nullability qualifier in the declaration-specifiers applies to the<br>
>> >> >> innermost pointer type of each declarator (e.g., __nonnull int * is<br>
>> >> >> equivalent to int * __nonnull).<br>
>> >> >> A nullability qualifier applied to a typedef of a<br>
>> >> >> nullability-qualified<br>
>> >> >> pointer type shall specify the same nullability as the underlying<br>
>> >> >> type<br>
>> >> >> of<br>
>> >> >> the typedef.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> The meanings of the three nullability qualifiers are as follows:<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> __nullable: the pointer may store a null value at runtime (as part<br>
>> >> >> of<br>
>> >> >> the<br>
>> >> >> API contract)<br>
>> >> >> __nonnull: the pointer should not store a null value at runtime (as<br>
>> >> >> part<br>
>> >> >> of the API contract). it is possible that the value can be null,<br>
>> >> >> e.g.,<br>
>> >> >> in<br>
>> >> >> erroneous historic uses of an API, and it is up to the library<br>
>> >> >> implementor<br>
>> >> >> to decide to what degree she will accommodate such clients.<br>
>> >> >> __null_unspecified: it is unclear whether the pointer can be null or<br>
>> >> >> not.<br>
>> >> >> Use of this type qualifier is extremely rare in practice, but it<br>
>> >> >> fills<br>
>> >> >> a<br>
>> >> >> small but important niche when auditing a particular header to add<br>
>> >> >> nullability qualifiers: sometimes the nullability contract for a few<br>
>> >> >> APIs in<br>
>> >> >> the header is unclear even when looking at the implementation for<br>
>> >> >> historical<br>
>> >> >> reasons, and establishing the contract requires more extensive<br>
>> >> >> study.<br>
>> >> >> In<br>
>> >> >> such cases, it’s often best to mark that pointer as<br>
>> >> >> __null_unspecified<br>
>> >> >> (which will help silence the warning about unannotated pointers in a<br>
>> >> >> header)<br>
>> >> >> and move on, coming back to __null_unspecified pointers when the<br>
>> >> >> appropriate<br>
>> >> >> graybeard has been summoned out of retirement [5].<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Assumes-nonnull Regions<br>
>> >> >> We’ve found that it's fairly common for the majority of pointers<br>
>> >> >> within<br>
>> >> >> a<br>
>> >> >> particular header to be __nonnull. Therefore, we’ve introduced<br>
>> >> >> assumes-nonnull regions that assume that certain unannotated<br>
>> >> >> pointers<br>
>> >> >> implicitly get the __nonnull nullability qualifiers. Assumes-nonnull<br>
>> >> >> regions<br>
>> >> >> are marked by pragmas:<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> #pragma clang assume_nonnull begin<br>
>> >> >> __nullable char *strchr(const char *s, int c); // s is<br>
>> >> >> inferred<br>
>> >> >> to<br>
>> >> >> be __nonnull<br>
>> >> >> void *my_realloc (__nullable void *ptr, size_t size); // my_realloc<br>
>> >> >> is<br>
>> >> >> inferred to return __nonnull<br>
>> >> >> #pragma clang assume_nonnull end<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> We infer __nonnull within an assumes_nonnull region when:<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> The pointer is a non-typedef declaration, such as a function<br>
>> >> >> parameter,<br>
>> >> >> variable, or data member, or the result type of a function. It’s<br>
>> >> >> very<br>
>> >> >> rare<br>
>> >> >> for one to warn typedefs to specify nullability information; rather,<br>
>> >> >> it’s<br>
>> >> >> usually the user of the typedef that needs to specify nullability.<br>
>> >> >> The pointer is a single-level pointer, e.g., int* but not int**,<br>
>> >> >> because<br>
>> >> >> we’ve found that programmers can get confused about the nullability<br>
>> >> >> of<br>
>> >> >> multi-level pointers (is it a __nullable pointer to __nonnull<br>
>> >> >> pointers,<br>
>> >> >> or<br>
>> >> >> the other way around?) and inferring nullability for any of the<br>
>> >> >> pointers in<br>
>> >> >> a multi-level pointer compounds the situation.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Note that no #include may occur within an assumes_nonnull region,<br>
>> >> >> and<br>
>> >> >> assumes_nonnull regions cannot cross header boundaries.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Type System Impact<br>
>> >> >> Nullability qualifiers are mapped to type attributes within the<br>
>> >> >> Clang<br>
>> >> >> type<br>
>> >> >> system, but a nullability-qualified pointer type is not semantically<br>
>> >> >> distinct from its unqualified pointer type. Therefore, one may<br>
>> >> >> freely<br>
>> >> >> convert between nullability-qualified and non-nullability-qualified<br>
>> >> >> pointers, or between nullability-qualified pointers with different<br>
>> >> >> nullability qualifiers. One cannot overload on nullability<br>
>> >> >> qualifiers,<br>
>> >> >> write<br>
>> >> >> C++ class template partial specializations that identify nullability<br>
>> >> >> qualifiers, or inspect nullability via type traits in any way.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Said more strongly, removing nullability qualifiers from a<br>
>> >> >> well-formed<br>
>> >> >> program will not change its behavior in any way, nor will the<br>
>> >> >> semantics<br>
>> >> >> of a<br>
>> >> >> program change when any set of (well-formed) nullability qualifiers<br>
>> >> >> are<br>
>> >> >> added to it. Operationally, this means that nullability qualifiers<br>
>> >> >> are<br>
>> >> >> not<br>
>> >> >> part of the canonical type in Clang’s type system, and that any<br>
>> >> >> warnings we<br>
>> >> >> produce based on nullability information will necessarily be<br>
>> >> >> dependent<br>
>> >> >> on<br>
>> >> >> Clang’s ability to retain type sugar during semantic analysis.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> While it’s somewhat exceptional for us to introduce new type<br>
>> >> >> qualifiers<br>
>> >> >> that don’t produce semantically distinct types, we feel that this is<br>
>> >> >> the<br>
>> >> >> only plausible design and implementation strategy for this feature:<br>
>> >> >> pushing<br>
>> >> >> nullability qualifiers into the type system semantically would cause<br>
>> >> >> significant changes to the language (e.g., overloading, partial<br>
>> >> >> specialization) and break ABI (due to name mangling) that would<br>
>> >> >> drastically<br>
>> >> >> reduce the number of potential users, and we feel that Clang’s<br>
>> >> >> support<br>
>> >> >> for<br>
>> >> >> maintaining type sugar throughout semantic analysis is generally<br>
>> >> >> good<br>
>> >> >> enough<br>
>> >> >> [6] to get the benefits of nullability annotations in our tools.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> Looking forward to our discussion.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> - Doug (with Jordan Rose and Anna Zaks)<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> [1]<br>
>> >> >> <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Tony-5FHoare-23Apologies-5Fand-5Fretractions&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=CnzuN65ENJ1H9py9XLiRvC_UQz6u3oG6GUNn7_wosSM&m=9fVqnzV1TV2BXdNmYDln_-jGhfcP0AVS1h6WPwAHlMs&s=ECJK-VnEWmjLNHBva3P3tFcf0KO0-EQ-axtxbBmN0LM&e=" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Hoare#Apologies_and_retractions</a><br>
>> >> >> [2] The standard description of strchr seems to imply that the<br>
>> >> >> parameter<br>
>> >> >> cannot be null<br>
>> >> >> [3] The patch is complete, but should be reviewed on cfe-commits<br>
>> >> >> rather<br>
>> >> >> than here. There are also several logic parts to this monolithic<br>
>> >> >> patch:<br>
>> >> >> (a) __nonnull/__nullable/__null_unspecified type specifiers<br>
>> >> >> (b) nonnull/nullable/null_unspecified syntactic sugar for<br>
>> >> >> Objective-C<br>
>> >> >> (c) Warning about inconsistent application of nullability specifiers<br>
>> >> >> within a given header<br>
>> >> >> (d) assume_nonnnull begin/end pragmas<br>
>> >> >> (e) Objective-C null_resettable property attribute<br>
>> >> >> [4] <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__gcc.gnu.org_onlinedocs_gcc_Function-2DAttributes.html&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=CnzuN65ENJ1H9py9XLiRvC_UQz6u3oG6GUNn7_wosSM&m=9fVqnzV1TV2BXdNmYDln_-jGhfcP0AVS1h6WPwAHlMs&s=pVA9h4NTEKVIkxNpvnC3_doBr73p8WFAy96TJdCKH0E&e=" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Function-Attributes.html</a><br>
>> >> >> (search<br>
>> >> >> for “nonnull”)<br>
>> >> >> [5] No graybeards were harmed in the making of this feature.<br>
>> >> >> [6] Template instantiation is the notable exception here, because it<br>
>> >> >> always canonicalizes types.<br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> <nullability.patch><br>
>> >> >> _______________________________________________<br>
>> >> >> cfe-dev mailing list<br>
>> >> >> <a href="mailto:cfe-dev@cs.uiuc.edu" target="_blank">cfe-dev@cs.uiuc.edu</a><br>
>> >> >> <a href="http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/mailman/listinfo/cfe-dev" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/mailman/listinfo/cfe-dev</a><br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> >> _______________________________________________<br>
>> >> >> cfe-dev mailing list<br>
>> >> >> <a href="mailto:cfe-dev@cs.uiuc.edu" target="_blank">cfe-dev@cs.uiuc.edu</a><br>
>> >> >> <a href="http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/mailman/listinfo/cfe-dev" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/mailman/listinfo/cfe-dev</a><br>
>> >> >><br>
>> >> ><br>
>> >> ><br>
>> >> > _______________________________________________<br>
>> >> > cfe-dev mailing list<br>
>> >> > <a href="mailto:cfe-dev@cs.uiuc.edu" target="_blank">cfe-dev@cs.uiuc.edu</a><br>
>> >> > <a href="http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/mailman/listinfo/cfe-dev" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/mailman/listinfo/cfe-dev</a><br>
>> >> ><br>
>> ><br>
>> ><br>
><br>
><br>
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